Klug, 1838 :98 Esben-Petersen, 1921 :152 Penny & Byers, 1979b :367 Willmann, 1983 :53 Machado et al., 2009 :36 Bittacus brasiliensis Klug Bittacus brasiliensis Bittacus Thyridates B. brasiliensis B. brasiliensis B. brasiliensis The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species Machado, Renato Jose Pires Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello Rafael, José Albertino Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-30 4526 3 303 330 LXQX Klug, 1838 : Klug 1838 [151,536,572,598] Insecta Bittacidae Bittacus GBIF Animalia Mecoptera 3 306 Arthropoda species brasiliensis  ( Figs. 1b, 8e, 12a)     Bittacus brasiliensis:  Klug, 1838:98;  Esben-Petersen, 1921:152;  Penny & Byers, 1979b:367;  Willmann, 1983:53;  Machado et al.,2009:36; Machado, 2018.  Lectotypefemale (present designation): ZMHB: Casapava, Sello (green label)/ cotype (red label)/ 217 (white label)/ 1. (white label)/  Bittacus brasiliensisKlug(white label).  Lectotyperepresented in figure 1b. There are now two paralectotypes, both females deposited at ZMHB, with labels equal to the lectotypeexcept by the small white label “1.”, present only in the lectotype. Highresolution images of the three specimens were examined here. Speciesalso known from Rio Grande do Sul( Fig. 12a), and Argentina: Missiones.   Bittacus brasiliensisis an enigmatic species, known only by the typeseries from Braziland an additional male from Argentina( Kimmins 1939). Its wing venation is distinctive ( Fig. 1b) from that of other Brazilian  Bittacus(see identification key), so much so that the species was not included in  Thyridatesby Willmann (1983)and Collucci & Amorim (2000). All of the typeseries specimens of  B. brasiliensishave labels mentioning only Cassapava as the typelocality, and Sellow as the collector ( Klug 1838). Friedrich Sellow (or Sello) was a famous German insect collector who spent a long time in southern and southeastern Brazil. One of his most famous and longer campaigns ( 1823–1826) was in Rio Grande do Sulstate (RS), where he collected a large number of insects that were all shipped to Berlin ( Papavero 1971). During his trips in Brazil, Sellow recorded very extensive and detailed journals, where he mentioned several trips to Cassapava (RS) ( Papavero 1971), probably where the typeseries of  B. brasiliensiscomes from. Cassapava (RS) corresponds today to the municipality of Caçapava do Sullocated in a mountainous region in the central RS. The record of  B. brasiliensisfrom Argentina( Misiones: Loreto) ( Kimmins 1939) reinforces the idea that the Brazilian specimens were also collected in the southernmost regions of Brazil. This explanation is needed because the name Cassapava might generate some confusion, since another city located in the Atlantic rain forest in São Paulostate was also named Cassapava (known today as Caçapava). Sellow did spend some time collecting in São Paulostate, but there is no mention of Cassapava in his journals during that time ( Papavero 1971). 2029164528 Argentina Missiones High Rio Grande do Sul 3 306 4 lectotype