Four new species of Paranaitis Southern, 1914 (Phyllodocidae, Annelida) from southern and southeastern Brazil Oliveira, Verônica Maria De Jacobsen, Danny Eibye Lana, Paulo Zootaxa 2018 2018-07-09 4444 2 120 136 4D4FM Oliveira & Jacobsen & Lana, 2018 Oliveira & Jacobsen & Lana 2018 [151,441,151,177] Polychaeta Phyllodocidae Paranaitis GBIF Animalia Phyllodocida 12 132 Annelida species cordiformata sp. nov.    Holotype.Margin of continental shelf, Campos Basin, Brazil, Hab 17 I03R01, 21°23'38.0"S, 40°15'37.1"W, 88 m, well-sorted fine sediment, 21 Jul. 2009(ZUEC- POL-16342).  Paratype.A total of 7 paratypes, length ranging from 5–20 mmand number of segments ranging from 25– 115.  Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil: Cotinga Channel, 25°30'41.6"S, 48°29'50.3"W, intertidal,  1 Feb. 2011( 1 paratype, NHMD-207973); Maciel shoal, 25°33'23"S, 48°24'58"W,  13 Apr. 2010( 1 paratype, ZUEC-POL-16489); Papagaios shoal, 25°32'56"S, 48°26'08"W,  Jun. 2011( 1 paratype, ZUEC-POL-16564).  Paranaguá Bay, 25°30'41.6"S, 48°29'50.3"W,  Sep. 2011, intertidal ( 2 paratypes, NHMD-207984);  Itiberê River, 25°30'41.6"S, 48°29'50.3"W,  Aug. 2011(1 paraatype ZUEC-POL-16570). Marginof continental shelf, Campos Basin, Brazil: Hab11 D2 R03, 22°12'53.4"S, 40°51'12.4"W,  52 m,  26 Feb. 2009( 1 paratype, ZUEC-POL-16367). Occurs in wellsorted fine sediment up to   52 m.   Diagnosis.Dorsal cirri cordiform and asymmetrical. Chaetae with main tooth conical and short, from segment 2. Pair of cylindrical anal cirri with wide base and tapered distal ends. Rostrum of chaetal shaft with large, conical main fang surrounded by cylindrical denticles of unequal lengths.   Description. Holotypecomplete with 97 segments, 15 mmlong, 1.0 mm wide at the median part of body, including parapodia and excluding chaetae. Body long, dorso-ventrally flattened, with uniform width, except for small tapering region at posterior end. Prostomium triangular, wider than long, anteriorly rounded, with one short nuchal papilla ligule in a distinct depression, in its posterior portion, where rounded nuchal papilla lies ( Fig. 13A– B). Paired frontal antennae and palps antero-laterally on prostomium, conical and robust, antennae and palps of equal size, long with tapered distal ends. One pair of subepidermal brown eyes with lenses. Proboscis not everted, not observed. First and second segments dorsally fused to form a collar. Four pairs of cylindrical tentacular cirri, biarticulate, with short cirrophores and long and cylindrical cirrostyles, gradually tapered at distal end, situated on first three segments. Cirri of segment 1 reaching segment 4. Dorsal and ventral cirri of segment 2 reaching segments 5 and 4, respectively. Dorsal cirri of segment 3 reaching segment 11 ( Fig. 13A–B). Aciculae not observed in segment 2. Neuropodia and ventral cirri from segment 3. Dorsal cirri with symmetrical cirrophores, developed, without dorsal extension, from segment 4, cordiform and symmetrical. Dorsal cirri on anterior segments distally tapered, on medium segments with more rounded tips, and on posterior segments almost as long as wide ( Fig. 13D–E). Parapodial lobes shorter than dorsal and ventral cirri, with clear aciculae and bundles of chaetae. Prechaetal lobes bilobate, asymmetrical and rounded, supraacicular lobes clearly wide than subacicular lobes. Ventral cirri horizontally oriented in relation to lobes, asymmetrical, on anterior segments oval and distally rounded, on medium segments oval and distally rounded, but with weak tip pointing downwards, and on posterior segments oval, more slender and more symmetrical ( Fig. 13A–C). Compound spinigerous chaetae from segment 2 ( Fig. 13C). Rostrum of chaetal shaft with large, conical main fang surrounded by cylindrical denticles of unequal lengths, articles with serrated outer edges ( Fig. 14A–C). Pygidium with one pair of cylindrical anal cirri with wide base and tapered distal ends. Median pygidial papilla absent ( Fig. 14D).   