Description of Callistethus hamus sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) from continental Southeast Asia using synchrotron to illustrate the aedeagus Lu, Yuan-Yuan Zorn, Carsten Kral, David Bai, Ming ZooKeys 2019 881 1 11 19BBF8B0-7B54-5397-9247-DFD82C748143 Lu & Zorn Insecta Rutelidae Callistethus CoL Animalia Callistethus hamus Coleoptera 2 3 Arthropoda species hamus  Type locality.   China, Southern Yunnan,  23 kmNW of Jinghong, vicinity of Nan Ban, Xishuangbanna[Prefecture], 22°09.49"N, 100°39.92"E,   730 m.  Material examined.    Holotype(HT). CHINA• ♂; Yunnan Province, Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna, Jinghong City, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  20 May 2008; A Weigelleg.; NMEC.   Paratypes.   CHINA• 1 ♀; same data as the holotype•  1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  5 Jun. 2008; A. Weigelleg.; NMEC; [Micro-CT specimen]•  1 ♂ 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  5 Jun. 2008; A. Weigelleg.; CZPC•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  15 Jun. 2008; NMEC•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  5 Jun. 2008; A. Weigelleg.; NMEC•  1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  12 May 2008; A. Weigelleg.; NMEC•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  16 May 2009; Malaise trap; L.Z. Mengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966878•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National NatureReserve; 22°07.85'N, 100°40.12'E;  26 May 2009; Malaise trap; L.Z. Mengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966879•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve; 22°09.49'N, 100°39.92'E;  16 May 2009; flight interception traps; L.Z. Mengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966880•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve;  31. Jul. 2013; FWPC•  1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Menghai, Menghun Town; 21°50.48'N, 100°23.15'E;  4 Jun. 1958; L.Y. Zhengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966104•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Menghun Town; 21°50.48'N, 100°23.15'E;  1 Jun. 1958; X.W. Mengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966106•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Menghun Town; 21°50.48'N, 100°23.15'E;  4 Jun. 1958; L.Y. Zhengleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966107•  1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Mengzhe Town; 21°59.15'N, 100°16.02'E;  8 Jul. 1958; S.Y. Wangleg.; IZAS IOZ(E)1966105.   LAOS• 1 ♂; Vientiane Province, Phou Khao Khoay; 18°24.15'N, 103°02.15'E;  4-17 May 2005; P. Moravecleg.; CZPC.   VIETNAM• 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀;  Lam Đồng Prov., Dambri, Bảo  Lam; 11°38.42'N, 107°44.52'E;  May 2017; local collector leg.; CZPC•  1 ♀;  Lam Đồng Prov., Bảo Lộc; 11°32.88'N, 107°48.46'E;  March 2018; local collector leg.; CZPC•  5 ♂♂ 1 ♀♀;  Lam Đồng Prov., Bảo Lộc; 11°32.88'N, 107°48.46'E;  March 2018; local collector leg.; CZPC•  1♂ 1 ♀;  Lam Đồng Prov., Bảo Lộc; 11°32.88'N, 107°48.46'E;  March 2017; local collector leg.; MSPC.  Description of holotype( ♂).Body shape elongate ovoid, convex.   Colour.Head including antenna orange-brown, with two small black spots on vertex; pronotum orange-brown with two moderately large black spots in the middle of each side; an additional longitudinal stripe near the lateral margin (not reaching anterior and posterior margins) separating the yellow sides from the orange disc ( Figs 1, 4); elytra light reddish-brown with black markings as follows: an elongate spot on humeral callus, another smaller spot beneath shoulder at lateral margin, a zig-zag band of loosely connected spots crossing the middle of elytra, another zig-zag band shortly before the posterior margin ( Fig. 1); propygidium black with a transverse yellow spot at the outer posterior margin ( Fig. 5); pygidium black with a narrow yellow longitudinal middle line ( Fig. 5); underside yellow with black markings, with slight metallic shine ( Fig. 2); black macula in the middle and at extremities of femurs; various black markings present on all tibiae; pro- and mesotarsi brown, metatarsus black; major part of meso- and metaventrite black; meso-metaventral process yellow; major part of abdominal ventrites 1-3 yellow, abdominal ventrites 4-6 black with lateral yellow spot ( Fig. 2).   