Seale 1910 : 535 Herre 1953 : 762 Kottelat 2013 : 424 Herre 1927 : 122 Koumans 1940 : 184 Tomiyama 1936 : 68 Okada 1961 : 659 Neotype designation for Rhinogobius carpenteri Seale 1910, and its placement in Tukugobius Herre 1927 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) Endruweit, Marco Zootaxa 2017 4277 4 549 560 59KPD Seale 1910 Seale 1910 [151,583,1395,1421] Gobiidae Tukugobius CoL Animalia Perciformes 1 550 Chordata species carpenteri      Rhinogobius carpenteri  Seale 1910: 535( typelocality: Philippines: Luzon: Baguio; Trinidad River);   Herre1953: 762;   Kottelat2013: 424    Tukugobius carpenteri:  Herre 1927: 122;  Koumans 1940: 184    Gobius similis:  Tomiyama 1936: 68(in part)    Rhinogobius similis:  Okada 1961: 659(in part)    Neotype.  KIZ2016003044, 47.3mm SL, male; Philippines: BenguetProv.: La Trinidad town; Wangan River, Balili Riverdrainage; 16°27.965' N, 120°33.862' E, elevation 1245 m; coll. Endruweit, M.,  12–13 Aug. 2016.    Additional material.  KIZ2016003032–3043, 12specimens, 31.4–50.4 mmSL; same data as neotype.   Diagnosis.  Tukugobius carpenterican be readily distinguished from all species currently allocated in  Rhinogobiusby the presence of 7 pterygiophores supporting the first dorsal fin, and the first pterygiophore of the second dorsal fin inserted in interneural space 9, and from its congeners  T. bucculentusand  T. philippinusby the presence of a median naked strip along the full length of the belly. It is further characterized by having a relatively deep caudal peduncle with 16 circumpeduncular scales; 4–9 predorsal scales; an unscaled pectoral-fin base; modally 6 spines in the first dorsal fin; first dorsal fin not reaching origin of second dorsal fin when adpressed; a longitudinal cephalic lateralis system with a supraotic pore ω; cheek not inflated, covered with 80–100 small dark spots; the dorsal fins, and the caudal- and anal fin plain gray with a white distal band.   Description.Body anteriorly cylindrical, posteriorly compressed, proportions given in Table 1. Caudal peduncle short and deep; its depth 2.3–2.5 inits length in males, 2.0– 2.2 infemales. Head moderately long, slightly depressed, wider than deep. Eye small, dorsolateral, reaching dorsal profile when viewed laterally. Interorbital distance moderate. Anterior nostril tubular, short, failing to reach labial groove; posterior nostril with a low rim. Cheek not inflated; edge of preoperculum represents maximum width. Snout rounded. Mouth terminal, oblique, about 40° to body axis. Lips thick. Maxilla reaching a vertical through the anterior rim of orbit. Upper jaw protruding; both jaws with 4–5 alternating rows of small villiform teeth; outer row notably larger, recurved. Tongue tip widely rounded to nearly truncate, free. Mental frenum not fleshy or lobed, rectangular, broadly merged, with lower lip interrupting postlabial groove. Gill opening relatively narrow, ventrally not reaching isthmus, dorsally not reaching upper origin of pectoral fin ( Fig. 2). Pectoral girdle beneath operculum with a hardened, smooth edge. Gill rakers 3 + 5, moderate, coniform, tips curved downward. Genital papilla moderate, reaching origin of anal fin in large specimens; pointed in males, blunt in females. VC 11 + 17–18 [17, 17n] = 28–29, epurals 1; AP 2; DF 3- 22111*0, 3- 221110[3-22111*0, 3-22111*0n] ( Fig. 3).  Fins. D 1 VI–VII[VI, VI n]; D 2 I,8–9 [9, 9n]; A I,7–9 [8, 8n]; P 17–18 [18, 17n]; V I,5; C 7 + 7 branched rays. First dorsal-fin spine III or IV longest, non-filamentous, not reaching origin of second dorsal fin when adpressed. Second dorsal fin and anal fin reaching half way to caudal-fin base in males, not reaching base in females. Origin of anal fin inserted opposite of second to third branched ray of second dorsal fin. Pectoral fin oval, short, failing to reach anus. Pelvic-fin disk small, round, about as long as wide, spinous ray with a well-rounded membranous lobe; frenum high, with rounded lobes, distal margin crenate. Caudal fin spatulate with a rounded rear edge.  