Nitzsch, 1818 : 291
Burmeister, 1838 : 429
Denny, 1842 : 53
Nirmus elongatus Olfers, 1816: 88
Piaget, 1880 : 179
Kellogg & Chapman, 1899 : 93
Degeeriella brevipes Piaget
Harrison, 1916 : 109
Degeeriella domestica Kellogg & Chapman, 1899
Harrison, 1916 : 112
Degeeriella elongata Denny
Harrison, 1916 : 112
Degeeriella gracilis Nitzsch in Burmeister
Harrison, 1916 : 114
Degeeiella gracilis ( Nitzsch, 1818 )
Séguy, 1944 : 312
Brueelia brevipes ( Piaget), 1880
Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 54
Brueelia domestica ( Kellogg & Chapman), 1899
Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 55
Brueelia elongata ( Denny), 1842
Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 55
Br . gracilis
Brueelia gracilis ( Burmeister), 1838
Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 56
Eichler, 1953 : 338
Hirundiniella gracilis ( Burmeister, 1838 )
Złotorzycka, 1997 : 178
Hirundiniella domestica ( Kellogg & Chapman, 1899 )
Złotorzycka, 1997 : 178
Brueelia buettikeri ( Eichler, 1953 )
Price et al . 2003 : 153
Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key
Bush, Sarah E.
Zootaxa
2017
2017-08-31
4313
1
1
443
(Burmeister, 1838)
Bush
2017
Burmeister
1838
[151,632,1376,1402]
Insecta
Philopteridae
Acronirmus
Animalia
Phthiraptera
59
60
Arthropoda
species
gracilis
Philopterus( Nirmus) gracilis Nitzsch, 1818: 291 nomen nudum. Nirmus gracilis Burmeister, 1838: 429. Nirmus elongatus Denny, 1842: 53 nec Nirmus elongatusOlfers, 1816: 88. Nirmus brevipes Piaget, 1880: 179 new synonymy. Nirmus longusvar. domesticus Kellogg & Chapman, 1899: 93 new synonymy. Degeeriella brevipesPiaget; Harrison, 1916: 109. Degeeriella domestica Kellogg & Chapman, 1899; Harrison, 1916: 112. Degeeriella elongataDenny; Harrison, 1916: 112. Degeeriella gracilisNitzsch in Burmeister; Harrison, 1916: 114. Degeeiella gracilis( Nitzsch, 1818); Séguy, 1944: 312. Brueelia brevipes( Piaget), 1880; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 54. Brueelia domestica( Kellogg & Chapman), 1899; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 55. Brueelia elongata( Denny), 1842; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 55(as junior synonym of Br. gracilis). Brueelia gracilis( Burmeister), 1838; Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 56. Acronirmus buettikeri Eichler, 1953: 338 new synonymy. Hirundiniella gracilis( Burmeister, 1838); Złotorzycka, 1997: 178. Hirundiniella domestica( Kellogg & Chapman, 1899); Złotorzycka, 1997: 178. Brueelia buettikeri( Eichler, 1953); Price et al. 2003: 153.
Typehost. Delichon urbicum urbicum( Linnaeus, 1758). Type locality.None given, likely Germany. Other hosts. Cecropis abyssinica puella(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)– lesser striped-swallow new host record. Cecropis abyssinica unitatis(Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1942)—lesser striped-swallow new host record. Cecropis badiaCassin, 1853—rufous-bellied swallow new host record. Cecropis daurica erythropygia(Sykes, 1832)— red-rumped swallow new host record. Cecropis daurica japonica(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)— red-rumped swallow new host record. Cecropis daurica rufula(Temminck, 1835)— red-rumped swallow new host record. Cecropsis senegalensis saturatior(Bannermann, 1923)— mosque swallow new host record. Delichon dasypus cashmirensis(Gould, 1858)—Asian housemartin new host record. Delichon dasypus dasypus(Bonaparte, 1850)—Asian house-martin new host record. Hirundo aethiopica amadoniWhite, 1956— Ethiopian swallow new host record. Hirundo angolensisBocage, 1868— Angolaswallow new host record. Hirundo rustica erythrogasterBoddaert, 1783— barn swallow new host record. Hirundo rustica rustica Linnaeus, 1758— barn swallow[Ref.: Złotorzycka,1997: 179]. Hirundo rustica savigniiStephens, 1817— barn swallow new host record. Hirundo rustica tytleriJerdon, 1864— barn swallow new host record. Hirundo tahitica javanicaSparrman, 1789— Pacific swallow new host record. Ptyonoprogne rupestris(Scopoli, 1769)—Eurasian cragmartin [Ref.: Blagoveshchensky 1951]. Riparia chinensis chinensis(Gray, 1830)—grey-throated martin new host record. Riparia diluta indicaTicehurst, 1916—pale sand martin new host record.
