Nitzsch, 1818 : 291 Burmeister, 1838 : 429 Denny, 1842 : 53 Nirmus elongatus Olfers, 1816: 88 Piaget, 1880 : 179 Kellogg & Chapman, 1899 : 93 Degeeriella brevipes Piaget Harrison, 1916 : 109 Degeeriella domestica Kellogg & Chapman, 1899 Harrison, 1916 : 112 Degeeriella elongata Denny Harrison, 1916 : 112 Degeeriella gracilis Nitzsch in Burmeister Harrison, 1916 : 114 Degeeiella gracilis ( Nitzsch, 1818 ) Séguy, 1944 : 312 Brueelia brevipes ( Piaget), 1880 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 54 Brueelia domestica ( Kellogg & Chapman), 1899 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 55 Brueelia elongata ( Denny), 1842 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 55 Br . gracilis Brueelia gracilis ( Burmeister), 1838 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 56 Eichler, 1953 : 338 Hirundiniella gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838 ) Złotorzycka, 1997 : 178 Hirundiniella domestica ( Kellogg & Chapman, 1899 ) Złotorzycka, 1997 : 178 Brueelia buettikeri ( Eichler, 1953 ) Price et al . 2003 : 153 Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key Bush, Sarah E. Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-31 4313 1 1 443 (Burmeister, 1838) Bush 2017 Burmeister 1838 [151,632,1376,1402] Insecta Philopteridae Acronirmus Animalia Phthiraptera 59 60 Arthropoda species gracilis     Philopterus( Nirmus) gracilis  Nitzsch, 1818: 291 nomen nudum.  Nirmus gracilis  Burmeister, 1838: 429.    Nirmus elongatus  Denny, 1842: 53 nec  Nirmus elongatusOlfers, 1816: 88.  Nirmus brevipes  Piaget, 1880: 179  new synonymy.    Nirmus longusvar. domesticus  Kellogg & Chapman, 1899: 93  new synonymy.  Degeeriella brevipesPiaget;  Harrison, 1916: 109.    Degeeriella domestica Kellogg & Chapman, 1899;  Harrison, 1916: 112.  Degeeriella elongataDenny;  Harrison, 1916: 112.    Degeeriella gracilisNitzsch in Burmeister;  Harrison, 1916: 114.  Degeeiella gracilis( Nitzsch, 1818);  Séguy, 1944: 312.    Brueelia brevipes( Piaget), 1880;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 54.    Brueelia domestica( Kellogg & Chapman), 1899;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 55.  Brueelia elongata( Denny), 1842;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 55(as junior synonym of   Br. gracilis).  Brueelia gracilis( Burmeister), 1838;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 56.  Acronirmus buettikeri  Eichler, 1953: 338  new synonymy.    Hirundiniella gracilis( Burmeister, 1838);  Złotorzycka, 1997: 178.  Hirundiniella domestica( Kellogg & Chapman, 1899);  Złotorzycka, 1997: 178.  Brueelia buettikeri( Eichler, 1953);  Price et al. 2003: 153.    Typehost.  Delichon urbicum urbicum( Linnaeus, 1758).  Type locality.None given, likely Germany.  Other hosts.  Cecropis abyssinica puella(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)– lesser striped-swallow new host record.  Cecropis abyssinica unitatis(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1942)—lesser striped-swallow new host record.  Cecropis badiaCassin, 1853—rufous-bellied swallow new host record.  Cecropis daurica erythropygia(Sykes, 1832)— red-rumped swallow new host record.  Cecropis daurica japonica(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)— red-rumped swallow new host record.  Cecropis daurica rufula(Temminck, 1835)— red-rumped swallow new host record.  Cecropsis senegalensis saturatior(Bannermann, 1923)— mosque swallow new host record.  Delichon dasypus cashmirensis(Gould, 1858)—Asian housemartin new host record.  Delichon dasypus dasypus(Bonaparte, 1850)—Asian house-martin new host record.  Hirundo aethiopica amadoniWhite, 1956— Ethiopian swallow new host record.  