Scales. LL 34–38 [36, 36n]; TR 12–14 [12, 13n]; PD 4–9 [6, 6n]; SDP 11–15 [13, 13n]; CPS 16. Body with moderately large ctenoid scales; scales firmly attached; flank scales arranged in regular rows, somewhat irregular below first dorsal fin, not entirely reaching pectoral-fin axil. Anterior margin of predorsal squamation slightly bifurcate, laterally reaching forward to about pore τ, medially with small cycloid, deeply embedded scales in median line in front of first dorsal fin; abdominal squamation present between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins ( Fig. 2). Head, nape, prepectoral, prepelvic areas and median strip on belly naked with contiguous scales small, cycloid; a few minute cycloid scales immediately in front of anus in large females (e.g., KIZ 2016003032).   FIGURE 2.  Tukugobius carpenteri, KIZ 2016003044, neotype of  Rhinogobius carpenteri, 47.3 mm SL, cephalic lateralis system; arrows indicate gill opening; dotted lines indicate extent of squamation. Scale bar 2 mm.   FIGURE 3.  Tukugobius carpenteri, KIZ 2016003044, neotype of  Rhinogobius carpenteri, 47.3 mm SL, radiograph; arrow indicates position of the first dorsal fin’s seventh pterygiophore.  Cephalic lateralis system. Canals. Preorbital section of anterior oculoscapular canal with terminal pore σ mesially to anterior nostril; pore λ located on a vertical through the anterior rim of orbit; central pore κ located at about a vertical midline within the interorbital space; postorbital section of oculoscapular canal with supraotic pore ω located dorsolaterally, posterior to a vertical through pores α; pores α and ρ located laterally in oculoscapular groove. Posterior oculoscapular canal with two terminal pores Θ and τ. Terminal pores ρ and Θ well separated. Preopercular canal with pores γ, δ and ε along edge of preoperculum. Pores paired except κ.   TABLE 1.Frequency distribution of meristics of  Tukugobius carpenteri; superscript ‘n’ indicates neotype value; x = arithmetic mean. D1 D2 P A VI VII x I,8 9 x 1718 x I,7 8 9 x 10n 3 6.23 6 7n 8.54 6n 7 17.54 1 9n 3 8.15 LL PD TR 34 35 36 37 38 x 45 6 7 8 9 x 12 13 14x 2 2 4n 3 2 36.08 1 2 4n 3 2 1 6.46 8 4n 1 12.46 SDP DF VC  11 12 13 14 15 x22111*0 221110x 28 29 x 15 3n 3 1 12.85 10n 3 6.23 9n 4 28.31 Sensory papillae. Row awith about 8 papillae, slanting downward anteriorly, past a vertical through mid of orbit. Row bwith about 6 papillae, roughly S-shaped. Row crunning from beneath anterior nostril to about a vertical through posterior rim of orbit, with about 18 prominent papillae, last two papillae more widely separated from others. Row dwith about 28 papillae, running along labial groove to about posterior rim of orbit. Rows cand ddiverging. Row cpas a single papilla located anteriorly to the terminals of rows cand d. Opercular rows oswith 5 papillae, otwith 15 papillae and oiwith 5 papillae; otand oinot interconnected ( Fig. 2).   Coloration of preserved specimens. Notable sexual dichromatism within the examined material absent ( Fig. 1). Head and body beige, gradually darkening towards dorsum. Flank with coarse brown-gray mottling, notably less conspicuous below midlateral, not reaching ventral midline; 7–9 diffuse dusky brownish blotches along midlateral, sometimes coalesced; a conspicuous blackish bar at caudal-fin base connected over dorsum; a pupil-sized black spot at upper pectoral-fin base. Dorsum with 3 inconspicuous light beige saddles, one each in front of first and second dorsal fin and on caudal peduncle. Scales in longitudinal series variable, either dark brown basally to beige distally or dark gray to light gray. Predorsal area with coarse brown vermiculated pattern on a beige ground. Nape gray. Snout with a dorsal faint gray chevron-shaped mark. Cheek with 80–100 brown-gray small spots; spots about equal in size as posterior nasal opening, partially coalescent forming vermiform lines. Operculum plain gray, a few minute inconspicuous gray spots on the upper part in some specimens. Branchiostegal membrane plain gray. First dorsal fin plain dusky gray with a conspicuous broad white distal band, notably more inconspicuous posterior to spine IV. Second dorsal, caudal, and anal fin plain gray with a white distal band; a gray vertical mark along base of the caudal fin. Pectoral fin gray with brown-gray spots along its base. Pelvic fin light gray with a white distal band.   