Description. Both sexes. Head shape, structure, and chaetotaxy as in Fig. 85. Marginal carina widely interrupted laterally; the interruption of the carina is wider than the dorsal preantennal suture where it meets the lateral margin of the head. Dorsal anterior plate short, broadly pentagonal. Ventral anterior plate rounded. Dorsal preantennal suture completely separates dorsal anterior plate from main head plate. Ventral carinae very slender. Preantennal nodi not distinct. Coni very short. Preocular nodi small, rectangular. Postocular nodi small, not much wider than marginal temporal carina. Gular plate roundedly-triangular. Thoracic and abdominal segments as in genus description and Figs 83–84. 6 mmssetae on each side, alternating between long and short setae. Male. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 83. Subgenital plate roughly triangular, narrowing only in distal third. Malegenitalia ( Fig. 86) dissimilar to those depicted by Fresca (1925: 287), apart from the general outline. Proximal mesosome broadly rounded, narrowed slightly at proximal third. Mesosomal lobes ( Fig. 87) short and broad, rugose or fringed distally, with two pmeson each side. Parameral heads ( Fig. 88) bifid anteriorly, but fingers very short. Parameral blades curved medianly, not much elongated distally; pst2setae, lateral near distal tip. Measurements ex Cecropsis abyssinica puella(n = 1): TL = 1.49; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.22; AW = 0.24. Ex C. badia(n = 2): TL = 1.43–1.46; HL = 0.32–0.34; HW = 0.24–0.25; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.20–0.23; AW = 0.22–0.32. Ex C. daurica erythropygia(n = 1): TL = 1.40; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.23; PRW = 0.16; PTW = 0.20; AW = 0.25. Ex C. daurica rufula(n = 1): TL = 1.69; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.29. Ex C. senegalensis saturiator(n = 3): TL = 1.40–1.43; HL = 0.34–0.36; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.22–0.23; AW = 0.26–0.28. Ex Delichon dasypus dasypus(n = 2): TL = 1.43–1.50; HL = 0.33–0.34; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.16; PTW = 0.21–0.23; AW = 0.27–0.28. Ex D. urbicum(n = 15): TL = 1.58–1.75 (1.63); HL = 0.34–0.37 (0.36); HW = 0.23–0.27 (0.25); PRW = 0.16–0.19 (0.17); PTW = 0.22–0.26 (0.24); AW = 0.26–0.34 (0.30). Ex Hirundo aethiopica(n = 2): TL = 1.46–1.61; HL = 0.31–0.35; HW = 0.23–0.26; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.21–0.23; AW = 0.25–0.29. Ex H. angolensis(n = 2): TL = 1.59–1.60; HL = 0.34; HW = 0.25; PRW = 0.16–0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.29–0.32. Ex H. rustica rustica(n = 15): TL = 1.50–1.72 (1.60); HL = 0.34–0.37 (0.35); HW = 0.25–0.27 (0.26); PRW = 0.17–0.19 (0.17); PTW = 0.22–0.26 (0.24); AW = 0.25–0.34 (0.30). Ex H. r. savignii(n = 1): TL = 1.58; HL = 0.35; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.27. Ex H. r. tytleri(n = 1): TL = 1.52; HL = 0.33; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.27. Ex H. tahitica javancia(n = 2): TL = 1.46–1.50; HL = 0.31–0.32; HW = 0.24; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.22; AW = 0.26–0.27. Ex Riparia chinensis(n = 1): TL = 1.52; HL = 0.34; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.25. Female. