Azteca velox Forel
Azteca coeruleipennis var. fasciata Pergande
Azteca velox var. nigriventris Forel
Azteca velox var. rectinota Forel
A taxonomic review of the genus Azteca (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Costa Rica and a global revision of the aurita group.
Longino, J. T.
Zootaxa
2007
1491
1
63
K62M
urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:26035
Insecta
Formicidae
Azteca
CoL
Animalia
Azteca velox Forel
Hymenoptera
50
Arthropoda
species
velox
Figures 3,4A,5,6A,6B,7,6E,6F.
Azteca velox Forel1899:108 [new name for Azteca coeruleipennis var. fasciata Pergande1895, not Emery 1893]. Syntypeworkers: Mexico, Santiago Iscuintla( Eisen and Vaslit) [ NHMW, USNM](examined). Description of queen, male: Forel 1899:108. Azteca velox var. nigriventris Forel1899:109. Syntypeworkers, queens: Colombia, pied de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and San Antonio 1000 meters( Forel) [ MHNG](examined). Forel 1906:241. NEW SYNONYMY Azteca velox var. rectinota Forel1908a:61. Syntypeworkers: Costa Rica, Puntarenas( Biolley) [ MHNG](examined). NEW SYNONYMY
Queen characters. Measurements (n=11): HLA 1.72 (1.66-1.81), HW 1.72 (1.63-1.84), SL 1.06 (1.03-1.14, 10), CI 100 (98-103), SI 63 (60-65). Palpal formula 6,4; ocelli small; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible with small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, subdecumbent, interspaces between puncta shiny but faintly microareolate at base to weakly roughened near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level; head with convex sides, posterior margin not strongly cordate, very shallowly excavate; petiolar node tall, strongly compressed into thin scale at apex; posteroventral petiolar lobe evenly convex from front to back; scape with abundant erect setae, about as long as one half maximum width of scape; middle and hind tibia with abundant erect setae, longest of these about as long as one third maximum width of tibia (MTSC 15-30); sides of head without erect setae; posterior margin of head with erect setae; pronotum with erect setae on posterior margin; mesoscutum, scutellum, and propodeum with abundant erect setae; petiolar node rimmed with erect pubescence and sparse longer erect setae, 1-2 pairs of erect setae extending above apex in profile, posterior border of sternal lobe of petiole with dense layer of erect setae of irregular lengths; gastral terga with sparse long erect setae; light orange brown coloration on clypeus, malar area, antennal fossa, and side of head, variable extent of infuscation on medial and posterior vertex. Worker characters. Measurements (n=7): HLA 0.98 (0.76-1.26), HW 0.99 (0.77-1.28), SL 0.82 (0.68- 1.01), CI 101 (97-102), SI 84 (78-89). Palpal formula 6,4; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible smooth and shining, with moderately abundant small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, erect, larger puncta with long setae near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level; head with convex sides, strongly cordate posterior margin; in lateral profile promesonotum forming single convexity; scape with abundant erect setae, length of setae about one half maximum width of scape; mid and hind tibia with abundant erect setae, longest setae about one half maximum width of tibia; side of head with about 5 erect setae on malar area, short erect setae variably present along entire side of head; posterior margin of head with abundant erect setae; pronotum, mesonotum, and dorsal face of propodeum with abundant long erect setae; anterior and anterolateral portions of head light yellow brown, variable extent of darker brown on medial vertex and posteriorly, mesosoma and gaster brown.
Similar species. Queens of A. quadricephalahave a more quadrate head shape and are less narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 6B). Queens of A. nigrahave a somewhat shorter head and the ventral petiolar lobe is deeper and ends before the posterior tergal lobe. Queens of A. flavigasterhave smaller heads (Fig. 6A).
Range. Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela.
