A checklist of the family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949 from Iran Alvani, Somaye Mahdikhani-Moghadam, Esmat Rouhani, Hamid Mohammadi, Abbas Zootaxa 2016 4079 2 179 204 (Rensch 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven 1941 (Rensch 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven 1941 [193,985,979,1005] Secernentea Hoplolaimidae Pratylenchus Animalia Tylenchida 9 188 Nematoda species neglectus   Syn:  P. minyusSher & Allen 1953   P. capitatusIvanova 1968   P. neocapitatusKhan & Singh 1975   P. similisKhan & Singh 1975  P. g ot o hi(Mizukubo & Minagawa 1991) Pourjam, Kheiri, Geraert & Alizadeh 1999a (Karegar et al. 1995) 8♀: L=455 (420–535) µm; a= 27 (23–30); b= 5.3 (4.4–6.3); b'= 4.3 (4.1–5); c= 21 (16– 25); c'= 2.2 (1.8–2.6); St= 15–17 µm; V= 81 (77–84)  Associated plants and localities.Alfalfa (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijan, Yazd and Zanjan), almond (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer–Ahmad and Zanjan), apple (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Kermanshah, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), apricot (Kerman), artemisia ( Fars), barley, (Ardabil and Lorestan), bean (Markazi and Sistan and Baluchestan), cereal (north and central provinces), chery (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), chestnut (Kermanshah), citrus (Gilan and Mazandaran), clover (Lorestan), corn (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), cotton (Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), cucumber (East Azerbaijanand Kerman), grapevine (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Hamedan, Gilan, Golestan, Kerman, Markazi, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Qom, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), olive (Kerman), paprika (East Azerbaijan), pea (Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), peach (Ardabil), peanut (Alborz), pear (Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), pine (Markazi, Qom and Tehran), pistachio (Kerman, Qazvin, Qom and Yazd), pomegranate (Kerman), potato (East Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Hamedan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer–Ahmad, Kordestan, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), rapeseed (Esfahan, Fars, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and Tehran), sorghum (Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), soybean (Alborz, Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), strawberry (Kordestan), sugar beet (Ardabil, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamedan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), sunflower (Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), tea (Gilan and Mazandaran), tobacco (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan), tomato (Boshehr and East Azerbaijan), turnip (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer–Ahmad), vegetable (East Azerbaijanand Golestan), walnut (Hamedan, Kermanshah, Kordestan and Lorestan), watermelon (Alborz), wheat (Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer–Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan, West Azerbaijanand Zanjan) and  Ziziphus zizyphus(South Khorasan).   References.Kheiri 1972; Akhyani, A. & Naderi, A, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 1986, pers. com; Damadzadeh, M. & Akhyani, A, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 1990, pers. com; Barooti, S. & Kheiri, A, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 1990, pers. com; Akhyani, A. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 1994, pers. com; Mahdikhani-Moghadam & Kheiri 1995; Karegar et al. 1995 [F]; Niknam & Kheiri 1996; Pourjam et al. 1997 [F]; Ghanbarnia, K. et al., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1998, pers. com; Tanha Maafi, Z, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 1998, pers. com; Pourjam, E. et al., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1998, pers. com, 1998 [P]; Barooti 1998; Pourjam et al. 1999 a [F]; Giti, M. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Hamedan, 2000, pers. com; Barooti, S. et al., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 2000, pers. com; Bahrami Kamangar, S. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kordestan, Kordestan, 2000, pers. com; Norouzi & Barooti 2000; Ghanbarnia et al. 2000; Kheiri et al. 2002a; Jamali, S. et al., Gilan University, Rasht, 2002, pers. com; Ghanbarnia, K. & Arabsalmani, M, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 2002, pers. com; Karegar, A. et al., Shiraz University, Shiraz, 2002, pers. com; Razaz Hashemi, S.R, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Qazvin, Qazvin, 2002, pers. com; Barooti, S. et al., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 2002, pers. com; Karimi Pourfard, H. