Holocnemus aurouxi Barrientos Barrientos et al. 2019: 5 Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae) Huber, Bernhard A. European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-02-22 795 1 1 241 999TP (Barrientos, 2019) Huber 2022 Barrientos 2019 [457,908,793,820] Arachnida Pholcidae Maghreba Animalia Araneae 85 86 Arthropoda species aurouxi gen. et comb. nov.   Figs 163B, 260–262, 285–304, 319–330     Holocnemus aurouxiBarrientosin  Barrientos et al.2019: 5, figs 2–5, 13a–b ( ♂).    Diagnosis Easily distinguished from known congeners by dorsal arc of internal female genitalia with pair of distinct posterior protrusions ( Fig. 303); from the geographically neighboring  M. nkob gen. et sp. nov.also by procursus with long and straight ventral sclerite and longer dorsally-directed tip ( Fig. 292), distal (main) bulbal sclerite with two small ventral teeth of equal size and strongly protruding dorsal process ( Figs 293–296), epigynum short, triangular to semi-circular ( Figs 299–301); from the morphologically very similar  M. amezyan gen. et sp. nov.also by smaller size (e.g., carapace width <1.5 vs>1.5; palpal tibia length: <0.95 vs>0.95); from the morphologically very similar  M. kahfa gen. et sp. nov.also by stronger legs (male tibia 1 L/d 60 vs 80) and larger eyes (AME diameter 65 µm vs 40 µm).    Type material    Holotype(not examined, see Remark below) MOROCCO–  L’Oriental• ♂; Figuig, Beni Bassia, Ifri Lala Jama; 32.252° N, 3.159° W;  1105 ma.s.l.;  1 Jun. 2001; F. Fadriqueand O. Escoláleg.; Museo de Zoología de Barcelona2001-0424 (= Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona).    Remark I could not examine the typespecimen because a loan request was denied (B. Caballero, pers. com. 19 Feb. 2021). However, Jorge Mederos kindly prepared photographs of the distinctive features and these were compared with newly collected specimens from three localities; see variation below.    Material examined   MOROCCO–  Drâa-Tafilalet• 7 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀(partly used for SEM); SE of Zebzat; 32.625° N, 4.540° W;  1675 ma.s.l.;  20 Sep. 2018; B.A. Huberleg.; in small cave above road, near ground; ZFMK Ar22385, Ar22386•  1 ♂, 3 ♀♀(in pure ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; ZFMK Mor98•  2 ♂♂; Boudenib, Kef Aziza; 31.94° N, 3.60° W;  9 Jan. 2000; C. Hernandoleg.; CRBA 3638•  2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CRBA 3639•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CRBA 3736.  Assigned tentatively(see Distribution below)   MOROCCO–  Souss-Massa• 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; between Irhermand Tiferki at R106; 30.1406° N, 8.3337° W;  1745 ma.s.l.;  16 Sep. 2018; B.A. Huberleg.; in small cave-like shelter made of large rocks; ZFMK Ar22387•  1 ♂(in pure ethanol); same collection data as for preceding; ZFMKMor87.    Redescription  Male(ZFMK Ar 22385) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.8, carapace width 1.2. Distance PME–PME 130 µm; diameter PME 85 × 105 µm; distance PME–ALE 25 µm; diameter AME 65 µm; distance AME–AME 20 µm. Leg 1: 26.4 (7.6 + 0.5 + 7.3 + 9.2 + 1.8), tibia 2: 4.8, tibia 3: 3.7, tibia 4: 4.2; tibia 1 L/d: 61; femora 1–4 diameters: 0.19, 0.17, 0.17, 0.17. COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace pale ochre to whitish, medially slightly darker; clypeus not darkened; sternum ochre with darker radial marks; legs pale ochre-yellow, without darker rings, with black lines on femora and tibiae ( Figs 288–289); abdomen pale gray, with few small dark marks dorsally, many whitish marks; ventrally with diffuse dark marks anterior of gonopore and around spinnerets; with only two small dark marks between gonopore and spinnerets. BODY. Habitus as in Figs 260–261. Ocular area slightly raised. Deep thoracic pit and pair of shallow furrows diverging from pit toward posterior margin (cf. Fig. 319). Clypeus unmodified, rim not more sclerotized than in female. Sternum wider than long (0.85/0.60), unmodified. Abdomen posteriorly rounded, high but not elongated beyond spinnerets. CHELICERAE. Very similar to  M. stifadma gen. et sp. nov.