Hirundo angolensisBocage, 1868—  Angolaswallow new host record.  Hirundo rustica erythrogasterBoddaert, 1783— barn swallow new host record.  Hirundo rustica rustica Linnaeus, 1758— barn swallow[Ref.: Złotorzycka,1997: 179].  Hirundo rustica savigniiStephens, 1817— barn swallow new host record.  Hirundo rustica tytleriJerdon, 1864— barn swallow new host record.  Hirundo tahitica javanicaSparrman, 1789— Pacific swallow new host record.  Ptyonoprogne rupestris(Scopoli, 1769)—Eurasian cragmartin [Ref.: Blagoveshchensky 1951].  Riparia chinensis chinensis(Gray, 1830)—grey-throated martin new host record.  Riparia diluta indicaTicehurst, 1916—pale sand martin new host record.   Description. Both sexes. Head shape, structure, and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 85. Marginal carina widely interrupted laterally; the interruption of the carina is wider than the dorsal preantennal suture where it meets the lateral margin of the head. Dorsal anterior plate short, broadly pentagonal. Ventral anterior plate rounded. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate from main head plate. Ventral carinae very slender. Preantennal nodi not distinct. Coni very short. Preocular nodi small, rectangular. Postocular nodi small, not much wider than marginal temporal carina. Gular plate roundedly-triangular. Thoracic and abdominal segments as in genus description and Figs 83–84. 6 mmssetae on each side, alternating between long and short setae.   Male. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 83. Subgenital plate roughly triangular, narrowing only in distal third. Malegenitalia ( Fig. 86) dissimilar to those depicted by Fresca (1925: 287), apart from the general outline. Proximal mesosome broadly rounded, narrowed slightly at proximal third. Mesosomal lobes ( Fig. 87) short and broad, rugose or fringed distally, with two pmeson each side. Parameral heads ( Fig. 88) bifid anteriorly, but fingers very short. Parameral blades curved medianly, not much elongated distally; pst2setae, lateral near distal tip. Measurements ex  Cecropsis abyssinica puella(n = 1): TL = 1.49; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.22; AW = 0.24. Ex  C. badia(n = 2): TL = 1.43–1.46; HL = 0.32–0.34; HW = 0.24–0.25; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.20–0.23; AW = 0.22–0.32. Ex  C. daurica erythropygia(n = 1): TL = 1.40; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.23; PRW = 0.16; PTW = 0.20; AW = 0.25. Ex  C. daurica rufula(n = 1): TL = 1.69; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.29. Ex  C. senegalensis saturiator(n = 3): TL = 1.40–1.43; HL = 0.34–0.36; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.22–0.23; AW = 0.26–0.28. Ex  Delichon dasypus dasypus(n = 2): TL = 1.43–1.50; HL = 0.33–0.34; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.16; PTW = 0.21–0.23; AW = 0.27–0.28. Ex D. urbicum(n = 15): TL = 1.58–1.75 (1.63); HL = 0.34–0.37 (0.36); HW = 0.23–0.27 (0.25); PRW = 0.16–0.19 (0.17); PTW = 0.22–0.26 (0.24); AW = 0.26–0.34 (0.30). Ex  Hirundo aethiopica(n = 2): TL = 1.46–1.61; HL = 0.31–0.35; HW = 0.23–0.26; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.21–0.23; AW = 0.25–0.29. Ex  H. angolensis(n = 2): TL = 1.59–1.60; HL = 0.34; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.29–0.32. Ex  H. rustica rustica(n = 15): TL = 1.50–1.72 (1.60); HL = 0.34–0.37 (0.35); HW = 0.25–0.27 (0.26); PRW = 0.17–0.19 (0.17); PTW = 0.22–0.26 (0.24); AW = 0.25–0.34 (0.30). Ex H. r. savignii(n = 1): TL = 1.58; HL = 0.35; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.27. Ex H. r. tytleri(n = 1): TL = 1.52; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.27. Ex  H. tahitica javancia(n = 2): TL = 1.46–1.50; HL = 0.31–0.32; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.22; AW = 0.26–0.27. Ex  Riparia chinensis(n = 1): TL = 1.52; HL = 0.34; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.25.  