Biology. Azteca veloxis a common species in a wide variety of habitats. It occurs most abundantly in seasonally dry areas, synanthropic habitats, and beach margins. Workers are common diurnal surface foragers. They are generalized scavengers and frequently visit extrafloral nectaries. The nests are polydomous, dispersed in multiple plant cavities. The cavities can be in live or dead stems. Colonies have also been associated with myrmecophytic orchids: Epidendrum bicornutumin Costa Rica (Forel 1906) and Caularthron bilamellatumin Panama (Fisher 1992). Colonies also develop, to variable extent, carton nests as extensions of nests in plant cavities. In Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, I observed several colonies. An incipient colony was in the hollow live stems of an understory shrub, Cassia hayesiana(Fabaceae). The total stem length of the occupied space was about 1m, with inner cavity diameter of 0.5-1.0cm. There was one physogastric queen and no other reproductives. At two entrance sites they had built small globular carton dwellings, 2cm across and packed with workers and brood. The section of hollow stem near the queen was entirely plugged with a mass of eggs and young brood. The nest also contained a Microdon(Syrphidae) puparium. A second incipient colony was in a shaded Cordia alliodora tree, a myrmecophyte usually occupied by Azteca pittieri. A lone physogastric queen was in one of the internodes, and workers and brood were dispersed in other nodes of the tree. Some of the Cordianodes had small carton nests built on the surface. In the forest at Santa Rosa I also observed a parabiotic association between Azteca veloxand Camponotus atriceps. Workers of Aztecaand Camponotuswere running in and out of the same fissure in a tree trunk, showing no aggressiveness toward each other. I observed a colony near Punta Quepos, at the edge of a small patch of degraded forest surrounded by pasture. About 4m of trailside had 10-20cm long carton nests scattered in the vegetation, on larger stems. I scraped one nest into a plastic bag -it contained a very high density of workers but no brood. A dead branch, in contrast, was packed with brood, males, and alate females. The dead branch was 3cm diameter with a 1- 1.5cm diameter continuous internal cavity. The ants had constructed rather regular perforated platforms inside the branch, every 1-1.5cm, making the inside look much like a Cecropiabranch interior.
Comments. Neither the morphological definition of this species nor the use of the name A. veloxare very well supported. The differences among A. sericeasur, A. velox, A. nigra, A. quadraticeps, and A. flavigasterare subtle. I base the differences among the species mainly on the queens. The Azeca veloxqueen is smaller than A. sericeasur, larger than A. flavigaster, with more rounded head than A. quadraticeps, and longer head than A. nigra. These conclusions are based on very small sample sizes of available queens. Workers of A. flavigasterhave a distinctive color pattern (contrasting yellow gaster and brown mesosoma), and the workers of A. quadraticepsare unknown. The workers of A. sericeasur, A. velox, and A. nigraare very similar. The largest workers of A. veloxand A. nigraare always relatively small. In the field even large populous colonies are entirely composed of small workers. In contrast, populous colonies of A. sericeasur(and A. instabilis, which is hard to distinguish from this group in the field) have much larger workers in amongst the small workers. Azteca veloxand A. nigraworkers differ slightly in scape length, with A. veloxhaving proportionately shorter scapes. Azteca nigraappears to be a wet forest version of A. velox, having similar nesting behavior of using a combination of dead sticks and carton nests, but with much greater development of the carton nests into ant gardens. The types of A. veloxare a few small workers from Mexico, collected in the late 1800's. They have erect setae on the posterior margin of the vertex, distinguishing them from A. sericea, the size is small, separating them from A. sericeasur, and the scapes are relatively short, separating them from A. nigra. The fact that the species I am calling A. veloxis common in the open, seasonally dry habitats of Santa Rosa National Park, and Santa Rosa has many ant species that are widespread in similar habitats from there to southern Mexico, further strengthens the identity. Forel (1899) discovered the Pergande homonym fasciataand proposed the replacement name velox. At the same time he described the queen and male, based on additional material from Costa Rica (Tonduz); Panama, Bugaba (Champion); and Colombia, pied de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Forel). It was not clear from which specimens he described the various castes. He noted that the species lived in hollow trunks, including fallen dead trees, and that it was uncertain whether carton construction was used for the nest. Some of this non-Pergande material has been incorrectly labeled as types and distributed to museums (MCZC, AMNH). The USNM, however, has true syntypes from Pergande's original collection (type #4481), in the type collection. In the same paper Forel described the subspecies nigriventris, based on his material from the Santa Marta region of Colombia. The syntypes included queens. I examined this material and it matched my concept of A. velox. Forel (1906:241) later identified additional Costa Rican material as nigriventris. This material was collected by Biolley in Esparza, from pseudobulbs of Epidendrum bicornutum, with the note "in constant symbiosis." I examined this material and it matches my concept of A. velox.
