Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco Neotropical Ichthyology 2008 2008-12-31 6 2 113 158 76VJX 756475-s1 Lucinda, 2008 Lucinda 2008 [973,1159,1072,1095] Poeciliidae Phalloceros Animalia Cyprinodontiformes 38 151 Chordata species reisi sp. nov.   Figs. 50, 51   Phallocerossp. n. L Lucinda & Reis (2005).     Holotype. MCP30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 24 º31’37"S 48 º49’55"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al.    Paratypes. Brazil. São Paulo. Rio Iporanga drainage. MCP20571, 10, Iporanga, ribeirão do Monjolo, nearby mouth, in Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 kmWNW from Iporanga, 24 º33’16"S 48º40’45"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al.  MCP20579, 117/4*, collected with the holotype.  MCP20581, 17, Iporanga, dried creek in Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 kmWNW from Iporanga. 24 º33’04"S 48 º41’08"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al.  MCP20589, 10, Iporanga, rio Betari on bridge at Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 kmWNW from Iporanga, 24 º33’16"S 48 º40’45"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al.  MCP27004, 8, Iporanga, rio Betari on bridge at Bairro da Serra, ca. 16 kmWNW from Iporanga, 22 Jun 1984, J.C. Garavello et al.   Non-types. Rio juquiá. MZUSP49328, 2, Juquitiba, creek tributary to rio Juquiá, nearby Hotel Belvedere, on dirty road to Juquitiba. Rio TietêHeadwaters.  MCP20583, 9, Mogi das Cruzes, rio Taiaçupeba close to Substação Elétrica de Tijuco Preto in Taiaçupeba, 23 º42’21"S 46 º17’53"W.  MCP20568, 74, Paranapiacaba, creek ca. 2 kmNW from Paranapiacaba, on road from Campo Grandeto Paranapiacaba, 23 º46’21"S 46 º18’52"W.  MCP25525, 11, Salesópolis, rio Paraitinga, at the side of the avenue in Salesópolis, 23 º31’43"S 45 º51’32"W.  MCP25527, 30, Salesópolis, rio Paraitinga, 23 º31’26"S 45 º48’9"W.  MCP25528, 29, Salesópolis, rio Paraitingain Cachoeira da Porteira, 23 º31’37"S 45 º45’52"W.  USNM309786, 46, headwaters of rio Tietê, Alto da Serra, half-way on road between Campo Grandeand Paranapiacaba, E of Alto da Serra a couple of miles.  USNM309788, 233, headwaters of rio Tietê, small stream to N of Paranapiacaba, about 2-3 kmfrom SW. Headwaters of Rio Paraíbado Sul.  MZUSP47192, 14, Mogi das Cruzes, ribeirão Guararema, Luiz Carlos (dirty road Luiz Carlos - Sabaúna, at the side of RFFSA). Small coastal drainages.  MCP31133, 86, Cubatão, stream affluent to rio Quilombo ca. 3.6 km from road SP 55, 23 º50’33"S 46 º19’41"W.  MCP31140, 56, Cubatão, stream affluent to rio Quilombo ca. 0.5 km from road SP 55, 23 º51’23"S 46 º20’54"W.  MCP31143, 31, Iporanga, rio Betari ca. 2 kmfrom Iporanga, 24 º36’11"S 48 º36’39"W.  MCP31188, 10, Cubatão, creek at Quilombo ca. 2.1 km from road SP 55 (affluent to rio Quilombo).   Diagnosis.  Phalloceros reisican be distinguished from its congeners but  P. megapolos,  P. spiloura,  P. malabarbai,  P. alessandrae,  P. buckupi,  P. uai,  P. lucenorum,  P. pellos, and  P. anisophallosby (1) the female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally ( vs. slightly left turned and with a lateral ramus or straight located along midventral line) and (2) border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it ( vs. separated from first anal-fin ray by the female urogenital papilla).   Phalloceros reisican be distinguished from its congeners but  P. spiloura,  P. uai,  P. lucenorum,  P. pellos, and  P. anisophallosby (1) the absence of the right hook and presence of the left one ( vs. absence or presence of left and right hooks), and (2) gonopodial appendix asymmetrical; its halves different from each other; right half wider than left one ( vs. gonopodial appendix symmetrical; its halves similar to each other).    Phalloceros reisican be distinguished from  P. spilouraby the absence of a caudal peduncle spot ( vs. presence of caudal peduncle spot); from  P. uaiby the presence of a wide and square-shaped lateral spot in large specimens ( vs. absence of such spot); from  P. lucenorumby rectangular tip of hook on left half of gonopodial appendix ( vs. rounded tip); from  P. anisophallosby the lateral spot in adult females very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering up to the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction ( vs. absent, small, or elliptical to roundish, but never forming a vertical bar lateral spot in adult females); from  P. pellosby (1) the background coloration light brown or yellow ( vs. dark brown) and (2) margin of scales on prepelvic region not visible, not bordered by dark chromatophores, forming a light, plain yellow region ( Fig. 50) ( vs. margin of scales on prepelvic region clearly defined and bordered by dark chromatophores). The lateral spot absent or small and discrete not covering one or two scales in horizontal or vertical directions differs  P. reisifrom  P. lucenorumand  P. pellos.  