Female. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 84. Female subgenital plate roughly pentagonal, with concave lateral margins ( Fig. 89). Vulval margin ( Fig. 89) with 3–4 short, slender vmson each side, and 5–7 short, thorn-like vsson each side; median vssprogressively longer; 3–4 slender voson each side. Measurements ex  Cecropsis abyssinica puella(n = 1): TL = 1.88; HL = 0.37; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.21; PTW = 0.28; AW = 0.36. Ex  C. a. unitatis(n = 1): TL = 1.85; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.24; AW = 0.38. Ex  C. badia(n = 1): TL = 1.80; HL = 0.37; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.24; AW = 0.39. Ex  C. daurica japonica(n = 1): TL = 1.82; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.33. Ex  C. d. rufula(n = 1): TL = 2.06; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.27; AW = 0.40. Ex  C. senegalensis saturiator(n = 1): TL = 1.79; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.26; AW = 0.35. Ex  Delichon dasypus cashmirensis(n = 1): TL = 1.82; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.31. Ex  D. d. dasypus(n = 1): TL = 1.80; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.28. Ex D. urbicum(n = 15): TL = 1.84–2.11 (1.95); HL = 0.37–0.41 (0.38); HW = 0.26–0.30 (0.28); PRW = 0.18–0.21 (0.19); PTW = 0.25–0.30 (0.27); AW = 0.29–0.38 (0.33). Ex  Hirundo aethiopica(n = 1): TL = 1.92; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.34. Ex  H. angolensis(n = 2): TL = 1.97–2.08; HL = 0.37–0.39; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.26–0.28; AW = 0.39– 0.41. Ex  H. rustica erythrogaster(n = 1): TL = 1.88; HL = 0.35; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.33. Ex H. r. rustica(n = 15): TL = 1.84–2.07 (1.94); HL = 0.37–0.41 (0.39); HW = 0.27–0.31 (0.29); PRW = 0.19–0.22 (0.20); PTW = 0.25–0.29 (0.27); AW = 0.32–0.38 (0.34). Ex H. r. savignii(n = 5): TL = 1.91–2.04; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.18–0.20; PTW = 0.25–0.27; AW = 0.29–0.35. Ex H. r. tytleri(n = 2): TL = 1.91–1.99; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.26–0.27; AW = 0.35–0.38. Ex  H. tahitica javanica(n = 3): TL = 1.79–1.92; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.19–0.20; PTW = 0.25–0.26; AW = 0.32–0.37. Ex  Ptyonoprogne rupestris(n = 2): TL = 2.03–2.05; HL = 0.39–0.40; HW = 0.29–0.30; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.27–0.28; AW = 0.39–0.40. Ex  Riparia diluta diluta(n = 2): TL = 1.98–2.07; HL = 0.37–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.19–0.20; PTW = 0.26–0.27; AW = 0.30–0.34.    Typematerial.Ex   Delichon urbicum urbicum: Holotype ♀, Ilkley, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, Denny Collection, [BM] 1852-98( NHML).  Paratypes: 2♀, same data as holotype( NHML). Ex   Hirundo rupestris: Holotype♀ of   Acronirmus buettikeri:Capri, Italy, Dec. 1885, A. König, 302b (MFNB).  Ex   Calidris ferruginea: Syntypesof   Brueelia brevipes:2♀, unknown locality, Piaget Collection, 767 (NHML).   Additional material examined (non-types)   Ex   Cecropsis abyssinica puella: 1♂, 1♀, Kumasi, [ Ashanti Region], Ghana,  30 Apr. 1966, F.R. Allison, BM 1966-291 ( NHML).    Ex   Cecropsis abyssinica unitatis: 1♀, Kenya,  Feb. 1930, R. Meinertzhagen, 6791 ( NHML).   