Figures 1-9. Holotypeof  Callistethus hamusLu & Zorn, sp. nov. 1-3habitus 1dorsal view 2ventral view 3lateral view from left 4head and pronotum 5propygidium and pygidium 6-8aedeagus 6dorsal view 7lateral view from right 8ventral view 9label. Key: Sc. 1, Scale bars: 5 mm( 1-3); Sc. 2, 5 mm ( 4, 5); Sc. 3, 1 mm ( 6-8).  Head.Clypeus subtrapezoidal, anterior angles rounded; anterior margin weakly reflexed, very densely, transversely rugo-punctate; frons rugo-punctate, with very shallow impression in the middle, confluently punctate at sides; vertex finely and sparsely punctate in the middle, more coarsely punctate laterally; ratio interocular width/width of head approximately 0.71; antennal club longer than antennomeres 1-6 combined ( Figs 1, 4).   Pronotumapproximately 1.89 times wider than long; sparsely and finely punctate, punctures very fine on disc, becoming gradually larger toward the sides; surface with additional micropunctures; anterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior angles obtuse; broadest at base; sides evenly curved in the middle, straight and strongly converging before anterior angles; sides very slightly sinuate near posterior angles; basal marginal line only present near posterior angles; anterior marginal line indistinct in the middle ( Fig. 4).  Scutellumsubtriangular, slightly broader than long, finely and sparsely punctate ( Fig. 4).  Elytraregularly striate; primary striae and secondary stria of subsutural interstice sulcate in posterior half, therefore intervals flat in anterior half and gradually more convex posteriad; strial punctation distinct, coarse; 2nd and 3rd interstices each with an indistinct row of punctures; elytral surface with additional sparse micropunctation; humeral umbone and apical protuberance rather prominent; epipleuron broad near humerus, ending approximately at the middle of elytron; posterior margins evenly, separately rounded; apico-sutural angle forming small dent ( Fig. 1).  Pygidiumconvex; apex broadly rounded; moderately densely, coarsely punctate; apex with several long, erect brownish setae ( Fig. 5).  Ventral thoracic surfacesmooth ( Fig. 2).  Meso-metaventral processvery long, reaching middle of procoxae; projecting upward in lateral view; apex acute ( Fig. 3).  Abdominal ventriteswith transverse row of rather sparse brown setae (usually only in lateral part); ventrites 1 and 2 carinate laterally ( Figs 2, 3).  Legs.Mesofemur with two bands of long brown setae: one along anterior margin; another transverse row of punctures parallel to posterior margin. Protibia bidentate, rather slender; proximal tooth short, situated close to the rather short, weakly outwards curved apical tooth; inner spur short, articulated in opposite to proximal tooth. Metatibia strongly fusiform; protarsomere 5 shorter than tarsomeres 1-4 combined in all legs; inner protarsal claw slightly widened and deeply incised apically, lower margin with obtuse angle basally, upper branch spiniform; outer mesotarsal claw long, curved, deeply incised at apex, upper branch spiniform; metatarsal claws somewhat unequal, outer claw distinctly broader and longer than inner ( Figs 1-3).  Aedeagus.Parameres short, with the hook-like apex in lateral view. See Figs 6-8.  Female.Abdominal ventrites 4-6 with extensive yellow markings. Apical tooth of protibia long and somewhat spatulate; protarsus articulated slightly basally of level of proximal tooth; inner spur long; protarsomere 1 as long as combined length of protarsomeres 2-4; antennal club short, only slightly longer than antennomeres 2-6 combined.  Measurements. Total body length 11.5-14.4 mm(HT 11.8 mm), total body width 6.5-8.4 mm(HT 7.5 mm).  Morphological variability. Vertex with or without two black spots. Elytral spots vary slightly in shape and size. The extend of black markings of the ventral side variable. The secondary longitudinal rows of punctures in interstices 2 and 3 sometimes distinct until the posterior half. Shape of parameres very consistent ( Figs 19-23, Appendix 1).   Differentialdiagnosis.   Callistethus hamussp. nov. resembles several other, similarly coloured South East Asian species of this genus. The reddish colour combined with black markings is also found in  C. maculatus( Guerin-Meneville, 1834),  C. picturatus( Candeze, 1869),  C. rachelae(Arrow, 1917),  C. spiniferus(Ohaus, 1915), and  C. stolidopygus(Ohaus, 1915). The new species is most similar to  C. rachelae, which also has only two black spots on the pronotum, not four as all other red species ( Figs 10-18).  