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 2002, pers. com; Golmohammadzadeh Khiaban, N. & Barooti, S, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 2002, pers. com; Khezrinejad, N. & Niknam, Gh, Islamic Azad University of Mahabad, Uremia, 2004, pers. com; Barooti, S. & Hosseininejad, S.A, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 2004, pers. com; Kashi Nahanji, L. et al., Bu-Ali SinaUniversity, Hamedan, 2004, pers. com; Eshaghi, R. et al., Shahid–Chamran University of Ahzaz, Ahvaz, 2004, pers. com; Noori, S. et al., Zanjan University, Zanjan, 2004, pers. com; Davarian, T. & Taheri, A, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 2004, pers. com; Tanha Maafi et al. 2004; Ebrahimi et al. 2004; Jamali et al. 2004; Hasanzadeh Khalifekandi et al. 2005 [P]; Noori et al. 2005; Giti et al. 2005 [P]; Shakeri, M. & Tanha Maafi, Z, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Yazd, 2006, pers. com; Pakniyyat, M, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars, Shiraz, 2006, pers. com; Karegar 2006 [P]; Fatemy et al. 2006; Jahanshahi Afshar et al. 2006; Aliramaji, F. et al., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 2006, pers. com, Aliramaji et al. 2006 [F]; Khezrinejad, N. et al., Islamic Azad University of Mahabad, Uremia, 2006, pers. com; Tanha Maafi, Z. et al., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 2008, pers. com; Pakniyyat, M, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars, Shiraz, 2008, pers. com; Nasrollahzadeh, V. et al., Tabriz University, Tabriz, 2008, pers. com; Naseri, B. et al., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 2008, pers. com; Naseri et al. 2008; Najafpour, A. et al., Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 2008, pers. com; Mohammad Deimi, A. et al., Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 2008, pers. com; Mohammad Deimi et al. 2008a, b; Karimi Pourfard, H, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 2008, pers. com; Ghaderi, R. et al., Shiraz University, Shiraz, 2008, pers. com [P]; Davarian, T. et al., Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 2008, pers. com; Barooti, S. & Khozeini, H, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 2008, pers. com; Jabbari & Niknam 2008; Ghaderi et al. 2008; Zarrinnia et al. 2008; Davarian et al. 2008; Gharekhani et al. 2008; Sedaghatfar & Mohammad Deimi 2009; Tanha Maafi et al. 2009; Kashi Nahanji et al. 2009; Ommati, F. & Giti, M, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars, Shiraz, 2010, pers. com; Eshaghi, R. et al., Shahid–Chamran University of Ahzaz, Ahvaz, 2010, pers. com; Baadl, S. et al., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 2010, pers. com; Ahmadi, A. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, 2010, pers. com; Razaz Hashemi, S.R, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Qazvin, Qazvin, 2010, pers. com; Rafiee, H.R. et al., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 2010, pers. com; Salehi, F. et al., Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 2010, pers. com; Ghahramaninejad Mianeji, A. et al., Tabriz University, Tabriz, 2010, pers. com; Majd Taheri, Z. et al., Islamic Azad University of Damghan, Damghan, 2010, pers. com [F, M]; Miraki, K. et al., Yasouj University, Yasouj, 2010, pers. com; Abdollahi 2010; Mohammad Deimi & Mitkowski 2010 [P]; Karimi Pourfard et al. 2010; Divsalar et al. 2011; Talezari et al. 2011; Fayyazi et al. 2012; Ahmadiyan Yazdi, A. & Rastegar Peymani, A, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, 2012, pers. com; Mosavi, S.E. et al., Zanjan University, Zanjan, 2012, pers. com; Lotfi, Z. & Gharekhani, A, Payam–Noor University of Qom, Qom, 2012, pers. com; Ghorbanzadeh, H. et al., Tehran University, Karaj, 2012, pers. com; Karimi Pourfard, H. et al., Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Esfahan, Esfahan, 2012, pers. com; Ashrafi, M. et al., Tabriz University, Tabriz, 2012, pers. com; Solouki, V. et al., Tabriz University, Tabriz, 2012, pers. com; Divsalar et al. 2012; Bahmani, J. et al., Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 2012, pers. com; Nasiri, M. et al., Shiraz University, Shiraz, 2012, pers. com; Rahimi, M. et al., Kordestan University, Kordestan, 2012, pers. com; Ghorbani, A. et al., Shiraz University, Shiraz, 2012, pers. com; Bahmani et al. 2013; Molayi et al. 2013; Majd Taheri et al. 2013 [F, M]; Alvani, S. et al., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 2013, pers. com; Mirghasemi, S.N. et al., Gilan University, Rasht, 2014, pers. com; Hatami, B. & Asghari, R, Zanjan University, Zanjan, 2014, pers. com; Namadipour, F. et al., Zanjan University, Zanjan, 2014, pers. com; Mirshekari, K. & Abdollahi, M, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 2014, pers. com; Eskandari et al. 2015.   Remarks.  Pratylenchus neglectuswas separated from  P. gotohiMizukubo & Minagawa 1991by having a more posterior excretory pore (77 (72–85) vs67 (63–74) Μm from anterior end), longer posterior uterine branch (5.4 (4.5–8.1) vs3.7 (3.3–4.3) Μm), anterior position of the vulva (V = 81 (78.3–82.8) vs82.2 (81.2–82.8)), higher stylet knobs (2.0–3.3 vs1.7–2.0 Μm), lower m–value (47.8 (45.8–50.0) vs50.7 (47.8–54.2)%), and number of tail annuli (17 vs20). Pourjam et al. (1999a) studied several populations of  P. neglectusfrom Iranand found that morphological and morphometric characters of these populations were similar to  P. gotohiand therefore considered both species (  P. neglectusand  P. gotohi) as synonymous.