Ex   Cecropsis badia: 1♂, Wang Blachun, Satun Province, Thailand,  8 Aug. 1967, 7E-1544, 24616 on reverse ( NHML);  1♂, “on road”, Krabi Province, Thailand,  28 Jun. 1962, W. Songprakob, RE-6317 (PIPeR);  1♀, Thap Put District,  Phang Nga Province, Thailand,  20 Aug. 1962, W. Songprakob, RE-6396 (PIPeR).   Ex   Cecropsis daurica erythropygia: 1♂, Yercaud, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India,  11 May 1970, XIE-951, 24613 on reverse ( NHML).  Ex   Cecropsis daurica japonica: 1♂, Mount Cagua, Philippines,  11 Jul. 2011, P4494 RMT121 (PIPeR); 1♀, Philippines, voucher for sequence Brsp.Hidau.10.25.2011.9 (PIPeR).  Ex   Cecropsis daurica rufula: 1♂, 1♀, “ M.M.”, Israel,  4 Aug. 1959, 80b/4, BM 1959-541 ( NHML).   Ex   Cecropsis senegalensis saturatior: 1♂, Kenya,  Jan. 1936, R, Meinertzhagen, 6214 ( NHML);  2♂, 1♀, Kenya,  Mar. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 7002 ( NHML).   Ex   Delichon dasypus cashmirensis: 1♀, Sankhuwasabha District, Kosi Zone,  EasternRegion, Nepal,  29 Jul. 1973, HE-0654 ( NMNH).   Ex   Delichon dasypus dasypus: 1♂, 1♀, Tachikawa Air Force Base, Tokyo, Japan,  31 May 1965, H.E. McClure, SE-1537–8, 16461 and 16464 on reverse ( OSUS);  1♂, Chino, Nagano Prefecture, Japan,  7 Jul. 1964, H.E. McClure, SE-1633, 16463 on reverse ( OSUS);  1♀, Fort Brooks, Malaysia,  26 Jan. 1963, M-02325, 16465 on reverse ( OSUS). Ex   Delichon urbicum urbicum: 1♂, Khuta Maji, Vwaza Marsh, Vwaza Wildlife Preserve, Malawi, 17 Oct. 2009, Swati Patel, FMNH-INS 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 59, voucher for sequence Brgr.2.9.2011.37 (FMNH); 1♂, 1♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Feb. 1953, S. Brelih, 2515, 2517 (NMNH); 3♂, 3♀, unknown locality and date, 50356, 50357, and 50406 (MFNB); 1♂, 1♀, Netherlands? [host name in Dutch], 24 Jul. 1937, Geihskers, 418 (MFNB); 1♀, Tolmin, Slovenia, 18 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 2520 (PMSL); 1♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Aug. 1953, F. Leben, 29 (PMSL); 5♂, 4♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Aug. 1953, S. Brelih, 216–8, 1987–8, 2029–30, 2513–4, 25–6, 2518–9 (PMSL); 1♂, 1♀, Stozice, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 25 Jul. 1978, D. Sere, 13589–90 (PMSL); 1♀, Tolmin, Slovenia, 18 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 16466 on reverse (OSUS); 1♂, 4♀, Bolton, United Kingdom, 2 Sep. 1953(NHML); 10♂, 4♀, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, Aug. 1946, R. Meinertzhagen, 15882 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, 26 Jul. 1965, Eskgrove Lab, BM 1965-641 (NHML); 1♀, Ross-Shire, Scotland, United Kingdom, Jul. 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 1230 (NHML); 5♂, 5♀, Barns Elm Reservoir, Surrey, England, United Kingdom, 27 Jul, 1965, C. A. Walker, BM 1965-307 (NHML); 1♀, Budds Farm Sweage Works, Bedhampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 20 May 1979, W. Sanders, BM 19789-308 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Bolton, Lancashire, United Kingdom, 28 Sep. 1958, A. Hazelwood, BM 1958-561 (NHML); 3♂, 4♀, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Jun. 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 1284 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Austey Hall, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, Sep. 1949, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 (NHML); 1♂, 6♀, Morocco, Nov. 1938, R. Meinertzhagen, 12129 (NHML).  Ex   Hirundo aethiopica amadoni: 2♂, 1♀, Somalia, Jan, 1949, R. Meinertzhagen, 18188 ( NHML).   Ex   Hirundo angolensis: 2♂, 2♀, “ Baluba Stream”, Zambia,  16 Nov. 1953, BM 1954-137, ML/110 ( NHML).   