Myripristis robusta Randall & Greenfield, 1996 Randall & Greenfield (1996: 56) Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records Fricke, Ronald Allen, Gerald R. Andréfouët, Serge Chen, Wei-Jen Hamel, Mélanie A. Laboute, Pierre Mana, Ralph Hui, Tan Heok Uyeno, Daisuke Zootaxa 2014 3832 1 1 247 B4P 47697 [151,328,1361,1387] Actinopterygii Holocentridae Animalia Beryciformes 39 40 Chordata family  DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africaeast to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Port Hedland (Western Australia), New Caledonia, Tongaand Austral Islands. Found in coral-rich areas of dropoffs and steep channel slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 25 m. Marine.    Myripristis berndti Jordan& Evermann, 1903—Blotcheye soldierfish, bigscale soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 23). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 15, CTR 21, CTR 26, CTR 30, CTR 31. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africaeast to Costa Rica, north to Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Midway islands, south to Western Australiaat 22°S, Lord Howe and Kermadec islands, and Rapa. Found in coral-rich areas of subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 50 m. Marine.    Myripristis chryseres Jordan& Evermann, 1903—Yellowfin soldier STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang based on USNM material (USNM 295579). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. South Africa, Comoresand western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Society islands, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Midway Atoll, south to Queensland ( Australia). Found on steep seaward reef slopes, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 12– 350 m. Marine.    Myripristis hexagona(Lacepède, 1802)—Doubletooth soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 35). BPBM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. South and East Africa east to Samoaand Tonga, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australiaat 20°29'S, Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 1– 40 m. Marine.    Myripristis kunteeValenciennesin Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1831—Shoulderbar soldierfish, epaulette soldierfish, pearly soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1987a: 176); record confirmed by Randall & Greenfield (1999: 2241, distribution map). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 14, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 24, CTR 32, CTR 33, and by Tan H. H. at St. PR 43 on 16 Nov. 2012; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Seychelles, Madagascarand Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japanand Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Tonga. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 2– 40 m. Marine.    Myripristis murdjan(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)—Pinecone soldierfish, blotcheye soldier, red soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 4. AMS and USNM material (AMS I.16671-010; USNM 387337, 387384, 387387). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africaeast to WakeAtoll, Midway Atoll, Samoaand Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australiaand New Caledonia. Found on subtidal reef flats, channels and margins of outer reef slopes, and also on rocky reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 0– 50 m. Marine.    Myripristis praliniaCuvierin Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1829—Scarlet soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1975: 68); record confirmed by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 42). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 25, CTR 28, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. AMS, CAS, KFRS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in caves or under ledges of reef flats, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 2– 50 m. Marine.     Myripristis robusta Randall & Greenfield, 1996—Robust soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. Reported from Madang in original description by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 43). BPBM and USNM material.  DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Philippinesand  PapuaNew Guinea. Found in sheltered reefs, frequently on steep slopes, among gorgonians or rocky outcrops, 30– 45 m. Marine.    Myripristis violaceaBleeker, 1851—Violet soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall & Greenfield (1996: 49). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 4, CTR 18, CTR 20, CTR 32; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS, NTUM, USNM and WAM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered areas of coastal, lagoon or seaward reefs, 2– 30 m. Marine.     Myripristis vittataValenciennesin Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1831—Immaculate soldier, white-tipped soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by  Randall & Greenfield (1996: 56). Specimens photographed at St. CTR 31, PR 113. CAS material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Madagascarand Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japanand Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledoniaand Tonga. Found in coral reefs, hiding in holes and crevices during the day, 3– 80 m. Marine.    Neoniphon argenteus(Valenciennes in Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1831)—Clearfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 25, CTR 26. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Marshalland Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Australiaand New Caledonia. Found among branching corals in coral-rich areas of reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, 0– 20 m. Marine.    