Nitzsch, 1818 : 291
Kéler, 1936a : 257
Rékási & Saxena, 2005: 88
Brueelia
Tendeiro & Mendes, 1994: 124
Brueelia
Mirandofures fasciata
Sychra et al .], 2010a : 61
Brueelia
Mirandofures kamena
Tendeiro & Mendes, 1994: 125
Brueelia
Ansari, 1955b: 56
Brueelia
Eichler, 1957: 580
Brueelia
Lakshminarayana, 1969 : 62
Kellogg & Chapman, 1902: 158
Brueelia
Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key
Bush, Sarah E.
Zootaxa
2017
2017-08-31
4313
1
1
443
Gustafsson & Bush
Bush
2017
[151,568,1124,1150]
Insecta
Philopteridae
Mirandofures
Animalia
Phthiraptera
65
66
Arthropoda
genus
gen. nov.
Nirmus Nitzsch, 1818: 291( in partim). Brueelia Kéler, 1936a: 257( in partim).
Type species. Mirandofures kamena new species
Diagnosis.The structure of the male genitalia of Mirandofures n. gen.( Figs 94–96, 102–104) suggests a close relationship with Brueelia s. str.( Figs 45–47), Teinomordeus n. gen.( Figs 79–81), Sychraella n. gen.( Figs 110– 112), and Anarchonirmus n. gen.( Figs 118–120), yet members of all these genera (except Br. phasmasoma n. sp., Fig. 58) lack a dorsal preantennal suture and have uninterrupted marginal carina. In contrast, the marginal carina of Mirandofures( Figs 92, 100) is interrupted laterally, and these interruptions are connected transversally by a suture that does not reach or approach the anterior end of the head. This dorsal preantennal suture pattern is unique within the Brueelia-complex. The marginal carina of some species within Brueelia s. str.widens at the osculum, but this pattern is never as extreme in Brueelia s. str.as in Mirandofureswhere the wideing forms a marginal carinal plate ( Fig. 92). Malegenitalia of Mirandofuresare variable ( Figs 94–96, 102–104), with some being more similar to those of Brueelia s. str.( Figs 45–47) and some more similar to those of Teinomordeus( Figs 79–81). In Mirandofures( Figs 96, 104) pst1is distal to pst2, which is similar to Sychraella( Fig. 112), but unlike in Brueelia s. str.( Fig. 47), Teinomordeus( Fig. 81), Acronirmus( Fig. 88), and Anarchonirmus( Fig. 120).
Description. Both sexes. Head drop-shaped to trapezoidal ( Figs 92, 100). Preantennal area much elongated in some species ( Fig. 92). Marginal carina interrupted only laterally, deeply displaced dorsally and posteriorly at osculum. Displaced section in many species widened into distinct marginal carinal plate. Ventral anterior plate present. Ventral carinae typically continuous with marginal carina but diffuse anteriorly in some species. Dorsal preantennal suture arises from lateral interruptions of marginal carina and is transversally continuous; dorsal anterior plate roughly triangular. Head setae as in Figs 92, 100; as3, pns, and posabsent; as1often minute and hard to see; vsms1much longer than vsms2; adslocated in transversal suture. Coni moderate, blunt. Antennae sexually dimorphic, with male scapes ( Figs 92, 100) longer and thicker than female scapes ( Figs 93, 101). Pedicel and flagellomeres often slightly longer in male than in female. Temporal carinae not visible; mts3only macrosetae. Gular plate long, spade-shaped. Prothorax ( Figs 90–91, 98–99) square to slightly rectangular; ppsson postero-lateral corner. Proepimera slender median ends; hook- or hammer-shaped. Pterothorax trapezoidal ( Figs 90–91, 98–99); lateral margins moderately divergent; posterior margin flat or rounded convergent to blunt median point; mmswidely to moderately separated medianly. Meso- and metasterna not fused, either with one seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of both plates, or with setae only on postero-lateral corners of metasternum. Metasternum typically much larger than mesosternum. Metepisternum very broad: median ends blunt. Distance between coxae II–III much larger than between coxae I–II. Third pair of legs typically noticeably longer than others. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25except fI-d1, fI-p2, fI-v4, fII-v2, fIII-v2absent. Abdomen drop-shaped in male ( Figs 90, 98), elongated oval in female ( Figs 91, 99). Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Tables 2and 4. The most lateral tpsis often longer than more median tps, but it is not associated with the sensillus of the psps, and therefore we do not interpret these as pspshere (however Mirandofures fasciataSychra[in Sychra et al.], 2010a, has setae that appears to be pspsand aps; but we have not examined any material of this species). Tergopleurites square to rectangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female narrowly divided medianly. Sternal plates medianly continuous, broad, approaching pleurites. Pleural incrassations with dorsal and ventral median margins. Re-entrant heads elaborate, hook-shaped. Malesubgenital plate broadly trapezoidal ( Fig. 90) to T-shaped ( Fig. 98) reaching posterior margin of abdomen. Female subgenital plate variable ( Figs 97, 105; see also e.g. Mi. amandavae Rékási & Saxena, 2005). Vulval margin ( Figs 97, 105) with slender vms, thorn-like vss; vosforms transversal row on posterior end of segment VII, with some setae scattered posterior to subgenital plate in some species (e.g. Mi. kamena n. sp., Fig. 97). TABLE 4.Chaetotaxy of abdominal segments II–VIII of males of some Mirandofures. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all species, and are not listed. Sets of setae differing from those of Mi. kamenaare highlighted in bold. Material examined from all species is from their respective type hosts. Abbreviations: aps= accessory post-spiracular seta; psps= principal post-spiracular seta; ps= paratergal seta; ss= sutural seta; sts= sternal seta; tps= tergal posterior seta. Species ps aps psps tps ss sts Mi. kamena n. sp. IV–VIII – – IV–VIII V–VIII II–VI Mi. fasciata III–VIII V–VII V–VII IV–VII IV–VII II–VI Mi. amandavaeand Mi. stenozona III–VIII – VI–VII IV–VIII V–VIII II–VI Malegenitalia as in Figs 94–96, 102–104. Basal apodeme rectangular, with or without constriction at midlength; posterior margin indented medianly. Proximal mesosome oval or trapezoidal, small. Gonopore ( Figs 95, 103) closed proximally. Mesosomal lobes small, typically densely rugose along distal and lateral margins. Up to 3 pmesvisible on each side near gonopore. Parameral heads blunt ( Fig. 104) or shallowly bifid ( Fig. 96) Parameral blades typically elongated triangular, but may be much extended distally as in Mirandofures altoguineae( Fig. 104); pst1sensillus, located distal to pst2and at or near distal tip of parameres; pst2microseta, lateral. Both pst1–2often hard to see.
Host distribution. Mirandofuresis so far known mainly from members of the Estrildidae. Apart from the species listed below, we have seen material from a range of genera within this family, indicating that Mirandofuresmay be found throughout the Estrildidae. Geographical range. Mirandofuresappears to occur throughout the range of the host family, with species described from Africa, Asia, and Australasia.
Etymology. Mirandofuresis a combination of Latin “ miranda”, meaning “worthy of admiration”, and Latin “fur”, meaning “thief”, with the arbitrary ending “ es”. Gender: feminine.
Remarks. Mirandofuresformed a monophyletic clade in the phylogenies of Balakrishnan & Sorensen (2006)and Bush et al. (2016). In the Balakrishnan & Sorensen (2006)study, the Brueelia-complex lice on the Estrildidaewere placed in a polytomy with other clades which may all be Brueelia s. str., but we have not studied their material, and no identifications to species level were given in their paper. In their COI-only tree ( Balakrishnan & Sorensen 2006: fig. 3), the group from the Estrildidaeis placed as a sister group to a taxon we suspect is Brueelia s. str.This placement was echoed roughly in Bush et al. (2016), where Mirandofures(“Clade J”) forms a sister group to Acronirmus, and together these are placed as a sister group to Brueelia s. str.In Bush et al’s. (2016) analysis, the Mirandofuresterminal taxa show several deep divisions, possibly reflecting the large differences in male genitalia found in the genus. Mirandofures kamenais placed as a sister to all other Mirandofures, perhaps reflecting the unique shape of the female subgenital plate found in this species. Included species * Mirandofures altoguineae new species
* Mirandofures amandavae( Rékási & Saxena, 2005: 88) n. comb.[in Brueelia] Mirandofures astrildae( Tendeiro & Mendes, 1994: 124) n. comb.[in Brueelia] Mirandofures fasciata(Sychra [in Sychra et al.], 2010a: 61) n. comb.[in Brueelia] * Mirandofures kamena new species Mirandofures lonchurae( Tendeiro & Mendes, 1994: 125) n. comb.[in Brueelia] Mirandofures munia( Ansari, 1955b: 56) n. comb.[in Brueelia] * Mirandofures muniae( Eichler, 1957: 580) n. comb.[in Brueelia] [1 ] Brueelia eichleri Lakshminarayana, 1969: 62 new synonymy * Mirandofures stenozona( Kellogg & Chapman, 1902: 158) n. comb.[in Brueelia] [1 ] Asingle letter is technically sufficient to prevent homonymy according to article 57.6 of the I.C.Z.N (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). We therefore reinstate Eichler's name.
1587279636
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
A
67
68
1
A