Callistethus hamussp. nov. differs from  C. rachelaeprimarily in the shape of the aedeagus ( Figs 6-8, 15-17). The ventral margin of the parameres of  C. rachelaeis somewhat membranous and soft, but fully sclerotised in  C. hamussp. nov. The apices of the parameres in  C. hamussp. nov. are longer and more strongly curved compared to those of  C. rachelae( Figs 15-17).   Figures 10-18. Holotypeof  Callistethus rachelae(Arrow, 1917). 10-12habitus 10dorsal view 11ventral view 12lateral view from left 13head and pronotum 14propygidium and pygidium 15-17aedeagus 15dorsal view 16lateral view from right 17ventral view 18label. Key: Sc. 1. Scale bars: 5 mm( 10-12); Sc. 2, 5 mm ( 13, 14); Sc. 3, 1 mm ( 15-17).   Figures 19-23. 3D model for aedeagus of  Callistethus hamusLu & Zorn, sp. nov. Paratypefrom China, Yunnan. These photos are screen shots of the 3D model of the aedeagus.  Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the hook-like shape of the parameres of the new species.  Collecting data. Specimens collected in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve by Lingzeng Meng and Andreas Weigel were collected with cross-window traps in the tree canopy and malaise trap.  Distribution.  China( Yunnan), Laos( Vientiane), Vietnam( Lam Đồng) ( Fig. 24).   Figure 24.Map of Southeast Asia showing distributions of  Callistethus hamusand  Callistethus rachelae. 2427924919 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 China Southern 730 Xishuangbanna Nan Ban 730 Yunnan 2427924917 2008-05-20 NMEC A Weigel China Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong City 1 Yunnan holotype 2427924923 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 NMEC A Weigel China Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong City 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924930 2008-06-05 NMEC A. Weigel China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924918 2008-06-05 CZPC A. Weigel China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong 2 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924925 2008-06-15 NMEC China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924921 2008-06-05 NMEC A. Weigel China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924928 2008-05-12 NMEC A. Weigel China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong 1 1 Yunnan paratype 2427924929 2009-05-16 Malaise trap IZAS L. Z. Meng China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong IOZ(E)1966878 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924931 2009-05-26 Malaise trap IZAS L. Z. Meng China Xishuangbanna 22.130833 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66866 Jinghong IOZ(E)1966879 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924932 2009-05-16 flight interception traps IZAS L. Z. Meng China Xishuangbanna 22.158167 Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve 12 100.66534 Jinghong IOZ(E)1966880 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924922 2013-07-31 FWPC China Xishuangbanna Na Ban River Watershed National Nature Reserve Jinghong 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924915 1958-06-04 IZAS L. Y. Zheng China 21.841333 Menghun Town 12 100.38583 Menghai IOZ(E)1966104 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924926 1958-06-01 IZAS X. W. Meng China Xishuangbanna 21.841333 Menghun Town 12 100.38583 Menghai IOZ(E)1966106 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924920 1958-06-04 IZAS L. Y. Zheng China Xishuangbanna 21.841333 Menghun Town 12 100.38583 Menghai IOZ(E)1966107 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924916 1958-07-08 IZAS S. Y. Wang China Xishuangbanna 21.985834 Mengzhe Town 12 100.267 Menghai IOZ(E)1966105 1 1 Yunnan Province paratype 2427924924 2005-05-04 2005-05-17 2005-05-04 CZPC P. Moravec Laos 18.4025 Phou Khao Khoay 13 103.035835 1 1 Viangchan 2427924933 2017-05 CZPC Lam & Prov. & Dambri, B Vietnam 11.640333 VIETNAM 13 107.742 6 2 4 2427924913 2018-03 CZPC Lam & Prov., B Vietnam 11.548 13 107.80766 1 1 2427924927 2018-03 CZPC Lam & Prov., B Vietnam 11.548 13 107.80766 6 1 5 2427924914 2017-03 MSPC Lam & Prov., B Vietnam 11.548 13 107.80766 2 1 1