(cf. Figs 233–234), with pair of frontal lateral apophyses, each with one large modified cone-shaped hair ( Fig. 323); distance between tips of modified hairs: 380 µm; with very low proximal frontal protrusion; lateral stridulatory ridges fine ( Fig. 324; distances between ridges 3.0–3.5 µm), poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS. As is Figs 285–287; coxa with distinct retrolateral-ventral process (arrow in Fig. 287); trochanter barely modified (low ventral rounded hump); femur not curved towards dorsal, distally widened and with very low rounded ventral protrusion, proximally with prolateral stridulatory pick (modified hair), without retrolateral transversal line, with distinct retrolateral-ventral proximal process and distinct dorsal process; femur-patella joints slightly shifted toward prolateral side; tibia relatively long and slender, tibia-tarsus joints shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus without macrotrichia; tarsal organ capsulate ( Fig. 327); procursus ( Figs 290–292) with some dorsal hairs slightly curved upwards; on prolateral side with proximal ridge followed by distinct hump at half length, both hairless; distally with very low ventral flap; procursus tip with strong ventral sclerite and semitransparent process, main branch strongly curved towards dorsal, with semitransparent hair-like process and wide tip divided by retrolateral ridge; genital bulb ( Figs 293–296) basal sclerite with dorsal apophysis; distal (main) sclerite large, with deep retrolateral pocket, strong dorsal process without teeth, ventral part with two teeth of similar sizes, sperm duct opening in membranous area on prolateral side (arrow in Fig. 322). LEGS. Femur 1 with single row of ~27 ventral spines; without curved hairs; with slightly higher than usual density of short vertical hairs prolaterally on all tibiae; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 4%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other leg tibiae; tarsal pseudosegments irregular and indistinct except ~3–5 distally; tarsal organs capsulate, sometimes with weakly undulating rim ( Fig. 328).  Male(variation) Tibia 1 in seven malesfrom SE of Zebzat: 6.9–7.9 (mean 7.4); abdomen pattern slightly variable, some males with slightly more dark marks dorsally, with more ‘complete’ ventral pattern behind gonopore (three parallel bands). Males from between Irherm and Tiferki differ very slightly from those from SE of Zebzat: tip of procursus narrower; ventral teeth of distal bulbal sclerite slightly smaller and closer together; dorsal process on distal bulbal sclerite slightly narrower and longer in lateral views; tibia 1 inthese two males: 7.1, 7.3. The holotypeseems identical to the males from SE of Zebzat regarding the procursus, but more similar to the males from between Irherm and Tiferki with respect to the bulb. The two malesfrom Boudenib are in very poor condition but their palps appear identical to those from between Irherm and Tiferki; tibia 1 inone of these males: 8.3 (missing in second male). Gonopore with 4–6 epiandrous spigots, sometimes asymmetric (2+3; Figs 320–321).  Female In general similar to male ( Fig. 262) but without spines on legs; with very indistinct stridulatory apparatus between prosoma and abdomen: barely visible whitish processes on carapace (arrow in Fig. 319) and light brown areas frontally on abdomen; without cheliceral stridulatory ridges but with rugose area proximally ( Fig. 325). Tibia 1 in 11 femalesfrom SE of Zebzat: 5.9–8.2 (mean 7.1); in female from Irherm and Tiferki: 6.5. Epigynum as in Figs 299–301and 330, main epigynal plate wider than long, triangular to semicircular, weakly protruding, with pair of very low processes; with pair of indistinct round pockets (distance ~310 µm); posterior plate short and wide, simple; indistinct plate in front of epigynum, not elevated. Internal genitalia ( Figs 297–298, 302–304) with elongated pore plates in transversal position, widening medially; dorsal arc medially heavily sclerotized with distinctive posterior processes, ventral arc apparently without ventral pocket.   Figs 285–289.  Maghreba aurouxi( Barrientos, 2019) gen. nov.; male from Morocco, SE of Zebzat (ZFMK Ar 22385). 285–287. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrow: process on coxa. 288–289. Femora 3 and 4, ventral views. Scale bars: 285–287 = 0.5 mm; 288–289 = 0.2 mm.   Figs 290–298.  Maghreba aurouxi( Barrientos, 2019) gen. nov.; male and female from Morocco, SE of Zebzat (ZFMK Ar 22385, Ar 22386). 290–292. Left procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 293–296. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, and ventral views. 297–298. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows: pockets (pits). Abbreviations: bs = basal sclerite; da = dorsal apophysis; dp = dorsal process; ph = prolateral hump; pr = epigynal process; pt = procursus tip; vf = ventral flap; vs = ventral sclerite; vt = ventral teeth. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.   Figs 299–304.  Maghreba aurouxi( Barrientos, 2019) gen. nov.; female from Morocco, SE of Zebzat (ZFMK Ar 22386). 299. Abdomen, ventral view. 300–301. Epigynum, lateral and ventral views. 302– 304. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view, regular dorsal view, and dorsal view with dorsal arc tilted backwards; arrows: posterior processes on dorsal arc. Abbreviations: da = dorsal arc; po = pocket; va = ventral arc. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.   Figs 305–312.  Maghreba amezyan gen. et sp. nov.; male and female from Morocco, between Lakhssas and Bouizakarne (ZFMK Ar 22353, Ar 22354). 305. Female ocular area and carapace; arrow: posterior process. 306. Male cheliceral apophysis. 307–308. Male and female cheliceral stridulatory files. 309. Right procursus, retrolateral view; arrow: transparent process. 310. Right genital bulb, prolateral (slightly ventral) view; arrow: sperm duct opening. 311–312. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; pt = procursus tip; vs = ventral sclerite; vt = ventral teeth. Scale bars: 305, 309–310 = 100 µm; 306, 308, 312 = 10 µm; 307, 311 = 20 µm.   Figs 313–321. 313–318.  Maghreba amezyan gen. et sp. nov.; male and female from Morocco, between Lakhssas and Bouizakarne (ZFMK Ar 22353, Ar 22354). 313–315. Tarsal organs on male tarsi 1, 2, and 4. 316. Male gonopore. 317. Female spinnerets. 318. Epigynum; arrows: pockets (pits). 319– 321.  Maghreba aurouxi( Barrientos, 2019) gen. nov.; males and female from Morocco, SE of Zebzat (ZFMK Ar 22385, Ar 22886). 319. Female carapace; arrow: posterior process. 320–321. Gonopores of two male specimens. Scale bars: 313–315, 317, 320 = 10 µm; 316, 321 = 20 µm; 318–319 = 100 µm.   Figs 322–330.  Maghreba aurouxi( Barrientos, 2019) gen. nov.; male and female from Morocco, SE of Zebzat (ZFMK Ar 22385, Ar 22386). 322. Left genital bulb, ventral (slightly distal) view; arrow: sperm duct opening. 323. Male cheliceral apophysis. 324–325. Male stridulatory file and corresponding largely smooth female cheliceral side. 326. Stridulatory pick on female palpal femur. 327. Male palpal tarsal organ. 328. Tarsal organ on male tarsus 3. 329. Female ALS. 330. Epigynum; arrows: pockets (pits). Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; vt = ventral teeth. Scale bars: 322, 330 = 100 µm; 323–325, 327–329 = 10 µm; 326 = 2 µm. The females from Boudenib are larger and have much longer legs (tibia 1: 9.6, 10.1; missing in third female), and the epigynal humps are barely visible, but they share the distinctive posterior processes of the internal dorsal arc ( one femalecleared).    Natural history All specimens were collected in caves or small cave-like shelters. Near Zebzat, the spiderswere abundant in a shallow cave, with their domed webs close to the ground. They were hanging in their webs rather than sitting on the rock surface. Between Irherm and Tiferki, the spiderswere only found in a small cave-like shelter of large rocks, while  M. saghro gen. et sp. nov.occupied a more epigean microhabitat, i.e., spaces among and under rocks.    Distribution The type locality and two further localities are in the eastern Moroccan Atlas ( Fig. 163B). The specimens from between Irherm and Tiferki are from almost 500 kmfurther west and therefore assigned tentatively. 4988768417 2001-06-01 F. Fadrique & O. Escola Morocco 1105 32.252 Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona 72 -3.159 Museo de Zoologia de Barcelona 85 86 1 1 Oriental holotype 4988768361 2018-09-20 SEM, ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar Morocco 1675 32.625 Ar 72 -4.54 85 86 17 10 7 Draa-Tafilalet 4988768579 2018-09-20 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar Morocco 1675 32.625 Mor 72 -4.54 85 86 4 3 1 Draa-Tafilalet 4988768434 2000-01-09 CRBA C. Hernando Morocco 31.94 Kef Aziza 728 -3.6 Boudenib 85 86 CRBA 3638 2 2 Draa-Tafilalet 4988769122 [364,1063,1905,1931] 2000-01-09 CRBA C. Hernando Morocco 31.94 Kef Aziza 728 -3.6 Boudenib 85 86 CRBA 3639 2 2 Draa-Tafilalet 4988768347 2000-01-09 CRBA C. Hernando Morocco 31.94 Kef Aziza 728 -3.6 Boudenib 85 86 CRBA 3736 1 1 Draa-Tafilalet 4988768357 2018-09-16 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar Morocco 1745 30.1406 Irherm 6 -8.3337 86 87 3 1 2 Souss-Massa 4988768968 [326,1212,370,397] 2018-09-16 ZFMK B. A. Huber & Ar Morocco 1745 30.1406 Irherm 6 -8.3337 86 87 1 1 Souss-Massa