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 84. Female subgenital plate roughly pentagonal, with concave lateral margins ( Fig. 89). Vulval margin ( Fig. 89) with 3–4 short, slender vmson each side, and 5–7 short, thorn-like vsson each side; median vssprogressively longer; 3–4 slender voson each side. Measurements ex Cecropsis abyssinica puella(n = 1): TL = 1.88; HL = 0.37; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.21; PTW = 0.28; AW = 0.36. Ex C. a. unitatis(n = 1): TL = 1.85; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.24; AW = 0.38. Ex C. badia(n = 1): TL = 1.80; HL = 0.37; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.24; AW = 0.39. Ex C. daurica japonica(n = 1): TL = 1.82; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.23; AW = 0.33. Ex C. d. rufula(n = 1): TL = 2.06; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.27; AW = 0.40. Ex C. senegalensis saturiator(n = 1): TL = 1.79; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.26; AW = 0.35. Ex Delichon dasypus cashmirensis(n = 1): TL = 1.82; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.31. Ex D. d. dasypus(n = 1): TL = 1.80; HL = 0.36; HW = 0.26; PRW = 0.17; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.28. Ex D. urbicum(n = 15): TL = 1.84–2.11 (1.95); HL = 0.37–0.41 (0.38); HW = 0.26–0.30 (0.28); PRW = 0.18–0.21 (0.19); PTW = 0.25–0.30 (0.27); AW = 0.29–0.38 (0.33). Ex Hirundo aethiopica(n = 1): TL = 1.92; HL = 0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.34. Ex H. angolensis(n = 2): TL = 1.97–2.08; HL = 0.37–0.39; HW = 0.29; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.26–0.28; AW = 0.39– 0.41. Ex H. rustica erythrogaster(n = 1): TL = 1.88; HL = 0.35; HW = 0.27; PRW = 0.18; PTW = 0.25; AW = 0.33. Ex H. r. rustica(n = 15): TL = 1.84–2.07 (1.94); HL = 0.37–0.41 (0.39); HW = 0.27–0.31 (0.29); PRW = 0.19–0.22 (0.20); PTW = 0.25–0.29 (0.27); AW = 0.32–0.38 (0.34). Ex H. r. savignii(n = 5): TL = 1.91–2.04; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.18–0.20; PTW = 0.25–0.27; AW = 0.29–0.35. Ex H. r. tytleri(n = 2): TL = 1.91–1.99; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.26–0.27; AW = 0.35–0.38. Ex H. tahitica javanica(n = 3): TL = 1.79–1.92; HL = 0.36–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.19–0.20; PTW = 0.25–0.26; AW = 0.32–0.37. Ex Ptyonoprogne rupestris(n = 2): TL = 2.03–2.05; HL = 0.39–0.40; HW = 0.29–0.30; PRW = 0.19; PTW = 0.27–0.28; AW = 0.39–0.40. Ex Riparia diluta diluta(n = 2): TL = 1.98–2.07; HL = 0.37–0.38; HW = 0.28–0.29; PRW = 0.19–0.20; PTW = 0.26–0.27; AW = 0.30–0.34.
Typematerial.Ex Delichon urbicum urbicum: Holotype ♀, Ilkley, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, Denny Collection, [BM] 1852-98( NHML). Paratypes: 2♀, same data as holotype( NHML). Ex Hirundo rupestris: Holotype♀ of Acronirmus buettikeri:Capri, Italy, Dec. 1885, A. König, 302b (MFNB).
Ex Calidris ferruginea: Syntypesof Brueelia brevipes:2♀, unknown locality, Piaget Collection, 767 (NHML).
Additional material examined (non-types) Ex Cecropsis abyssinica puella: 1♂, 1♀, Kumasi, [ Ashanti Region], Ghana, 30 Apr. 1966, F.R. Allison, BM 1966-291 ( NHML).
