New species-group taxa of Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Bartz, Marie L. C.
James, Samuel W.
Steffen, Gerusa P. K.
Antoniolli, Zaida
Steffen, Ricardo B.
Brown, George G.
Zootaxa
2018
2018-10-05
4496
1
548
561
(GlossosColex)
GlossosColex
[151,490,980,1006]
Clitellata
Glossoscolecidae
Glossoscolex
GBIF
Animalia
Haplotaxida
7
555
Annelida
genus
Holotype. COFM BRRS0031one adult, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O, 79 masl. 0 9 NoVember 2010, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls. Paratype. COFM BRRS0032 one adult. Same locality and collection data as holotype. Othermaterial. COFM BRRS0033tWo adults, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O, 79 masl. 0 3 October 2011, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls. COFM BRRS0034tWo adults, natiVe grassland, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°49'15.8''S 57°04'56.7''O, 59 masl. 0 8 September 2010, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls. COFM BRRS0036one adult, residential laWn, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°41'53.19''S 53°45'20.57''O, 121 masl. 22 NoVember 2009, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls. COFM BRRS0037three adults, black oats, Itaara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°38'55.50''S 53°44'41.38''O, 438 masl. 0 2 March 2012, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls. MZUSP121one adult, labeled as cotype ( syntype) of Glossoscolex colonorum Michaelsen 1918and probably collected together With typesby W. Ehrhardt(date not specified) at riVer Itapocumargin, JoinVille, Santa Catarina. Altogether 15 specimens. Uncertainidentification. COFM BRRS0035one adult and three subadult, cultiVated pasture, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°43'05.32''S 53°42'25.19''O, 79 masl. 15 December 2012, G.P.K. Steffen& R.B. Steffencolls.
Etymology.The species is named after its occurrence in cultiVated pastures and natiVe grasslands ( pampas). The Pampas Brazilian Biome constitute a natural and pastoral region of plains coVered by fields located in Rio Grande do Suland Argentinaand Uruguai. The meaning of pampa is flat. The origin of the expression is Quechua, a South American language of indigenous origin that Was also used in the empire of the Incas.
Description.Dimensions: Holotype 176 mmby 7.0 mm at x, 8.0 mm at clitellum, 6.5 mmat xl, 274 segments; paratype 199 mmby 8.1 mmat x, 8.3 mmat clitellum, 6.3 mmat xl, 268 segments. Body length and segment number of non-type indiViduals ("other material") ranging from 143 to 244 mmand 198 to 352, respectiVely. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 4.4:0.1:1:0.1:6.3. Setae not Visible before clitellum. Prostomium proepilobous, post-setal secondary annulations present Vii–xxiV and after clitellum. Unpigmented/Whitish. OVipores in ab in xiV, 5 mmapart. Male pores 3.8 mmapart on xVii Within paired round papillae; segment xVii much narroWed; clitellum saddle, xV–1/2 xxii, xxii ( Fig. 3A,B). Nephropores just aboVe b. FIGURE 3.NeW species Of Glossoscolex. A, B. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex)sp.1. C, D. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pastivus n. sp.E, F. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pampas n. sp.FM = female pOres; MP = male pOres. Septa 6/7–10/11equally thick and muscular, septa 13/14/15/16 highly expanded With a circumesophageal barrier to make a sac, knobby outside and fuzzy inside. Alimentary canal With barrel shaped gizzard in Vi; esophagous With high cheVron-patterned lamellae Vii–xi, ValVular in xiii, intestinal origin xiV; typhlosole origin xiV, in xV–xix is Very WaVy simple lamina, xx–xxi zig-zag With Ventral edge bent oVer to form pockets, after xxii gradually becoming simple triple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, egg shaped, anterior face flattened and attached to septum 11/12, short pedunculated, composite-tubular type; blood Vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal Vessel to approximate center of each gland. Holonephric, Vesiculate; ducts to body Wall near leVel of b. Vascular system With Ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral Vessels in Vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi, last hearts enclosed in testis sacs. Extra-esophageal Vessel from pharyngeal glands, along Ventral-lateral face of gizzard, esophagus back to calciferous glands; supraesophageal Vessel in x–xi. OVaries, oVarian funnels free in xiii. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels unparried in xi, single midVentral sac; medial to hearts of xi pass narroW tubes to seminal Vesicles; seminal Vesicle lobulated, like butterfly Wings, in xi–xii/xiii, surrounding testis sacs; Vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body Wall en route to middle Ventro-anterior face of muscular short oVal copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend oVer xV– xViii. Copulatory bulbs With thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface With small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body Wall; no transVerse muscle bands crossing oVer bulbs, inner face of bulb attached to body Wall.
Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) pampasis close to Glossoscolex (G.) colonorum Michaelsen 1918. The differences betWeen G. (G.) pampasand G. (G.) colonorumare as folloWs, With the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: clitellum xV–1/2 xxii, xxii (xV–xx, xxi), calciferous gland in xii (in xi), copulatory bulbs short oVal (globular), extension of seminal Vesicles xi–xiii (xii–xVii) and shape of seminal Vesicle butterfly-Wing shaped=lobulated (band-shaped). The differences betWeen G. (G.) pampasand G. (G.) pastivusare: testis sacs short U-form fused With seminal Vesicles in xi (unpaired in xi), distances of male pores 3.8 (6.5) and form of the male pores round papillae (oVal dimples porophores) ( Table 1). The specimen of sample COFM BRRS0035, collected tWo years later at the typelocality, had some morphological differences Worth noting: the size Was much smaller ( 108 mmlength, 0.62 mmdiameter at clitellum), despite also being adult, the calciferous gland Was barrel-shaped (egg-shaped in the types), seminal Vesicles occupying segments xi–xii (up to xiii in the types) and copulatory bulbs occupying segments xVi–xix (xV– xViii). The single syntypespecimen of G. colonorum(sample from MZUSP121) also deserVes some attention since it Was not dissected and reVealed important differences regarding the original description of G. colonorum. The original description of G. colonorumstates that 19 adultsand an unknoWn number of subadults and juVeniles Were collected in the riVer Itapocu in Itapocu, JoinVille, state of Santa Catarina. HoWeVer, this location actually corresponds to Araquari county, as the riVer Itapocu does not pass through the toWn of JoinVille, and the Worms Were probably collected near the margin of the riVer, and not in the riVer as the Worm is not aquatic. LuederWaldt (1927)states that Michaelsen sent a co-type of G. colonorumto MZUSP in 1924, at the time When he Was director of the Museum. This is the information also present on the specimen label. HoWeVer, the morphological characteristics do not match those of the original description of the species, so that either it Was mis-labeled and is from another location, or it Was collected together With the other indiViduals and represents a second Glossoscolexspecies present at the typelocality. In fact this is not a cotype of G. colonorumand is here identified as G. pampas. The differences betWeen this specimen and G. (G.) colonorumare as folloWs, With the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: clitellum 1/4 xV–xxi (xV–xx, xxi), calciferous gland in xii (in xi), copulatory bulbs short oVal (globular) and extension of seminal Vesicles xii–xiii (xii–xVii). HoWeVer, it is closer to COFM BRRS0035 than to the typesand other material of G. pampas, presenting all of the same differences. The differences of the MZUSP specimen and COFM BRRS0035 Were not deemed to be enough to separate this indiVidual as a species separate from G. pampas, but further morphological and DNA analysis of other material from the same typelocalities (riVer Itapocu and Santa Maria) is necessary in order to ascertain if there are other differences Which may result in separation of these specimens into a different species or sub-species of Glossoscolex. TABLE 1.Comparison of characters of the new species and subspecies of Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex)with the type species of the