Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012 Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach Piovesan, Mônica Casagrande, Mirna Martins Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Zootaxa 2022 2022-12-06 5216 1 1 278 Chacon & Montero, 2012 Chacon & Montero 2012 [151,767,366,393] Insecta Nymphalidae Opsiphanes Animalia Lepidoptera 204 205 Arthropoda species jacobsorum  ( Figs 187–191)    Opsiphanes jacobsorumChacón & Montero, 2012, inChacón et al. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 3, figs 1–2 (male d, v), 3–4 (female d, v), 9–11 (male gen.), 12,13 (female gen.), 14 (scent organs), 15–26 (larva, pupa), 27 (genetic distance), 28 (geogr. distr.); holotypemale, larva found 11-IX-2006, prepupa 12-XI-2006, adult eclosed 8-XII-2006, Pasmompa, Sector Pitilla, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, lat 11.01926, long -85.40997, 440 m, Manuel Ríos leg.— Neves & Paluch, 2016. Neotrop. Ent. 45(1): 13, 17, 18; cit.—S. Miller et al., 2016. Phil. Trans. r. Soc. B 371(1702)(20150339): 2.—Shirai et al., 2017. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 110(2): 149, 155; biol., phylog.— Checa & Torres, 2019. Trop. Lep. Res. 29(1): 59; cit.— Matos-Maraví et al. 2021, Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133(3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.   Type material.  Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012was described based on the holotypemale from Costa Rica, deposited at INBio, with the following information: Holotype ♂: Costa Rica: Guanacaste: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 11.01926, -85.40997,  440 m, larva found  11 September 2006, prepupa  12 November 2006, adult eclosed  8 December 2006, Manuel Ríos, 6-SRNP-34098 ( INBio); for images see Chacón et al. (2012).   Diagnosis.  Opsiphanes jacobsorumis sympatric with  Opsiphanes fabricii fabriciiand  Opsiphanes periphetes  stat. nov.; males and females of  Opsiphanes jacobsorumdiffer from both these species in having the HW with a crenulated outer margin, although this crenulation is not as marked as in the “  sallei” and “  quiteria” subgroups. Additionally, the male of  Opsiphanes jacobsorumdiffers from males of  Opsiphanes fabricii fabriciiand  Opsiphanes periphetes  stat. nov.in having the DFW with an irregular oblique band, which borders the discal cell at most until the anterior half of M 3-CuA 1and DHW with a submarginal, generally zigzag band, evident up to CuA 1and two-thirds the width of the oblique band of DFW, on CuA 1-CuA 2. The female of  Opsiphanes jacobsorumdiffers from the females of  Opsiphanes fabricii fabriciiand  Opsiphanes periphetes  stat. nov.in having the DFW bands varying from whitish to yellowish and the DHW submarginal band entirely rusty red ( Figs 187a– 188a). The female genitalia of  Opsiphanes jacobsorumdiffer from other known  Opsiphanesspecies, in that the lamella antevaginalis is not connected to the lamella postvaginalis ( Fig. 190). Molecular analyses recovered  Opsiphanes jacobsorumas closely related to  Opsiphanes fabricii,  Opsiphanes merianae stat. rest.and  Opsiphanes periphetes  stat. nov.( Fig. 2) (genetic distance 0.9–1.2%, 1.2–1.6%, and 1.4–1.7%, respectively).  Male genitalia.Tegumen in dorsal view with anterior margin anteriorly projected, shorter than the uncus; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus ( Fig. 189).  Female genitalia.Lamella antevaginalis as a narrow, sclerotized arch; lamella postvaginalis rounded medially, tapering in the distal region, and not fused to the lamella antevaginalis; ostium membranous; corpus bursae shorter than the ductus bursae ( Fig. 190).   Variation.FW, length: male: 37–42 mm(n=5), female: 44–45 mm(n=3). DFW, the width of the band inside the discal cell, and the anterior and posterior margins of this band may have varied indentations; in females, this band ranges from defined to nearly imperceptible; the width and length of the oblique band; in females, the color of the bands ranges from whitish to yellowish, which may have different shades in the same specimen. DHW, the width and color of the submarginal band. VFW, the width, length, and color of the oblique band. VHW, the size and shape of the eyespot between Sc+R 1and M 1, and the width of its dark-brown ring; the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3and CuA 2; the zigzag EIII submarginal line is not always evident ( Figs 187–188).  