Ex Cecropsis abyssinica unitatis: 1♀, Kenya, Feb. 1930, R. Meinertzhagen, 6791 ( NHML). Ex Cecropsis badia: 1♂, Wang Blachun, Satun Province, Thailand, 8 Aug. 1967, 7E-1544, 24616 on reverse ( NHML); 1♂, “on road”, Krabi Province, Thailand, 28 Jun. 1962, W. Songprakob, RE-6317 (PIPeR); 1♀, Thap Put District, Phang Nga Province, Thailand, 20 Aug. 1962, W. Songprakob, RE-6396 (PIPeR). Ex Cecropsis daurica erythropygia: 1♂, Yercaud, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, 11 May 1970, XIE-951, 24613 on reverse ( NHML). Ex Cecropsis daurica japonica: 1♂, Mount Cagua, Philippines, 11 Jul. 2011, P4494 RMT121 (PIPeR); 1♀, Philippines, voucher for sequence Brsp.Hidau.10.25.2011.9 (PIPeR). Ex Cecropsis daurica rufula: 1♂, 1♀, “ M.M.”, Israel, 4 Aug. 1959, 80b/4, BM 1959-541 ( NHML). Ex Cecropsis senegalensis saturatior: 1♂, Kenya, Jan. 1936, R, Meinertzhagen, 6214 ( NHML); 2♂, 1♀, Kenya, Mar. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 7002 ( NHML). Ex Delichon dasypus cashmirensis: 1♀, Sankhuwasabha District, Kosi Zone, EasternRegion, Nepal, 29 Jul. 1973, HE-0654 ( NMNH). Ex Delichon dasypus dasypus: 1♂, 1♀, Tachikawa Air Force Base, Tokyo, Japan, 31 May 1965, H.E. McClure, SE-1537–8, 16461 and 16464 on reverse ( OSUS); 1♂, Chino, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, 7 Jul. 1964, H.E. McClure, SE-1633, 16463 on reverse ( OSUS); 1♀, Fort Brooks, Malaysia, 26 Jan. 1963, M-02325, 16465 on reverse ( OSUS). Ex Delichon urbicum urbicum: 1♂, Khuta Maji, Vwaza Marsh, Vwaza Wildlife Preserve, Malawi, 17 Oct. 2009, Swati Patel, FMNH-INS 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 59, voucher for sequence Brgr.2.9.2011.37 (FMNH); 1♂, 1♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Feb. 1953, S. Brelih, 2515, 2517 (NMNH); 3♂, 3♀, unknown locality and date, 50356, 50357, and 50406 (MFNB); 1♂, 1♀, Netherlands? [host name in Dutch], 24 Jul. 1937, Geihskers, 418 (MFNB); 1♀, Tolmin, Slovenia, 18 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 2520 (PMSL); 1♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Aug. 1953, F. Leben, 29 (PMSL); 5♂, 4♀, Borovnica, Slovenia, 25 Aug. 1953, S. Brelih, 216–8, 1987–8, 2029–30, 2513–4, 25–6, 2518–9 (PMSL); 1♂, 1♀, Stozice, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 25 Jul. 1978, D. Sere, 13589–90 (PMSL); 1♀, Tolmin, Slovenia, 18 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 16466 on reverse (OSUS); 1♂, 4♀, Bolton, United Kingdom, 2 Sep. 1953(NHML); 10♂, 4♀, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, Aug. 1946, R. Meinertzhagen, 15882 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, 26 Jul. 1965, Eskgrove Lab, BM 1965-641 (NHML); 1♀, Ross-Shire, Scotland, United Kingdom, Jul. 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 1230 (NHML); 5♂, 5♀, Barns Elm Reservoir, Surrey, England, United Kingdom, 27 Jul, 1965, C. A. Walker, BM 1965-307 (NHML); 1♀, Budds Farm Sweage Works, Bedhampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom, 20 May 1979, W. Sanders, BM 19789-308 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Bolton, Lancashire, United Kingdom, 28 Sep. 1958, A. Hazelwood, BM 1958-561 (NHML); 3♂, 4♀, Suffolk, United Kingdom, Jun. 