subgenus and with further similar species that have been compared in the remarks sections of the new taxa described. Species Author Length [mm] Diameter in x [mm] Segments Setal ratio in xxx Clitellum Calciferous gland Testis sacs Septa 12/13/14 Last hearts Seminal vesicle Copulatory bulbs G. (G.) r. riograndenSiSn. ssp. Bartz & James 41–72 3.7–4.1 125–195 7.8:0.3:1.0:0.2:11.2 saddle, xv–xxiii heart shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– lxii round to oval, xvi– xviii G. (G.) r. polluluSn. ssp. Bartz & James 28–36 3.0–3.5 105–139 8.0:0.2:1.0:0.1:8.9 saddle, xv–xxiii small heart shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– xxxv,xxxix round, xvi– xviii G. (G.) r. nativuSn. ssp. Bartz & James 48–53 3.2–4.1 169–180 6.8:0.2:1.0:0.1:9.8 saddle, 1/2 xiv– 1/2 xxv flat bean shaped, xii 1 pair, U form, xi– xii simple free tubular with lobular edges, xii– lxxiv round, xvi– xviii G. (G.) paStivuSn. sp. Bartz & James 126– 134 9.0 194–209 5.7:0.2:1:0.1:8.8 saddle, xv–xxii oval to rouded, xii 1 pair short U form, fused with SV simple enclosed large lobulated, xi– xvii flattaned short oval, xvi–1/3 xix G. (G.) pampaSn. sp. Bartz & James 143– 244 7.0–8.1 198–352 4.4:0.1:1:0.1:6.3 saddle, xv–1/2 xxii, xxii egg shaped, xii unpaired, xi developed, united enclosed lobulated, like butterlfy wings, xi– xii, xiii short oval, xv–xviii G. (G.)sp.1 Bartz & James - 5.5 - 5.6:0.2:1:0.1:4.7 annular, xv–xxv heart shaped, xii unpaired, xi developed, united free absent reniform, xv–xviii G. (G.) colonorum Michaelsen, 1918 112– 175 3.5–6.5 175–323 aa = 2 ½ – 3 1/2 bc, dd = ca.1/2 u. saddle, xv–xx, xxi oval, xi unpaired, xi - - band shaped, xii– xvi/xvii flattened globular G. (G.) minor Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1999 24–45 198–231 30:1:10:1:50 annular, xiv–xxiii xi/xii unpaired, xi - - band shaped, xi–l elongated, xiv–xix G. (G.) truncatuS Rosa, 1895 80– 160 5.0–6.0 200–300 - annular, xvi–xxv xii 1 pair, U form, xi - enclosed tubular elongate, xi,xii–xviii long oval, xvii–xviii G. (G.) uruguayenSiS uruguayenSiS Cordero, 1943 170– 221 230–285 42:1:8:1:52 saddle, xv–xxii oval, xii 1 pair, U form, xi incomplete enclosed big and lobulated, xi–xiv big oval, xiv–xviii TABLE 2.Soil chemical and textural attributes from some areas where the new species of Glossoscolexwerefound. Ca, Mg, Al in cmolc dm-3; bases, OM and clay in %; S, P, K, Cu, Zn, and B in mg dm-3.
1914265859
2010-11-09
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
79
-29.718145
Santa Maria
1
-53.706997
7
555
BRRS0031
1
Rio Grande do Sul
holotype
1914265855
2011-10-03
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
79
-29.718145
Other
1
-53.706997
Santa Maria
7
555
BRRS0033
1
Rio Grande do Sul
1914265860
2010-09-08
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
59
-29.821056
Uruguaiana
1
-57.082417
7
555
BRRS0034
1
Rio Grande do Sul
1914265850
2009-11-22
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
121
-29.698107
Santa Maria
1
-53.755714
7
555
BRRS0036
1
Rio Grande do Sul
1914265856
2012-03-02
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
438
-29.64875
Itaara
1
-53.744827
7
555
BRRS0037
1
Rio Grande do Sul
1914265846
MZUSP
With & W. Ehrhardt & JoinVille
Brazil
riVer Itapocu
7
555
MZUSP121
15
Santa Catarina
syntype
1914265851
2012-12-15
COFM
G. P. K. Steffen & R. B. Steffen
Brazil
79
-29.718145
Uncertain
1
-53.706997
Santa Maria
7
555
BRRS0035
1
Rio Grande do Sul