FIGURE 14.  Paranaitis cordiformata  sp. nov.A–C—SubaCiCular Chaetae from anterior parapodia (note variation in the two ConiCal teeth at the distal end of the rostrum of the Chaetal shaft); D—Pygidium with anal Cirri. A–D—Holotype. SCale bars: A, 0.01 mm; B, 0.012 mm; C, 0.004 mm; D, 0.05 mm; ACirs = Anal Cirrus sCar.   TABLE 1.Characters shaređ among the newly đescribeđ  Paranaitisspecies.    Species Eyes Proboscis đivision Proboscis Acicula in segment 2 First chaetiger Cirrophores of đorsal cirri Međium cirri Prechaetal lobes Anal cirri Pygiđial papilla    P. chitinosa sp. nov. present građual chitinous papillae present 3 asymmetrical rounđeđ, asymmetrical somewhat asymmetrical cylinđrical with rounđeđ eđges probably present    P. cirriformata sp. nov. present građual chitinous papillae unknown 3 symmetrical rounđeđ, symmetrical, wiđer than long somewhat asymmetrical cylinđrical anđ uniform present    P. assimetrica sp. nov. present građual conical, chitinous micropapillae present 3 symmetrical rounđeđ, symmetrical, longer than wiđe highly asymmetrical cylinđrical, with inflateđ bases anđ present  tapeređ đistal enđs    P. cordiformata sp. nov. present unknown unknown unknown 2 symmetrical corđiform, symmetrical slightly asymmetrical cylinđrical, with inflateđ bases anđ tapeređ đistal enđs absent  Coloration.Preserved specimens are opaque.   Distribution.Atlantic Ocean, Brazilian continental margin; areas of the continental shelf in the Campos Basin. Paranaguá Bay, Paraná—Brazil.   Etymology.The species name comes from the Latin word cordisand refers to the shape of the dorsal cirri.   Remarks.The cordate shape of the dorsal cirri in  Paranaitis cordiformata  sp. nov.is similar to those in P. wahlbergiand  P. gardineri; on the other hand, they are completely different from the rounded and reniform dorsal cirri described in  P. bowersi, P. caeca,  P. gardineri,  P. moritai,  P. uschakoviand  P. wahlbergi. This species is similar to  P. speciosaby the presence of nuchal papilla and primary chaetal teeth ( Kato & Pleijel, 2003); however, it differs in the shape of dorsal and anal cirri, which are more rounded in  P. speciosa.  Paranaitis cordiformata  sp. nov.shares the anal cirri morphology with  P. gardineribut it differs by the absence of a median pygidial papilla and the cylindrical shape of the anal cirri.  Paranaitis cordiformata  sp. nov.differs from  P. cirriformata  sp. nov.,  P. assimetrica  sp. nov.,  P. bowersi,  P. caeca,  P. inflata,  P. gardineri, P. kosteriensis,  P. misakiensis,  P. polynoides , P. pumila,  P. speciosa, and  P. uschakoviin lacking a pygidial papilla. The cylindrical anal cirri with inflated bases are shared with  P. caeca,  P. gardineri, and  P. polynoides.  Paranaitis cordiformata  sp. nov.shares the presence of neuropodial chaetae in the second segment with  P. benthicolaand  P. moritai. However, it differs from  P. chitinosa  sp. nov.,  P. assimetrica  sp. nov.,  P. caeca, P. misakiensis,  P. polynoides, and  P. pumila, in which neuropodial aciculae are present in the segment 2. 1880439287 2010-04-13 2011-06 2010-04-13 Brazil -25.54889 Paranagua Bay 21 -48.43556 Cotinga Channel 12 132 3 Parana paratype 1880439273 2011-09 Brazil -25.511555 Paranagua Bay 1 -48.497307 12 132 2 Parana paratype 1880439282 2009-02-26 2011-08 2009-02-26 Brazil Hab 52 -22.214834 Itibere River 1 -40.853443 Campos Basin 12 132 53 paratype