Neoniphon opercularis(Valenciennes in Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1831)—Blackfin squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 17. CAS material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa and Réunioneast to Line Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. Found in coral and rocky reefs, 1– 25 m. Marine.    Neoniphon sammara(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)—Bloodspot squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 13, CTR 28, CTR 32. CAS material (CAS 65377). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascarand Mascarenes east to Line Islands and PitcairnGroup, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to Western Australiaat 20°33'S, Lord Howe Island, Tongaand Rapa. Found in seagrass beds and hard bottom habitats on lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, often associated with branching  Acroporacoral, 0– 46 m. Marine.    Plectrypops lima(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)—Roughscale soldierfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on WAM material (WAM P.30347-010). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Hawaiian and Easter islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australiaand Lord Howe Island. Solitary in caves and crevices of seaward reef slopes, 5– 40 m. Marine.    Sargocentron caudimaculatum(Rüppell, 1838)—Silverspot squirrelfish, tailspot squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 9, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 16, CTR 24, CTR 26, CTR 33; specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. NTUM and USNM material (NTUM 10207; USNM 288272, 301437, 382253, 382254, 382256). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East Africa and Transkei ( South Africa) east to Hawaiian Islands and PitcairnGroup, north to southern Japanand Minami Tori Shima, south to northern Australia, New Caledoniaand Tonga. Found in seaward reef areas, also in lagoons and around drop-offs, 2– 40 m. Marine.    Sargocentron cornutum(Bleeker, 1853)—Threespot squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as  Holocentrus cornutusby Herre (1933: 12); record confirmed by Randall (1998: 20). AMS, BPBM, CAS and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesiaand Philippineseast to Solomon Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found secretive at reef dropoffs and on outer reef slopes, 2– 30 m. Marine.    Sargocentron diadema(Lacepède [ex Commerson], 1802)—Crown squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 23). Specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 15, CTR 29. AMS, BPBM, SMF and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africaeast to Hawaiian Islands and PitcairnGroup, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australiaat 17°30'S, Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs, and Austral Islands. Found in shallow coral and rocky reefs, including tidal pools, 0– 60 m. Marine.    Sargocentron lepros(Allen & Cross, 1983)—Yelloweye squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on a specimen collected at St. CTR 29. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling and Christmas islands (eastern Indian Ocean) east to Samoaand Pitcairngroup, south to Chesterfield Islands ( New Caledonia). Living solitary and cryptic on outer reef slopes, 10– 45 m. Marine.    Sargocentron puntatissimum( Cuvierin Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1829)—Peppered squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on USNM and CAS material (CAS 65397; USNM 383240, 383248). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africaeast to Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island. Found in coastal and lagoon reefs and on reef flats, 0– 10 m. Marine.    Sargocentron rubrum(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)—Redcoat squirrelfish ( Fig. 32) STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 72); photographed by P. Laboute. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in coral and rocky reefs, often in silty reefs or around shipwrecks, 1– 84 m. Marine.    Sargocentron spiniferum(Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)—Sabre squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as  Holocentrus spiniferby Munro (1958: 146). Specimens photographed at St. CTR 20; a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. AMS, CAS, CSIRO, NTUM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to southern Japanand Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Living secretive in caves or around ledges in coral and rocky reefs, 1– 122 m. Marine.    Sargocentron tiere( Cuvierin Cuvier& Valenciennes, 1829)—Tahitian squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen, St. PR 221. NTUM material (NTUM 10209). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australiaand New Caledonia. In crevices of lagoon and seaward reefs, 1– 183 m. Marine.    Sargocentron tiereoides(Bleeker, 1853)—Pink squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. New recordfrom Madang, based on AMS, NTUM and USNM material (AMS I.16671- 915; NTUM 10156; USNM 293808, 384967, 384969, 384974). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 6– 45 m. Marine.    Sargocentron violaceum(Bleeker, 1853)—Violet squirrelfish STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Randall (1998: 90); a specimen collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay, another photographed by A. Berberian. BPBM, CAS, NTUM and USNM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Line Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found in clear water of coral-rich lagoon and seaward reefs, 1– 30 m. Marine.