Out of the dark void: Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp., a new julid from Spain (Diplopoda, Julida) with notes on some troglobiomorphic traits in millipedes Akkari, Nesrine Gilgado, José D. Ortuño, Vicente M. Enghoff, Henrik Zootaxa 2018 4420 3 415 429 8M2B2 Akkari & Enghoff Akkari & Gilgado & Ortuño & Enghoff 2018 [151,696,1395,1422] Diplopoda Julidae Ommatoiulus GBIF Animalia Julida 2 417 Arthropoda species longicornis sp. nov.   Material: Holotype: ♂broken in 3 parts, Bèrnia, SSD2, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 26 April 2012, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  ZMUC0 0 0 39888).   Paratypes: 1 ♂, Serrella, Quatretondeta, Alicante, MSS trap 4, 38°42'56"N 0°17'44"W, 16 May 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  ZMUC0 0 0 39889); 1 ♂broken in 3 parts, Serrella SSD3. MSS, Quatretondeta, Alicante, 38°42'56"N 0°17'44"W, 1000 ma.s.l, 27 April 2012, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  ZMUC0 0 0 39890); 1 ♂broken in 3 parts (photographed), Serrella SSD3, MSS, Quatretondeta, Alicante, 38°42'56"N 0°17'44"W, 1000 ma.s.l, 27 April 2012, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  NHMW9213); 1 ♂broken in 2 parts (SEM), Bèrnia, SSD2, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 26 April 2012, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  NHMW9214); 1 ♂broken in 2 parts (dissected), Bèrnia, SSD2, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 26 April 2012, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  NHMW9215); 1 ♂broken in 4 parts, Bèrnia SSD3, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 14 May 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. ( NHMW9216); 1 ♀, broken in 2 parts, Bèrnia, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 29 Nov 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  NHMW9217); 1 subad. ♀, 1 juv., Serrella, Quatretondeta, Alicante, MSS trap 4, 38°42'56"N 0°17'44"W, 1000 ma.s.l, 30 Novembre 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  NHMW9218); 1 ♂broken in 3 parts, Serrella SSD4, MSS, Quatretondeta, Alicante, 38°42'56"N 0°17'44"W, 1000 ma.s.l, 16 May 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  DZAF-UA/VMO); 1 ♂, Bèrnia, SSD4, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 14 May 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  MNCN20.07/2017); 1 ♂Bèrnia, SSD2, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l 29 Nov 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  MNCN20.07/2018); 1 ♂broken in 4 parts, Bèrnia SSD3, MSS, Xaló, Alicante, 38°39'52"N 0°3'8"W, 890 ma.s.l, 14 May 2013, Gilgado JD, Ortuño VM et al. leg. (  DZAF-UA/VMO).   Diagnosis. A small species of the genus  Ommatoiuluswith notably elongated antennae; different from all congeners by the combination of: 1) a broad promerite with a protruding mesal ridge and a prominent scaly triangular lateral tooth; 2) a broad mesomerite ( ca. 2/ 3 xpromerite length), significantly shorter than the promerite, concave and bearing a lateral triangular thickening projecting anteriad; 3) a broad solenomerite with a ramified lamellar lateral fold.   Etymology. The species name is a Latin composite adjective referring to the long antennae.   Description. Based on males. Measurements (mm): L: 22–31.6 mm, H: 1.56–1.86 mm, 43–51 PR + 1–2 AR + Telson; Antennae: 2.33–2.93 mm, midbody leg: 1.45–1.63 mm. Ratios: Antenna/H: 1.35–1.59; midbody leg/H: 0.83–1.03.  Colour( Fig. 1): Prozonites light tawny-brown; metazonites pale, dorsum with a thin black mid-dorsal line; legs pale brown to yellowish; head dark brown on the frontal part, paler towards the labral zone, mouthparts yellowish; antenna brownish; preanal ring and anal valves pale.  Head( Fig. 1B): With remarkably long antennae; 9–11 vertical rows of ocelli, mouthparts as usual for Julidawith three labral teeth, regular gnathochilarium, mandibles with strong biting parts; gnathal lobe with four pectinate lamellae and regular molar plate. Stipital lobes weakly developed.  Body rings( Fig. 1): Prozonites with oblique striae; metazonites with regular striation and scattered setae; suture complete and rectilinear, sometimes with a sinus at ozopore level.  Legs( Fig. 2A, C): First pair of legs hook-shaped, the rest showing feebly developed postfemoral and tibial pads.  Anal valves( Fig. 2B): with a marginal row of short setae, a submarginal row of longer ones and 5–6 setae on disc. Subanal scale triangular, blunt and setose.  Preanal ring( Figs 1A, 2B): with a protruding caudal projection, bearing ca. seven setae on tip and a small upturned hyaline process.  