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 1284 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Austey Hall, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, Sep. 1949, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 (NHML); 1♂, 6♀, Morocco, Nov. 1938, R. Meinertzhagen, 12129 (NHML). Ex Hirundo aethiopica amadoni: 2♂, 1♀, Somalia, Jan, 1949, R. Meinertzhagen, 18188 ( NHML). Ex Hirundo angolensis: 2♂, 2♀, “ Baluba Stream”, Zambia, 16 Nov. 1953, BM 1954-137, ML/110 ( NHML). Ex Hirundo rustica erythrogaster: 1♀, Orr’s Farm, Dugway, Tooele County, Utah, USA, 14 Jan. 1954, N.V. Chamberlain, 382 B-1601, 16450 on reverse ( OSUS). Ex Hirundo rustica rustica: 1♀, Ljubljane Okolica, Slovenia, 21 Apr. 1956, S. Brelih, 213 ( NMNH); 1♀, Miez. Wisl., Skowronki, Poland, 12 Sep. 1962, [J.] Złotorzycka, 18/a/7 ( MFNB); 2♂, unknown locality, Eichler Collection, 7005 (MFNB); 3♂, 1♀, Berlin, Germany, 26 Jun. 1952, Sanft, IN1388/1 ( MFNB); 2♂, 2♀, Sliven, Bulgaria, 26 May 1957, F. Balát( PMSL); 2♀, Idrija, Slovenia, 22 Aug. 1974, S. Brelih, 13000 ( PMSL); 1♂, 3♀, Stozice, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12 Jul. 1977, D. Sere, 13015–13018 ( PMSL); 4♂, 1♀, Idrija, Slovenia, 18 Sep. 1977, D. Sere, 13121–13125 ( PMSL); 1♀, Jarseob Savi, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1 Oct. 1980, D. Sere, 14040 ( PMSL); 1♂, 2♀, Cleveland, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, 21 May 1954, BM 1954-473 ( NHML); 1♀, Norfolk, United Kingdom, 29 Jun. 1969, M. Payne, BM 1970-259 ( NHML); 1♂, NorthStoke, Sussex, United Kingdom, 20 May 1937, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 1♀, Hursley Road, Chandler’s Ford, Hampfordshire, United Kingdom, 10 Aug. 1978, W.P. SandersBM 1979-251 ( NHML); 4♂, 4♀, Ushant, Brittany, France, Apr. 1935, R. Meinertzhagen, 3409, 3350 ( NHML); 2♂, Dollymount, Leinster County, Ireland, 7 Sep. 1938, O. Mahoney, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 1♀, Tel Fara, Israel, 29 Sep. 1960, 1220/1 and BM 1961-403 ( NHML); 2♂, near Figuig, Morocco, 12 Apr. 1965, C. A. Walker, BM1965-307 ( NHML); 6♂, 16♀, Morocco, Oct. 1938, R. Meinertzhagen, 12131 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Slivem, Bulgaria, 26 May 1957, F. Balát, BM 1972-342 ( NHML). Ex Hirundo rustica savignii: 1♂, 5♀, Egypt, Apr. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 4828 ( NHML). Ex Hirundo rustica tytleri: 1♂, 2♀, Imphal, Manipur, India, 13 Jan. 1952, R. Meinertzhagen, 19715 ( NHML). Ex Hirundo rusticassp.[Material from Thailand and Malaysia is likely from either H. r. gutturalisScopoli, 1786, or H. r. tytleriJerdon, 1864]: 2♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17592 (PIPeR); 2♂, 2♀, Bangkok, Thailand, 18 Jan. 1966, MAPS-3870 (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, same data as previous (NHML); 2♂, 3♀, Bangkok, Thailand, 10 Mar. 1965, H.E. McClure, SE-1696, one slide marked 16455 on reverse (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17597 (OSUS); 1♂, 1♀, Mount Brinchang, Pahang State, Malaysia, 14 Dec. 1961, M-00723 (OSUS); 3♂, no collection data, (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Phayuha Khiri District, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, 8 Mar. 1953, R.E. Elbel, RE-1659, RT-B-17597, PIPeR#116 (PIPeR) Ex Hirundo tahitica javanica: 2♂, 2♀, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Philippines, 8 Sep. 1965, MAPS 6E- 1263, 24614 and 24611 on reverse ( NHML); 1♀, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Province, Borneo, Indonesia, 7 Jan. 1971, XIE-122, 015-71800, 24612 on reverse ( NHML). Ex Ptyonoprogne rupestris: 1♀, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 10 Jan. 1977, A Lesinger, 13560 ( PMSL); 1♀, Afghanistan, May 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 10244 ( NHML). Ex Riparia chinensis chinensis: 1♂, Sind, India, Jan. 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 10374 ( NHML). Ex Riparia diluta indica: 3♀, Peshawar, India, Mar. 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 9234-35 ( NHML). Ex “Mehlschwalbe”:3♀, unknown locality and date, IN 1335/44 (MFNB).