Ex   Hirundo rustica erythrogaster: 1♀, Orr’s Farm, Dugway, Tooele County, Utah, USA,  14 Jan. 1954, N.V. Chamberlain, 382 B-1601, 16450 on reverse ( OSUS).   Ex   Hirundo rustica rustica: 1♀, Ljubljane Okolica, Slovenia,  21 Apr. 1956, S. Brelih, 213 ( NMNH);  1♀, Miez. Wisl., Skowronki, Poland,  12 Sep. 1962, [J.] Złotorzycka, 18/a/7 ( MFNB); 2♂, unknown locality, Eichler Collection, 7005 (MFNB);  3♂, 1♀, Berlin, Germany,  26 Jun. 1952, Sanft, IN1388/1 ( MFNB);  2♂, 2♀, Sliven, Bulgaria,  26 May 1957, F. Balát( PMSL);  2♀, Idrija, Slovenia,  22 Aug. 1974, S. Brelih, 13000 ( PMSL);  1♂, 3♀, Stozice, Ljubljana, Slovenia,  12 Jul. 1977, D. Sere, 13015–13018 ( PMSL);  4♂, 1♀, Idrija, Slovenia,  18 Sep. 1977, D. Sere, 13121–13125 ( PMSL);  1♀, Jarseob Savi, Ljubljana, Slovenia,  1 Oct. 1980, D. Sere, 14040 ( PMSL);  1♂, 2♀, Cleveland, Yorkshire, United Kingdom,  21 May 1954, BM 1954-473 ( NHML);  1♀, Norfolk, United Kingdom,  29 Jun. 1969, M. Payne, BM 1970-259 ( NHML);  1♂, NorthStoke, Sussex, United Kingdom,  20 May 1937, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 ( NHML);  1♀, Hursley Road, Chandler’s Ford, Hampfordshire, United Kingdom,  10 Aug. 1978, W.P. SandersBM 1979-251 ( NHML);  4♂, 4♀, Ushant, Brittany, France,  Apr. 1935, R. Meinertzhagen, 3409, 3350 ( NHML);  2♂, Dollymount, Leinster County, Ireland,  7 Sep. 1938, O. Mahoney, BM 1980-40 ( NHML);  1♀, Tel Fara, Israel,  29 Sep. 1960, 1220/1 and BM 1961-403 ( NHML);  2♂, near Figuig, Morocco,  12 Apr. 1965, C. A. Walker, BM1965-307 ( NHML);  6♂, 16♀, Morocco,  Oct. 1938, R. Meinertzhagen, 12131 ( NHML);  1♂, 1♀, Slivem, Bulgaria,  26 May 1957, F. Balát, BM 1972-342 ( NHML).   Ex   Hirundo rustica savignii: 1♂, 5♀, Egypt,  Apr. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 4828 ( NHML).   Ex   Hirundo rustica tytleri: 1♂, 2♀, Imphal, Manipur, India,  13 Jan. 1952, R. Meinertzhagen, 19715 ( NHML). Ex   Hirundo rusticassp.[Material from Thailand and Malaysia is likely from either  H. r. gutturalisScopoli, 1786, or  H. r. tytleriJerdon, 1864]: 2♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17592 (PIPeR); 2♂, 2♀, Bangkok, Thailand, 18 Jan. 1966, MAPS-3870 (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, same data as previous (NHML); 2♂, 3♀, Bangkok, Thailand, 10 Mar. 1965, H.E. McClure, SE-1696, one slide marked 16455 on reverse (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17597 (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, Mount Brinchang, Pahang State, Malaysia, 14 Dec. 1961, M-00723 (OSUS); 3♂, no collection data, (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17597, PIPeR#116 (PIPeR)   Ex   Hirundo tahitica javanica: 2♂, 2♀, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Philippines,  8 Sep. 1965, MAPS 6E- 1263, 24614 and 24611 on reverse ( NHML);  1♀, Banjarmasin,  South Kalimantan Province, Borneo, Indonesia,  7 Jan. 1971, XIE-122, 015-71800, 24612 on reverse ( NHML).   Ex   Ptyonoprogne rupestris: 1♀, Dubrovnik, Croatia,  10 Jan. 1977, A Lesinger, 13560 ( PMSL);  1♀, Afghanistan,  May 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 10244 ( NHML).   Ex   Riparia chinensis chinensis: 1♂, Sind, India,  Jan. 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 10374 ( NHML).   Ex   Riparia diluta indica: 3♀, Peshawar, India,  Mar. 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 9234-35 ( NHML). Ex  “Mehlschwalbe”:3♀, unknown locality and date, IN 1335/44 (MFNB).   