Natural history.Chacón & Montero (2012) described the last larval instar and the pupa of  Opsiphanes jacobsorum. Host plants: Arecaceae:  Cryosophila warscewiczii(H. A. Wendl.) Bartlett,  Astrocaryum alatumH. F. Loomis,  Prestoea decurrens(H. Wendl. ex Burret) H. E. Moore (Chacón & Montero 2012).  Geographic distribution.   Costa Rica( Guanacaste, Alajuela);   Panama( Panamá, Colón) ( Fig. 191). Itoccurs at altitudes between 380 and  640 m( Chacón& Montero2012).  Temporal distribution.March, May–October.   Etymology.Named in honor of Irwin and Joan Jacobs, who contributed funds to maintain the “Área de Conservación Guanacaste”.  Specimens examined.   COSTA RICA:  Guanacaste— Área de Conservación Guanacaste(  Coneja), 11.01525, -85.39766,  415 m,  1-IX-2012, 1 male, R. Caleroleg., USNMENT01589074 ( USNM), (  Sendero Cuestona),  10.99455, -85.41461,  640 m,  25-VI-2006, 1 male, C. Moragaleg., USNMENT01590011 ( USNM), (  Medrano),  11.01602, -85.38053,  640 m,  25-VI-2006, 1 female, R. Caleroleg., USNMENT01590013 ( USNM), (  Quebradona), 1099102, -85.39539,  475 m,  10-V-2010, 1 female, R. Caleroleg., USNMENT01590014 ( USNM), (  Pasmompa), 11.0193, -85.41,  440 m,  3-III-2017, 1 male, M. Ríosleg., USNMENT01590780 ( USNM), 10-IX-2016, 1 male,   12- IX-2016, 2 females, C. Moragaleg., USNMENT01590783–01590785 ( USNM).   Alajuela— Área de Conservación Guanacaste, (  Piedrona), 11.0162, -  85.359, 340 m,  11-VI-2013, 1 female, D. Briceñoleg., USNMENT01590771 ( USNM), (  Sendero Huerta),  10.9305, -85.3722,  520 m,  29-VIII-2016, 1 male, C. Canoleg., USNMENT01590812 ( USNM), (  Sendero Colegio),  10.893, -85.3788,  520 m,  9-VIII-2016, 1 male, E. Arayaleg., USNMENT01590813 ( USNM), (  Estación Llanura),  10.93332, -85.25331,  135 m,  22-III-2012, 1 male, 1 female, C. Umañaleg., USN- MENT01590012, 01590015 ( USNM), (  Sendero Rincón),  10.8962, -85.2777,  430 m,  4-VI-2015, 1 male, A. Córdobaleg., USNMENT01590799 ( USNM),   6-V-2015, 1 male, J. Hernándezleg., USNMENT01590801 ( USNM). PANA- MA:   Panamá— Lago Bayano,  19-X-1974, 1 male, G. B. Smallleg., USNMENT01590040 ( USNM).   Colón— Piña,  1-VII-1970, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107067 ( MGCL). [610,897,725,752] 2006-09-11 2006-12-08 2006-09-11 INBio de Conservacion & Sector Pitilla & Pasmompa Costa Rica 440 11.01926 Area de Conservacion 1 -85.40997 204 205 1 1 Guanacaste holotype [502,899,1949,1975] Costa Rica Guanacaste 204 205 1 Guanacaste Chacon & Montero Panama 640 It 204 205 1 Panama 2012-09-01 USNM R. Calero & Sendero Cuestona Costa Rica 415 11.01525 Coneja 1 -85.39766 Area de Conservacion Guanacaste 205 206 1 1 Guanacaste [151,1431,330,357] 2006-06-25 USNM C. Moraga & Medrano Costa Rica 640 10.99455 1 -85.41461 205 206 1 1 Guanacaste [151,1431,366,393] 2006-06-25 USNM R. Calero & Quebradona Costa Rica 640 11.01602 1 -85.38053 205 206 1 1 Guanacaste [151,1431,402,429] 2010-05-10 USNM R. Calero & Pasmompa Costa Rica 475 205 206 1 1 Guanacaste [151,1153,438,465] 2017-03-03 USNM M. Rios Costa Rica 440 205 206 1 1 Guanacaste 2016-09-12 USNM C. Moraga Costa Rica 205 206 2 2 Guanacaste 2013-06-11 USNM D. Briceno & Sendero Huerta Costa Rica 85359 11.0162 Piedrona 54 -85.359 Area de Conservacion Guanacaste 205 206 1 1 Alajuela 2016-08-29 USNM C. Cano & Sendero Colegio Costa Rica 520 10.9305 7 -85.3722 205 206 1 1 Alajuela 2016-08-09 USNM E. Araya & Estacion Llanura Costa Rica 520 10.893 55 -85.3788 205 206 1 1 Alajuela 2012-03-22 USNM C. Umana & Sendero Rincon Costa Rica 135 10.93332 1 -85.25331 205 206 2 1 1 Alajuela 2015-06-04 USNM A. Cordoba Costa Rica 430 10.8962 7 -85.2777 205 206 1 1 Alajuela [572,1342,690,717] 2015-05-06 USNM J. Hernandez Costa Rica 205 206 1 1 Alajuela [212,1270,725,753] 1974-10-19 USNM G. B. Small Panama Lago Bayano 205 206 1 1 Alajuela 1970-07-01 MGCL Panama Pina 205 206 1 1 Colon