Remarks.First mentioned as Philopterus( Nirmus) gracilisby Nitzsch (1818: 291), but this is a nomen nudum. When Burmeister (1838: 421)gave the first formal description of the species, he changed the typehost from Hirundo rusticato Delichon urbicum, which is therefore the correct typehost and author. We were unable to find any morphological differences among Acronirmus gracilis, Ac. buettikeri ,and Ac. longus domesticusfrom their typehosts, or among these and most specimens of Acronirmusfrom other Old World hosts (see host list). Genetically, material from Eurasian D. urbicum, H. rustica, and Cecropsis dauricais virtually identical (Bush et al. 2016 and unpublished data). We therefore consider Brueelia longus domesticusand Ac. buettikerito be junior synonyms of Br. gracilis. The original descriptions of all three species are poor, and modern redescriptions ( Złotorzycka 1997) of Ac. gracilisand Ac. domesticusare uninformative. FIGURES 83–84. Acronirmus gracilis(Burmeister, 1838)ex Delichon urbicum urbicum: 83,male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 84,female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. FIGURES 85–89. Acronirmus gracilis(Burmeister, 1838)ex Delichon urbicum urbicum: 85,male head, dorsal and ventral views. 86,male genitalia, dorsal view. 87,male mesosome, ventral view. 88,male paramere, dorsal view. 89,female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviations: POMC, postmarginal carina; PRMC, premarginal carina. We here report many new host records. Material examined from these hosts is morphologically inseparable from that of D. urbicum. This suggests that virtually all Old World hosts from which Acronirmusare known are parasitised by the same species , Ac. gracilis. We have not seen any material of Ac. tenuis( Burmeister, 1838), with typehost Riparia riparia, but this louse species is very likely conspecific with Ac. gracilis. Some material examined, ostensibly from D. urbicum, is from outside the range of this host (see Turner & Rose 1994), and most likely collected from its close relative D. dasypus, now often considered a separate species (see e.g. Sheldon et al. 2005). Other reports from EastAsia(e.g. McClure & Ratanaworabhan 1973) may also refer to this host species, but the wintering ranges overlap (see Turner & Rose 1994). We have examined two females of Bruelia brevipesfrom the Piaget Collection at the NHML, and both are Ac. gracilis. The typehost of this species is Tringa subarquata(= Calidris ferrugineaPontoppidan, 1763), but extensive surveys of this host (DG, unpublished data) have revealed no specimens of Acronirmus. We therefore assume this is a straggler or a misattribution of the host, and do not list this host species in the checklist. In general, heads of both sexes are smaller towards southern localities (see measurements), with SoutheastAsian and Australasian specimens having smaller heads than European and Mediterranean specimens. This distinction does not hold for material from migratory species ( D. urbicum, H. rustica ,and C. daurica), which contain both small-headed and large-headed specimens collected from the same general areas. We therefore do not presently attach any significance to these differences. Potentially, this could be evidence of a difference between small-headed lice on host wintering grounds in Africa or South-EastAsia, and large-headed lice on host breeding grounds in temperate Eurasia. The material available to us from wintering grounds of the hosts is not sufficient to test this hypothesis. This louse species has an unusually wide host range, and we can only speculate about why it infests so many host species across Eurasia, Africa, and NorthAmerica. Hippoboscid flies are common on swallows (DG, pers. obs.) and may provide means of transmission by phoresy. Keirans (1975)listed a single record of phoresy on a hippoboscid fly taken from a swallow. There may also be opportunities for direct contact among those host species that have overlapping wintering or breeding grounds.