TABLE 2.Morphometrics of  Tukugobius carpenteri; SD = standard deviation.  neotype, male males (n=6) females (n=7) mean range SD mean range SD Standard length (mm) 47.3 31.4-47.3 32.4–50.4 In percent of HL    In percent of SL  Lateral HL 31.1 30.1 29.0–31.2 1.0 27.9 26.8–28.7 0.7  Predorsal length (D1) 40.2 39.2 37.7–40.4 1.1 38.0 37.1–38.9 0.6  Predorsal length (D2) 61.1 61.1 60.5–61.9 0.6 60.9 59.4–62.5 1.0  Prepelvic length 28.1 28.4 26.8–30.1 1.2 27.4 26.5–29.3 1.1  Preanal length 65.8 64.1 63.3–65.8 1.0 63.7 61.8–66.1 1.6  Pre-anus length 62.6 60.0 58.5–62.6 1.7 60.0 56.7–64.1 2.3  Head depth (at eye) 15.6 15.5 14.1–16.1 0.8 15.2 14.5–16.2 0.6  Head depth (at nape) 18.2 17.7 16.9–18.2 0.5 17.5 17.2–18.3 0.4  Body depth (D1 origin) 23.3 21.3 19.3–23.3 1.5 20.3 19.4–22.6 1.2  Body width (D1 origin) 19.2 18.4 17.4–19.2 0.8 18.6 16.1–20.8 1.6  Body width (A origin) 13.1 12.4 11.8–13.1 0.5 12.9 12.3–13.3 0.4  Caudal-peduncle depth 13.3 12.7 12.4–13.3 0.4 12.7 12.3–13.1 0.3  Caudal-peduncle length 19.9 20.9 19.9–21.8 0.9 22.3 20.4–24.7 1.8  Snout length 10.6 10.1 8.9–10.6 0.7 9.2 8.1–9.7 0.6  Head width (mid of eye) 16.5 16.3 15.1–17.0 0.8 15.3 13.9–16.0 0.8  Maximum head width 24.7 23.6 22.9–24.7 0.7 23.7 21.8–25.0 1.2  Head width (tip of operculum) 16.5 16.3 15.1–17.0 0.8 15.3 13.9–16.0 0.8  Eye diameter 6.3 6.6 6.2–7.4 0.5 6.1 5.6–7.4 0.7  Interorbital width 3.0 2.5 2.0–3.1 0.5 2.4 1.8–3.2 0.5  D1 base length 17.8 17.2 14.1–18.8 1.8 18.3 16.9–19.3 1.0  D2 base length 20.1 17.6 16.2–20.1 1.7 17.8 16.2–19.5 1.3  A base length 14.0 13.9 12.7–14.6 0.7 13.8 12.9–14.8 0.8  Pectoral-fin length 17.8 19.9 17.8–22.0 1.6 20.9 19.0–22.0 1.3 Snout length 34.0 33.6 30.2–35.9 2.2 33.1 29.1–36.3 2.5 Eye diameter 20.4 22.0 19.9–25.6 2.4 21.9 19.5–27.0 2.7 Postorbital length 53.1 50.7 48.7–53.1 1.8 50.5 44.6–55.9 3.6 Interorbital width 9.5 8.3 6.8–10.3 1.5 8.7 6.5–11.9 1.9 Maximum head width 79.6 78.5 73.5–80.3 2.8 85.1 78.6–94.1 5.5 Head width (tip of operculum) 53.1 54.2 50.8–58.1 2.7 54.9 51.9–58.6 2.3 Pectoral-fin length 57.1 66.2 57.1–70.6 5.5 74.9 69.4–79.3 4.1 Distribution.Known from the Lagben, Amburayan, Balili and Agno rivers, northern Luzon Island, Philippines( Fig. 4). It is usually the most common goby in mountainous streams above 700 melevation. Specimens from the Chico River listed as  Tukugobius carpenteriby Herre (1927)differ significantly in morphometrics, squamation and coloration and probably represent a population of  T. bucculentus(listed as  Tukugobiussp. G54 under comparative material).   FIGURE 4.Map of northern Luzon Island showing the collecting localities of  Tukugobius carpenteri. Arrow indicates the neotype locality. 1, Lagben River; 2, Amburayan R.; 3, Balili R.; 4, Agno R.; 5, Chico R.; 6, Cagayan R.  Ecology.The neotypeof  Rhinogobius carpenteriand other specimens were obtained from the Wangan River, a left bank tributary of the Balili River in the vicinity of the town of La Trinidad. Coexisting fish species were  Poecilia reticulataand  Xiphophorus hellerii. Locals reported the Weather loach,  Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, from the river. The slightly turbid, brownish, fast moving water had a temperature of 20 °C, a pH of 7.8, and a conductivity of 190 µS/cm ( Fig. 5). Specimen KIZ2016003032 was dissected and contained in average 1.9 mmlong and 1.2 mmwide eggs. 1569619008 Philippines Luzon Herre Trinidad River 1 550 1 Baguio holotype 1569619010 2016-08-12 2016-08-13 2016-08-12 KIZ Endruweit, M. Philippines La Trinidad town 1245 16.466084 Balili River 1 120.56437 Wangan River 1 550 KIZ 2016003044, 47.3 1 Benguet neotype 1569619009 [199,1354,1762,1787] 2016-08-12 2016-08-13 2016-08-12 KIZ Endruweit, M. Philippines La Trinidad town 1245 16.466084 Balili River 1 120.56437 Wangan River 1 550 KIZ 2016003032-3043, 12 1 Benguet