Gonopods( Figs 2D, E, 3, 4): Promerite( P) three times as long as broad, parallel-sided basally; lateral margin thickening and expanding distally in a rounded lobe with a sub-lateral triangular process ( Tp). Tpwith a scaly surface and pointing postero-mesad ( Figs 2D, 3A, Da). Apical margin with two incisions separated by a small blunt tooth. Mesal ridge ( Mr) somewhat broad, projecting distad in a meso-apical process. Rudimentary telopodite ( T) large, located proximally ( Figs 2D, 3D). Posterior gonopods( Figs 2E, 3A-C, 4): 2/3 shorter than promerite, mesomerite ( Ms) broad ( Figs 4B, C), slightly constricted at mid-length; anteriorly concave ( Figs 4B, C); apical margin showing a small incision ( Fig. 4B) and a lateral triangular thickening projecting anteriad (probably to clasp on Tp). Solenomerite ( S) large, showing at mid-length an anterior small triangular process ( Sa) bearing several short setae, pointing distad and connected to the main solenomerite branch by a jagged surface ( Fig. 2D). Distal part of the solenomerite divided in 1) a posterior narrow conical process ( Sp) with a folded apex showing scattered thorns and lodging the opening of the seminal groove ( Og) and 2) a broad anterior hyaline lamella ( Hl) extending in ramified branches protruding in small apical spikes ( Figs 2E, 4D, E). Spand Hlseparated by a rounded notch ( n). Seminal groove ( g) running posteriorly from the fovea ( F) located at the base of the solenomerite up to Og. Paracoxite ( Px) stout and broad, distally folded, apical margin jagged and bent mesad; coxite low.   Distribution( Fig. 5A). Spain, Alicante. The species is recorded only in the Serra de Bèrnia and La Serrella.  Habitat. The species was exclusively found in MSS, which is supposed to have reduced fluctuations of temperature of the surface and a more or less constant and high relative humidity ( Pipan et al. 2011; Ortuño et al. 2013; Jiménez-Valverde et al. 2015; Mammola et al. 2016). However, the screes where the species was collected are strongly influenced by the surface conditions ( Fig. 5B). The Serra de Bèrnia reaches a maximum altitude of 1128 masl. The sampling points are located at an average of 890 masl. The scree is composed by Eocene limestone ( Morales Gil et al. 1983), and the average temperatures in the surface are around 16ºC with minimum temperatures in January around -7ºC. The scree is to some extent fixed by plants like  Hedera helixL., with other botanical elements in the surroundings like the relict  Taxus baccataL. and other autochthonous species (Gil et al. 1983), i. e.,  Amelanchier ovalisMedik,  Fraxinus ornusL.,  Pistacia terebinthusL.,  Acer monspessulanumL.,  Malva cretica althaeoides(Cav.) Dalby,  Saponaria ocymoidesL.,  Aphyllanthes monspeliensisL.,  Asplenium fontanum(L.) Bernh.,  Brachypodium retusum(Pers.) P. Beauv.,  Arrhenatherum elatius sardoum(E. Schmid),  Koeleria vallesiana(Honckeny) Gaud.,  Juniperus phoeniceaL.,  Festuca capillifoliaDufour ex Roem. and Schult.,  Thapsia villosaL. and some  Pinus halepensisMill.   FIGURE 1.  Ommatoiulus longicornis  n. sp., paratype male (ZMUC 00039889), habitus, lateral view. A—animal in toto, B— anterior part.   FIGURE 2.A‒B  Ommatoiulus longicornis  n. sp., holotype (ZMUC 00039888). A—Mid-body leg, B—Telson, ventral view, C‒E paratype (NHMW 9214), C—first pair of legs, posterior view, D—Right promerite, posterior view, E—Right posterior gonopod, mesal view (images not to scale). Abbreviations: Ffovea, gseminal groove, Hlhyaline lamella, Mrmesal ridge, Msmesomerite, Ogopening of the seminal groove, Pxparacoxite, Saanterior process, Ssolenomerite, Spposterior conical process, Ttelopodite, Tptriangular process.   FIGURE 3.  Ommatoiulus longicornis  n. sp., paratype (NHMW 9214), Gonopod structures. A—Left gonopod, mesal view, B—Left gonopod, antero-lateral view, C—Left gonopod, posterior view, D—Left promerite, posterior view, Da—Detail of the lateral tooth and its scaly surface of the right promerite. Abbreviations: Mrmesal ridge, Msmesomerite, Ppromerite, Pxparacoxite, Ssolenomerite, Ttelopodite, Tptriangular process.   FIGURE 4.  Ommatoiulus longicornis  n. sp., paratype (NHMW 9214), A-C Left posterior gonopod: A—Mesal view, B— Antero-mesal view, C—Antero-lateral view, D—Details of the distal part of the right solenomerite, E—Right posterior gonopod, apical view. Abbreviations: Ffovea, gseminal groove, Hlhyaline lamella, Msmesomerite, nnotch, Ogopening of the seminal goove, Pxparacoxite, Ssolenomerite, Spposterior conical process.   FIGURE 5. A—Sampling localities in northern Alicante province, Spain. B—Temperature (dark lines) and relative humidity (pale lines) for the localities where  Ommatoiulus longicornis  n. sp.was captured, both in the MSS and on the surface (“Ext”), during a year of sampling. The Serrella reaches a maximum altitude of 1379 masl, although the sampling points are located at an average of 1000 masl. The screes are composed of Oligocene and Eocene limestone ( Coll 1988). The mountain has a Mediterranean climate with a little continental influence and an average temperature around 11ºC, maximum of 36ºC and minimal of -6ºC, according to the closest meteorological observatory (Meteoclimatic Rainbow ss 2015). Annual average precipitations are above 1250 mm, with peaks in autumn and spring ( Coll 1988). In the scree and the crevices of the rocky wall above it there are some rupicolous species as  Teucrium buxifoliumSchreb.,  Asplenium petrarchae(Guérin)DC.,  Rhamnus lycioidesL., and  H. helix.In some shade zones of the mountain, there are pastures of  Brachypodium phoenicoides(L.) Roem. y Schult. and  Brachypodium retusum(Pers.) Beauv., with presence of some relict  T. baccataand the last  Ilex aquifoliumL. of Alicante (Mateo Sanz & Solanas i Ferràndiz 2005; Crespo et al. 2007).