Le Sueur, 1817 : 172
Le Sueur, 1817 : 173
Milne-Edwards, 1857 : 249
Milne-Edwards, 1857 : 262
Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 : 39
Bartholomea Solifera
Duchassaing, 1870 : 21
Andres, 1883 : 386
Andres, 1883 : 392
Verrill, 1907 : 251
Stephenson, 1920 : 532
Watzl, 1922 : 60
Atoda, 1954 : 123
Chen, Soong & Chen, 2008 : 37
First Inventory of Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Mexican Caribbean
Gonzalez-Muñoz, Ricardo
Simões, Nuno
Sanchez-Rodriguez, Judith
Rodriguez, Estefania
Segura-Puertas, Lourdes
Zootaxa
2012
3556
1
38
KSN4
Le Sueur, 1817
Le Sueur
1817
[151,637,760,787]
Anthozoa
Aiptasiidae
Bartholomea
Animalia
Actiniaria
27
28
Cnidaria
species
annulata
( Figure 10, Table 2)
Actinia annulata Le Sueur, 1817: 172–173. Actinia solifera Le Sueur, 1817: 173. Paractis solifera Milne-Edwards, 1857: 249–250. Dysactis annulata Milne-Edwards, 1857: 262. Bartholomea solifera Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: 39, pl. VI, fig.14. Bartholomea Solifera[ sic] Duchassaing, 1870: 21. Aiptasia solifera Andres, 1883: 386. Aiptasia annulata Andres, 1883: 392. Aiptasia annulata solifera Verrill, 1907: 251. Bartholomea annulata Stephenson, 1920: 532. Carlgreniella robusta Watzl, 1922: 60, 66, 67–70, 73, 75, pl. I, fig. 6. Aiptasia arrulata Atoda, 1954: 123. Batholomea annulata Chen, Soong & Chen, 2008: 37.
Material examined.— Puerto Morelos( 20°52’0.39” N, 86°51’41.67” W; 5 specimens), Majahual( 18°42’28.18” N, 87°42’36.92” W; 1 specimen); Punta Cancún( 21°9’10.5” N, 86°44’41.2” W; 1 specimen); Isla Mujeres( 21°11’55.06” N, 86°43’35.88” W; 2 specimens), Akumal( 20°23’39.68” N, 87°18’47.39” W; 1 specimen); Xcalak( 18°15’53.55” N, 87°49’43.20” W; 1 specimen); Isla Contoy( 21°28’16.98” N, 86°47’27.87” W; 1 specimen).
Diagnosis.—Fully expanded tentacles and oral disc 100–150 mmin diameter. Oral disc 35–46 mmin diameter, smooth, flat, brownish, semi-transparent, with small white, yellow and green dots; sometimes base of first cycle of tentacles with triangular spots ( Figure 10B). Tentacles with distinct white spiral bands, more concentrated distally; epidermis in spiral bands thickened ( Figure 10A–C, F). Tentacles 48–96, hexamerously arranged in four to six cycles, inner ones longer than outer ones, long, slender, brown, semi-transparent ( Figure 10B–D). Column elongated, 12–45 mmin height, 15–38 mmin diameter, divided into capitulum and scapus ( Figure 10C). Capitulum smooth, light to dark brown, with white and yellow spots. Scapus smooth but corrugate in appearance when contracted. One or two rows of cinclides in mid-scapus. Pedal disc well developed, 8–24 mmin diameter ( Figure 10D). Pedal disc and scapus light brown or beige, semi-transparent, mesenterial insertions visible. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles (48 pairs in specimens examined): first cycle perfect, others imperfect. No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens reviewed. Two pairs of directives each attached to a well developed siphonoglyph ( Figure 10E). Retractor muscles strong, restricted ( Figure 10E); parietobasilar poorly developed. Basilar muscles poorly developed. Marginal sphincter muscle not observed. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Acontia white, with basitrichs and microbasic p-amastigophores. Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, holotrichs, microbasic p-amastigophores and spirocysts ( Figure 10G–T; see Table 2).
Natural history.— Bartholomea annulatalives in shallow waters inside crevices of rocks and coral rubble, with only its tentacles above the substrate, in the lagoon and back-reef zones, often between 1–15 mbut observed down to 20 m.Often observed in caves and crevices at the interface between hard and sandy substratum. Bartholomea annulatais commonly associated with the shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoniand the pistol shrimp Alpheus armatusRathbun, 1901( Manjarrés 1977; Ritson-Williams & Paul 2007). Alpheus armatusprotects the anemonefrom predation by the fire-worm Hermodice carunculata( Pallas, 1766)and cleans the shelter, allowing the anemoneto expand and retract its tentacles completely when disturbed; the anemoneprotects the shrimp from predation and provides it lodging ( Smith 1977). Other crustaceans reported in association with B. annulataare Periclimenes yucatanicus, P. rathbunae, Thor amboinensis, Alpheus immaculatus Knowlton & Keller, 1983and Alpheus polystictus Knowlton & Keller, 1985( Manjarrés 1978, Knowlton & Keller 1983, 1985, 1986; Ritson-Williams & Paul 2007).
Distribution.—From Bermudato Barbados, along the entire Caribbean Sea (see Table 1). In the Mexican Caribbean, this species is reported in Cozumel and Puerto Morelos reefs (INE 2000; Sánchez-Rodríguez et al. 2001, 2006; Jordán-Dahlgren 2008), but this is the first time recorded for Majahual, Punta Cancún, IslaMujeres, Akumal, Xcalak, and IslaContoy reefs.
Remarks.—Currently Bartholomeahas three valid species, of which B. annulataand B. werneri Watzl, 1922are reported for the Caribbean Sea ( Fautin 2011). According to Watzl (1922), the spiral bands in the tentacles of B. werneriare more widely spaced than those in B. annulata. Further studies are needed to establish if the difference in the arrangement of the spiral bands of both species represents a species level difference or intraspecific variation.
1416638311
[396,1120,1302,1326]
Mexico
20.866776
Puerto Morelos
1
-86.86157
27
28
5
1416638316
Mexico
18.707829
Majahual
1
-87.71025
27
28
1
1416638297
[538,1271,1338,1362]
Mexico
21.152916
Punta Cancún
1
-86.744774
27
28
1
1416638294
Mexico
21.198627
Isla Mujeres
1
-86.72663
27
28
2
1416638292
[709,1350,1374,1398]
Mexico
20.394356
Akumal
1
-87.31316
27
28
1
1416638302
Mexico
18.264875
Xcalak
1
-87.82867
27
28
1
1416638301
[703,1386,1410,1434]
Mexico
21.471384
Isla Contoy
1
-86.79108
27
28
1