Remarks.First mentioned as  Philopterus( Nirmus) gracilisby Nitzsch (1818: 291), but this is a nomen nudum. When Burmeister (1838: 421)gave the first formal description of the species, he changed the typehost from  Hirundo rusticato  Delichon urbicum, which is therefore the correct typehost and author. We were unable to find any morphological differences among  Acronirmus gracilis,  Ac. buettikeri ,and  Ac. longus domesticusfrom their typehosts, or among these and most specimens of Acronirmusfrom other Old World hosts (see host list). Genetically, material from Eurasian D. urbicum,  H. rustica, and  Cecropsis dauricais virtually identical (Bush et al. 2016 and unpublished data). We therefore consider  Brueelia longus domesticusand  Ac. buettikerito be junior synonyms of   Br. gracilis. The original descriptions of all three species are poor, and modern redescriptions ( Złotorzycka 1997) of  Ac. gracilisand  Ac. domesticusare uninformative.   FIGURES 83–84.  Acronirmus gracilis(Burmeister, 1838)ex  Delichon urbicum urbicum: 83,male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 84,female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.   FIGURES 85–89.  Acronirmus gracilis(Burmeister, 1838)ex  Delichon urbicum urbicum: 85,male head, dorsal and ventral views. 86,male genitalia, dorsal view. 87,male mesosome, ventral view. 88,male paramere, dorsal view. 89,female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviations: POMC, postmarginal carina; PRMC, premarginal carina. We here report many new host records. Material examined from these hosts is morphologically inseparable from that of  D. urbicum. This suggests that virtually all Old World hosts from which Acronirmusare known are parasitised by the same species , Ac. gracilis. We have not seen any material of  Ac. tenuis( Burmeister, 1838), with typehost  Riparia riparia, but this louse species is very likely conspecific with  Ac. gracilis. Some material examined, ostensibly from  D. urbicum, is from outside the range of this host (see Turner & Rose 1994), and most likely collected from its close relative  D. dasypus, now often considered a separate species (see e.g. Sheldon et al. 2005). Other reports from  EastAsia(e.g. McClure & Ratanaworabhan 1973) may also refer to this host species, but the wintering ranges overlap (see Turner & Rose 1994). We have examined two females of  Bruelia brevipesfrom the Piaget Collection at the NHML, and both are  Ac. gracilis. The typehost of this species is  Tringa subarquata(=  Calidris ferrugineaPontoppidan, 1763), but extensive surveys of this host (DG, unpublished data) have revealed no specimens of Acronirmus. We therefore assume this is a straggler or a misattribution of the host, and do not list this host species in the checklist. In general, heads of both sexes are smaller towards southern localities (see measurements), with SoutheastAsian and Australasian specimens having smaller heads than European and Mediterranean specimens. This distinction does not hold for material from migratory species (  D. urbicum,  H. rustica ,and  C. daurica), which contain both small-headed and large-headed specimens collected from the same general areas. We therefore do not presently attach any significance to these differences. Potentially, this could be evidence of a difference between small-headed lice on host wintering grounds in Africa or South-EastAsia, and large-headed lice on host breeding grounds in temperate Eurasia. The material available to us from wintering grounds of the hosts is not sufficient to test this hypothesis. This louse species has an unusually wide host range, and we can only speculate about why it infests so many host species across Eurasia, Africa, and NorthAmerica. Hippoboscid flies are common on swallows (DG, pers. obs.) and may provide means of transmission by phoresy. Keirans (1975)listed a single record of phoresy on a hippoboscid fly taken from a swallow. There may also be opportunities for direct contact among those host species that have overlapping wintering or breeding grounds. 