Guadua paniculata Munro (1868: 85) Flora of the Serra do Cachimbo (Eastern Amazon, Brazil): Bambusoideae (Poaceae), including the description of two new species Lopes-Neto, Raimundo Balieiro Viana, Pedro Lage Phytotaxa 2022 2022-06-14 550 2 99 129 3HHTH Munro (1868: 85) Munro 85 1868 [136,570,1850,1877] Liliopsida Poaceae Guadua Plantae Poales 11 110 Tracheophyta species paniculata  Rhizomes not seen. Culms 5–12 mlong, 1.5–2.2 cmin diameter, erect at first then arching at the apex, internodes 22–34.6 cmlong, hollow or pithy in center, smooth, glabrous, light green, infranodal bands of white trichomes 4–7 cmlong, supranodal bands 0.9–1.2 cmlong, both with adpressed, white short trichomes; primary buds subequal, prophyll not seen; nodes stramineous, glabrous, horizontal, supranodal ridge slightly conspicuous. Branch complement with one dominant branch ca. 32 cmlong, ca. 6 mmin diameter, internodes 4–8.5 cmlong, with 4–16 secondary branches at its base, ca. 16 cmlong, ca. 0.5 mmin diameter, internodes ca. 4.1–4.7 cmlong. Culm leaves caducous, but the blade falling first; sheaths ca. 21–29.1 cm, longer than the blade, stramineous, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, with retrorse trichomes on both surfaces, margins glabrous; auricles absent or inconspicuous; fimbriae ca. 4 mmlong, glabrous; inner ligules ca. 0.2 mmlong, symmetrical, membranous; blades 9.5–11 × 7–7.5 cm, triangular, stramineous, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pubescent between nerves, densely pubescent at the base, margins ciliate, apex acute. Foliage leaves 6–13 per complement; sheaths 4.3–6.7 × 4 cm, green, glabrous to shortpilose, overlapping margins glabrous, underlapping margins ciliate; auricles absent, when present, format, 5–6 mm; fimbriae 4–5 mm, straight at the base and sinuous toward the apex, stramineous ( in siccus); inner ligules ca. 0.3 mm, symmetrical, membranous; outer ligules ca. 0.1 mm, symmetrical, membranous-ciliate; pseudopetioles ca. 0.6 mm, flat, glabrous; blades 15.5–17.5 × 0.8–1.4 cm, linear-lanceolate, green, short pilose on both surfaces, 12–15-nerved, midnerve slightly excentric, 5–7 nerves on one side and 6–8 on the other side, base truncate, margins scabridulous, apex acuminate. Synflorescences 30–58 cmlong, paniculate, lax, with 4–8 coflorescences, each coflorescence with 3–8 pseudospikelets, main axes pubescent; subtending bracts ca. 2.2 × 0.8 mm, persistent, triangular, short-pubescent, margins ciliate, densely ciliate toward the apex, apex acute. Pseudospikelets 26–30 × 3.5–4 mm, linear-lanceolate; 3–4 × 1–1.2 mm, symmetrical, triangular, glabrous, margins glabrous, apex acute; gemmiparous bracts ca. 4–5 × 2 mm, subequal, triangular, 10-nerved, stramineous ( in siccus), glabrous, margins ciliate, apex acuminate; rachilla internodes between the fertile anthecium ca. 2 mmlong, short-ciliate, straight. Fertile anthecium 4–6.7 × 1.8 mm, lanceolate; lemma 12-nerved, glabrous, margins ciliate, apex acuminate; palea 2-keeled, concave between the keels where the rachilla segment fits, 2 inconspicuous wings around the floret, 5-nerved between the keels and 2-nerved in each wing, glabrous except the short-ciliate keels, margins glabrous, apex acute; lodicules not seen; stamens 3, filaments ca. 2 mmlong, glabrous, anthers ca. 5 mmlong, yellow ( in siccus); ovary ca. 0.5 × 1 mm, umbonate, short-pilose toward the apex, style ca. 1.5 mmlong, stigma 2. Caryopsis not seen.  Specimens examined:—  BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, BR-163, borda da estrada, a 49 kmao sul de Cachoeira da Serra,  491 m, 8°59’41.3”S, 54°58’31.6”W,  25 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 692( MG);  Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo, Cachoeira do Curuá, ca.  600 mda BR 163 - Santarém-Cuiabá,  333 m, 8°44’01.0”S, 54°57’42.8”W,  30 September 2019, Pastore et al. 1200( MG);  ibidem,  350 m, 8°44’04”S, 54°57’42.8”W,  27 May 2021, Lopes-Neto et al. 763( MG).   Additional specimens examined:—  BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, Fazenda Alto Salobra, próximo aos limites do PARNA da Serra do Bodoquena, estrada p/ Fazenda Califórnia, 20°55’15”S, 56°40’33”W,  03 December 2016, Martinelli et al. 16880( MG, RB).   Distribution and habitat:—This species is distributed from Mexicoto South America, in humid to seasonally dry habitats bellow 1,000 meters ( Londoño & Judziewicz 1991). In Brazil, it can be found in the Amazon, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica phytogeographic domains, in the North (AC, PA and TO), Northeast (AL, BA, PE, PI, RN and SE), Central-West (DF, GO, MT and MS), Southeast (ES, MG and SP) and South (RS and SC) regions ( Shirasuna et al.2020). In the Serra do Cachimbo, this species was found in anthropogenic areas and Open ombrophilous forest.   Comments:—  Guadua paniculatais a polymorphic and poorly known species ( Londoño & Judziewicz 1991). It can be distinguished from the other bamboos from the Serra do Cachimbo by the branch complement bearing thorns and caducous culm leaves, the blades falling first, the blades erect and triangular. To distinguish it from  E. capitatum, see comments of this species. 3808182314 MO, TCD Brazil Gardner Rio Preto 11 110 2 Pernambuco lectotype 3808182343 BR Brazil Inter Porto Imperial Burchell Junil 11 110 US-79109 1 Tocantins syntype 3808182337 2021-05-25 MG de Cachoeira da Serra Brazil 491 -8.994805 Cachoeira da Serra 1 -54.975445 12 111 1 3808182312 2019-09-30 MG Brazil 600 -8.733611 Reserva Biologica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo 1 -54.96189 Cachoeira do Curua 12 111 1 3808182310 2021-05-27 MG Brazil 350 -8.734445 15 -54.96189 12 111 1 3808182347 2016-12-03 MG, RB da Serra do Bodoquena Brazil -20.920834 Serra do Bodoquena 21 -56.675835 12 111 1 Mato Grosso do Sul