A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna Moghaddam, Masumeh Zootaxa 2013 3632 1 1 107 Kaydan & Kozar Kaydan & Kozar [151,647,151,177] Insecta Pseudococcidae Chorizococcus Animalia Hemiptera 17 18 Arthropoda species viticola   DIAGNOSIS. Body of adult female oval. Antennae 8 segmented. Translucent pores present on hind tibia. Cerarii numbering 2 pairs situated on last two abdominal segments; anal lobe cerarii each with 2 conical setae, plus 34−49 trilocular pores and 3−8 auxiliary setae. Ostioles present. Circulus oval. Multilocular disc pores present ventrally on posterior edges of abdominal segments IV −VIII + IX. Oral rim ducts present dorsally on head, thorax, and all abdominal segments except segment VIII; also ventrally on margin of thorax and abdominal segments II and III. Ventral oral collar ducts usually present on last abdominal segments, and also dorsally across abdominal segments II −VIII.   DISTRIBUTION. Iranian. In Iran,  C. viticolaoccurs in Fars.   MATERIAL EXAMINED.  C. viticolawas collected from  Vitis vinifera(Vitaceae)at Beyza in Fars, Iran, in 2001 and 2003by Fallahzadeh.   COMMENTS.  C. viticolais most similar to  Spilococcus alhagii, both species having cup-shaped translucent pores on the hind tibia.  C. viticolacan readily be distinguished from  S. alhagiiin having only two true cerarii (15 or 16 pairs in  S. alhagii). Some cerarii-like structures have been observed on the margin on some specimens of  C. viticola, but there are never more than 11, and  C. viticolahas a greater number of oral-rim ducts on the dorsum than on  S. alhagii;  C. viticolaalso has oral collar tubular ducts on the dorsum of the last abdominal segment, which are absent on  S. alhagii.  C. viticolais the most important pest of grapevine in some parts of Fars, Iran. The damage caused by this pest has increased in recent years (Fallahzadeh et al. 2010). Fallahzadeh & Japoshvili (2010) described the parasitoid  Gyranusoidea iranicaJaposhvili and Fallahzadeh( Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on  C. viticola. The accompanying illustration and diagnosis are taken from Fallahzadeh et al.(2010) with kind permission from M. B. Kaydan.