1587279538 1966-04-30 NHML F. R. Allison Ghana Ex Kumasi 61 62 2 1 1 Ashanti Region 1587279557 [199,1234,992,1017] 1930-02 NHML R. Meinertzhagen Kenya Ex 61 62 1 1 1587279567 1967-08-08 NHML Thailand Ex Wang Blachun 61 62 1 1 Satun Province 1587279574 [266,1276,1065,1090] 1962-06-28 W. Songprakob Thailand Krabi Province 61 62 1 1 Krabi Province 1587279556 1962-08-20 W. Songprakob Thailand Thap Put District 61 62 1 1 Phang Nga Province 1587279578 1970-05-11 NHML India Salem District Ex Yercaud 61 62 1 1 Tamil Nadu 1587279559 2011-07-11 Philippines Mount Cagua 61 62 2 1 1 1587279522 [199,1322,1284,1309] 1959-08-04 NHML W.M. Mann Israel Israel 61 62 2 1 1 1587279552 [199,1325,1321,1346] 1936-01 NHML Meinertzhagen Kenya Ex 61 62 1 1 1587279553 1936-03 NHML R. Meinertzhagen Kenya Kenya 61 62 3 1 2 1587279562 1973-07-29 NMNH Nepal Eastern Region Ex Sankhuwasabha District 61 62 1 1 Kosi Zone 1587279568 1965-05-31 OSUS H. E. McClure Japan Ex Tachikawa Air Force Base 61 62 2 1 1 Tokyo 1587279560 1964-07-07 OSUS H. E. McClure Japan Chino 61 62 1 1 Nagano Prefecture 1587279527 1963-01-26 OSUS Malaysia Fort Brooks 61 62 1 1 1587279581 [199,1313,334,359] NHML R. Meinertzhagen Somalia Somalia 62 63 3 1 2 1587279525 [199,1428,371,396] 1953-11-16 NHML Zambia Ex Baluba Stream 62 63 4 2 2 1587279554 1954-01-14 OSUS N. V. Chamberlain United States of America Tooele County Ex Dugway 62 63 1 1 Utah 1587279580 [199,1380,480,505] 1956-04-21 NMNH S. Brelih Slovenia Ex Ljubljane Okolica 62 63 1 1 1587279592 1962-09-12 MFNB Zlotorzycka Poland Miez. Wisl. Skowronki 62 63 1 1 1587279583 [464,1241,553,578] 1952-06-26 MFNB Sanft, IN Germany Berlin 62 63 4 1 3 Berlin 1587279584 1957-05-26 PMSL F. Balat Bulgaria Sliven 62 63 4 2 2 Sliven 1587279572 [632,1332,590,615] 1974-08-22 PMSL S. Brelih Slovenia Idrija 62 63 2 2 Idrija 1587279615 1977-07-12 PMSL D. Sere Slovenia Stozice 62 63 4 3 1 Ljubljana 1587279588 1977-09-18 PMSL D. Sere Slovenia Idrija 62 63 5 1 4 Idrija 1587279569 [518,1383,663,688] 1980-10-01 PMSL D. Sere Slovenia Jarse Savi 62 63 1 1 Ljubljana 1587279564 1954-05-21 NHML United Kingdom Cleveland Yorkshire 62 63 3 2 1 1587279589 1969-06-29 NHML M. Payne United Kingdom Norfolk 62 63 1 1 Norfolk 1587279595 1937-05-20 NHML G. B. Thompson United Kingdom Sussex 62 63 1 1 North 1587279599 1978-08-10 NHML W. P. Sanders United Kingdom Hampfordshire Hursley Road Chandler's Ford 62 63 1 1 1587279576 1935-04 NHML R. Meinertzhagen France Ushant 62 63 8 4 4 Brittany 1587279607 [332,1382,846,871] 1938-09-07 NHML O. Mahoney Ireland Leinster County Dollymount 62 63 2 2 1587279579 1960-09-29 NHML Israel Tel Fara 62 63 1 1 1587279551 1965-04-12 NHML Walker, BM Morocco Figuig 62 63 2 2 A 1587279575 [542,1325,919,944] 1938-10 NHML Meinertzhagen Morocco Morocco 62 63 22 16 6 1587279582 1957-05-26 NHML F. Balat Bulgaria Slivem 62 63 2 1 1 1587279587 [199,1228,992,1017] 1936-04 NHML R. Meinertzhagen Egypt Ex 62 63 6 5 1 1587279593 [199,1437,1028,1053] 1952-01-13 NHML R. Meinertzhagen India Ex Imphal 62 63 3 2 1 Manipur 1587279586 1965-09-08 NHML Philippines Ex Calatagan 62 63 MAPS 6 4 2 2 Batangas Province 1587279550 1971-01-07 NHML Indonesia Banjarmasin Borneo 62 63 1 1 South Kalimantan Province 1587279603 [199,1374,1467,1492] 1977-01-10 PMSL Lesinger Croatia Dubrovnik Ex 62 63 1 1 A 1587279546 1937-05 NHML R. Meinertzhagen Afghanistan Afghanistan 62 63 1 1 1587279570 [199,1280,1540,1565] 1937-01 NHML R. Meinertzhagen India Ex 62 63 1 1 Sind 1587279605 [199,1286,1576,1601] 1937-03 NHML R. Meinertzhagen India Ex Peshawar 62 63 3 3