1587279538
1966-04-30
NHML
F. R. Allison
Ghana
Ex
Kumasi
61
62
2
1
1
Ashanti Region
1587279557
[199,1234,992,1017]
1930-02
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
Kenya
Ex
61
62
1
1
1587279567
1967-08-08
NHML
Thailand
Ex
Wang Blachun
61
62
1
1
Satun Province
1587279574
[266,1276,1065,1090]
1962-06-28
W. Songprakob
Thailand
Krabi Province
61
62
1
1
Krabi Province
1587279556
1962-08-20
W. Songprakob
Thailand
Thap Put District
61
62
1
1
Phang Nga Province
1587279578
1970-05-11
NHML
India
Salem District
Ex
Yercaud
61
62
1
1
Tamil Nadu
1587279559
2011-07-11
Philippines
Mount Cagua
61
62
2
1
1
1587279522
[199,1322,1284,1309]
1959-08-04
NHML
W.M. Mann
Israel
Israel
61
62
2
1
1
1587279552
[199,1325,1321,1346]
1936-01
NHML
Meinertzhagen
Kenya
Ex
61
62
1
1
1587279553
1936-03
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
Kenya
Kenya
61
62
3
1
2
1587279562
1973-07-29
NMNH
Nepal
Eastern Region
Ex
Sankhuwasabha District
61
62
1
1
Kosi Zone
1587279568
1965-05-31
OSUS
H. E. McClure
Japan
Ex
Tachikawa Air Force Base
61
62
2
1
1
Tokyo
1587279560
1964-07-07
OSUS
H. E. McClure
Japan
Chino
61
62
1
1
Nagano Prefecture
1587279527
1963-01-26
OSUS
Malaysia
Fort Brooks
61
62
1
1
1587279581
[199,1313,334,359]
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
Somalia
Somalia
62
63
3
1
2
1587279525
[199,1428,371,396]
1953-11-16
NHML
Zambia
Ex
Baluba Stream
62
63
4
2
2
1587279554
1954-01-14
OSUS
N. V. Chamberlain
United States of America
Tooele County
Ex
Dugway
62
63
1
1
Utah
1587279580
[199,1380,480,505]
1956-04-21
NMNH
S. Brelih
Slovenia
Ex
Ljubljane Okolica
62
63
1
1
1587279592
1962-09-12
MFNB
Zlotorzycka
Poland
Miez. Wisl.
Skowronki
62
63
1
1
1587279583
[464,1241,553,578]
1952-06-26
MFNB
Sanft, IN
Germany
Berlin
62
63
4
1
3
Berlin
1587279584
1957-05-26
PMSL
F. Balat
Bulgaria
Sliven
62
63
4
2
2
Sliven
1587279572
[632,1332,590,615]
1974-08-22
PMSL
S. Brelih
Slovenia
Idrija
62
63
2
2
Idrija
1587279615
1977-07-12
PMSL
D. Sere
Slovenia
Stozice
62
63
4
3
1
Ljubljana
1587279588
1977-09-18
PMSL
D. Sere
Slovenia
Idrija
62
63
5
1
4
Idrija
1587279569
[518,1383,663,688]
1980-10-01
PMSL
D. Sere
Slovenia
Jarse
Savi
62
63
1
1
Ljubljana
1587279564
1954-05-21
NHML
United Kingdom
Cleveland
Yorkshire
62
63
3
2
1
1587279589
1969-06-29
NHML
M. Payne
United Kingdom
Norfolk
62
63
1
1
Norfolk
1587279595
1937-05-20
NHML
G. B. Thompson
United Kingdom
Sussex
62
63
1
1
North
1587279599
1978-08-10
NHML
W. P. Sanders
United Kingdom
Hampfordshire
Hursley Road
Chandler's Ford
62
63
1
1
1587279576
1935-04
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
France
Ushant
62
63
8
4
4
Brittany
1587279607
[332,1382,846,871]
1938-09-07
NHML
O. Mahoney
Ireland
Leinster County
Dollymount
62
63
2
2
1587279579
1960-09-29
NHML
Israel
Tel Fara
62
63
1
1
1587279551
1965-04-12
NHML
Walker, BM
Morocco
Figuig
62
63
2
2
A
1587279575
[542,1325,919,944]
1938-10
NHML
Meinertzhagen
Morocco
Morocco
62
63
22
16
6
1587279582
1957-05-26
NHML
F. Balat
Bulgaria
Slivem
62
63
2
1
1
1587279587
[199,1228,992,1017]
1936-04
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
Egypt
Ex
62
63
6
5
1
1587279593
[199,1437,1028,1053]
1952-01-13
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
India
Ex
Imphal
62
63
3
2
1
Manipur
1587279586
1965-09-08
NHML
Philippines
Ex
Calatagan
62
63
MAPS 6
4
2
2
Batangas Province
1587279550
1971-01-07
NHML
Indonesia
Banjarmasin
Borneo
62
63
1
1
South Kalimantan Province
1587279603
[199,1374,1467,1492]
1977-01-10
PMSL
Lesinger
Croatia
Dubrovnik
Ex
62
63
1
1
A
1587279546
1937-05
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
62
63
1
1
1587279570
[199,1280,1540,1565]
1937-01
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
India
Ex
62
63
1
1
Sind
1587279605
[199,1286,1576,1601]
1937-03
NHML
R. Meinertzhagen
India
Ex
Peshawar
62
63
3
3