The medicinal plants of Myanmar DeFilipps, Robert A. Krupnick, Gary A. PhytoKeys 2018 2018-06-28 102 1 341 7DA4FDF3-69E8-4DC0-EDD4-24C4C301CB69 L. L. Magnoliopsida Bixaceae Bixa CoL Plantae Bixa orellana Malvales 35 36 Tracheophyta species orellana  Names.  Myanmar: thinbaw-tidin. English: achiote, annatto, lipstick-tree.  Range. Tropical America.  Uses.  Seed: Used as a febrifuge and astringent.  Notes. Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in Jain and DeFilipps (1991). Indigenous medicinal uses of this species in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) are described by Dagar and Singh (1999). The medicinal uses of this plant in the Caribbean region, as well as its chemistry, biological activity, toxicity, and dosages, are discussed by Germosen-Robineau(1997). The chemistry, pharmacology, history and medicinal uses of this species in Latin America are discussed in detail by Gupta (1995). The red dye from the seed arils contains a mixture of stereoisomers of bixin, a C-24 diapocarotenoid [having purgative action ( Lan et al. 1998)]; and, the leaf-oil is a rich source of numerous terpenes ( Mors et al. 2000).  Reference.  Nordal (1963).