Description. Morphometric data in Tables 9and 10. Range of SL: 23.2 to 49.9 mm (females), 17.0 to 27.2 mm (males). Dorsal-fin rays: 7 [1], 8* [98], 9 [4]. Branched pectoral-fin rays: 5 [2], 6 [25], 7* [64]. Pelvic-fin rays: 5* [23] (males), 5 [74] (females). Anal-fin rays of females: 10 [21], 11 [55]. Anal-fin rays of males: 9* [26]. Branched caudal-fin rays: 10 [8], 11 [28], 12* [39], 13 [4]. Predorsal scales: 12 [1], 13 [5], 14* [80]. Longitudinal series of scales: 28 [16], 29* [76], 30 [6]. Series of scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [98]. Transverse series of scales: 6 [1], 7* [96]. Serrae on R4p: 8 [8], 9 [12], 10* [1]. Epipleural ribs: 10 [1], 11 [2], 13 [1]. Pleural ribs: 14 [3], 15 [1]. Vertebrae: 31 [1], 32 [3]. Female urogenital papilla right curved, located laterally. Border of anal aperture in contact with first anal-fin ray or very close to it. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix sickle like. Medial corner absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial paired appendix. Right hook absent ( Fig. 51).  Color in alcohol. Eye black with greenish brown pupil. Ground color cream, darker in upper half. Upper region of flanks and head densely covered with brown chromatophores. Border of scales and subjacent skin replete with brown chromatophores, more concentrated at short distance from scale border, conferring reticulate pattern to body sides, mainly on upper half. Brown chromatophores scattered through whole body, more concentrated on dorsal portion, mainly on head, snout, opercle, and ventral surface of mandible. Lateral spot corresponding to one scale in size, or smaller; inconspicuous, or absent in large females. Lateral spot located over 17 thor 18 thscale of longitudinal series, or between them. Faint vertical bars along flanks; sometimes absent. Dorsal-fin membrane bearing band of dark chromatophores on distal border of dorsal fin. Band of dark chromatophores near dorsal-fin base, more concentrated posteriorly. Dark brown line along base of R3. Pectoral-, pelvic-, anal, and caudal-fin rays unpigmented. Few chromatophores on first three anal-fin rays of females.   Etymology. The specific name  reisi(n. m. gen. sg.) is a patronym for Roberto E. Reis, in recognition of his many contributions to Neotropical ichthyology.   Distribution. Headwaters of rio Tietê, rio Paraíba do Sul, rio Ribeira de Iguape, and small coastal drainages in São Paulo State of Brazil ( Fig. 7).   Remarks. A single lot is known from the rio Juquiá drainage. Maybe this species is not sufficiently sampled in this area. 4512665459 1997-01-10 MCP Brazil -24.526945 -48.831944 38 151 holotype 4512665390 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665530 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo holotype 4512665438 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665550 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665366 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665369 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665537 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665465 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665511 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665506 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665496 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665549 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil 39 152 -24.554443 -48.67917 38 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665505 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665517 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665487 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665494 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665317 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype 4512665480 1984-06-22 MCP Brazil -24.554443 -48.67917 39 151 Sao Paulo paratype