Additional material examined. COSTA RICA: Alajuela: R N. V. S. CanoNegro, 10°53'N, 83°12'W, 20m, 5- 28 Feb 1995( K. F. Flores) - adult queen [ INBC]; Guanacaste: Headquarters, Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 10°50'N, 85°37'W, 300m, 13 Jul 1985( J. Longino) - workers; Bosque Humedo, Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 10°51'N, 85°37'W, 300m, 12 Jul 1985( J. Longino) - dealate queen, workers; oak forest, Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 10°52'N, 85°36'W, 300m, 15 Jul 1985( J. Longino) - dealate queen, workers; Guacimo, Tempisque, 20 Jan 1937( A. Alfaro) - worker [ USNM]; Playa Ostional, 9°59'N, 84°18'W, 5m, 13- 16 Jun 2004( B. Gamboa, D. Briceno, M. Moraga, Y. Cardenas) - queen [ INBC]; Limon: Pto Viejo de Limon, 9°40'N, 82°45'W, 5m, 21 Mar 1987( J. Longino) - worker; Puntarenas: Sirena, Corcovado National Park, 8°29'N, 83°36'W, 5m, multiple dates and collections ( J. Longino) - workers, males; Llorona, Corcovado National Park, 8°35'N, 83°42'W, 5m, 2 Jan 1982and 21 Mar 1981( J. Longino) - workers; Manuel Antonio Nat. Park, 9°23'N, 84°09'W, 20m, 27- 28 Jul 1985( J. Longino) - queen, worker; Punta Quepos, 9°24'N, 84°10'W, 5m, 4 Jun 1989( J. Longino) - queens, males, workers; Rancho Quemado, Osa Peninsula, 8°42'N, 83°33'W, 200m, 15 Dec 1990( J. Longino) - workers; Golfito, 8°39'N, 83°09'W, 50m, 15 Aug 1957( A. Menke) - dealate queen [ LACM]; same locality, Jan 1999( P. Hanson) - worker; Esparza, Feb 1905( Biolley) - alate queens, workers [ MHNG]; Curu Wildlife Refuge, 9°47'N, 84°55'W, 5m, 28 Mar 1993( J. Longino) - worker; PANAMA: Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island, 9°09'N, 79°51'W, 100m, 5 Apr 1987( B. Fisher) - queen, male, worker [ LACM]; VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande, 10°21'N, 67°41'W, 1100m, 1945( W. Beebe) - dealate queen [ LACM].
923890728
NHMW, USNM
Eisen, Vaslit
Mexico
Santiago Iscuintla
Syntypes
923890729
MHNG
Forel
Colombia
pied de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and San Antonio 1000 meters
Syntypes
923890727
MHNG
Biolley
Costa Rica
Puntarenas
Puntarenas
Syntype
923890730
1995-02-28
INBC
K. F. Flores
COSTA RICA
10.883333
R N. V. S. Cano Negro, 20 m
-83.2
Alajuela
923890751
1985-07-13
J. Longino
Costa Rica
10.833333
Headquarters, Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 300 m
-85.61667
Guanacaste
923890732
1985-07-12
J. Longino
Costa Rica
10.85
Bosque Humedo, Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 300 m
-85.61667
Guanacaste
923890744
1985-07-15
J. Longino
Costa Rica
10.866667
Santa Rosa Nat. Park, 300 m
-85.6
Guanacaste
923890740
1937-01-20
USNM
A. Alfaro
Costa Rica
Guacimo, Tempisque
Guanacaste
923890747
2004-06-16
INBC
B. Gamboa, D. Briceno, M. Moraga, Y. Cardenas
Costa Rica
9.983334
Playa Ostional, 5 m
-84.3
Guanacaste
923890748
1987-03-21
J. Longino
Costa Rica
9.666667
Pto Viejo de Limon, 5 m
-82.75
Limon
923890746
J. Longino
Costa Rica
8.483334
Sirena, Corcovado National Park, 5 m
-83.6
Puntarenas
923890739
1982-01-02
J. Longino
Costa Rica
8.583333
Llorona, Corcovado National Park, 5 m
-83.7
Puntarenas
923890733
1985-07-28
J. Longino
Costa Rica
9.383333
Manuel Antonio Nat. Park, 20 m
-84.15
Puntarenas
923890742
1989-06-04
J. Longino
Costa Rica
9.4
Punta Quepos, 5 m
-84.166664
Puntarenas
923890734
1990-12-15
J. Longino
Costa Rica
8.7
Rancho Quemado, Osa Peninsula, 200 m
-83.55
Puntarenas
923890731
1957-08-15
LACM
A. Menke
Costa Rica
8.65
Golfito, 50 m
-83.15
Puntarenas
923890774
1999-01
LACM
P. Hanson
Costa Rica
8.65
Golfito, 50 m
-83.15
Puntarenas
923890764
1905-02
MHNG
Biolley
Costa Rica
Esparza
Puntarenas
923890771
1993-03-28
J. Longino
Costa Rica
9.783334
Curu Wildlife Refuge, 5 m
-84.916664
Puntarenas
923890760
1987-04-05
LACM
B. Fisher
PANAMA
9.15
Barro Colorado Island, 100 m
-79.85
Canal Zone
923890779
1945
LACM
W. Beebe
VENEZUELA
10.35
Rancho Grande, 1100 m
-67.683334
Aragua