Denny, 1842 : 51 Denny, 1852 : 18 Giglioli, 1864 : 23 Degeeriella mandarina Giglioli, 1864 Harrison, 1916 : 117 Degeeriella merulae Denny, 1852 Harrison, 1916 : 118 D . merulensis Degeeriella merulensis Denny, 1842 Harrison, 1916 : 118 Turdinirmus merulensis (Denny) Eichler, 1951b : 15 Eichler, 1951b : 15 Brueelia mandarina ( Giglioli), 1864 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 58 Bl . merulensis Brueelia merulae ( Denny), 1852 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 58 Bl . merulensis Brueelia merulensis ( Denny), 1842 Hopkins & Clay, 1952 : 58 Turdinirmus merulensis Złotorzycka, 1997 : 176 Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key Bush, Sarah E. Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-31 4313 1 1 443 (Denny, 1842) Denny 1842 [151,623,377,403] Insecta Philopteridae Turdinirmus GBIF Animalia Phthiraptera 118 119 Arthropoda species merulensis     Nirmus merulensis  Denny, 1842: 51.    Nirmus merulae  Denny, 1852: 18.    Nirmus mandarinus  Giglioli, 1864: 23.    Degeeriella mandarina Giglioli, 1864;  Harrison, 1916: 117.    Degeeriella merulae Denny, 1852;  Harrison, 1916: 118[as junior synonym of  D. merulensis].  Degeeriella merulensis Denny, 1842;  Harrison, 1916: 118.    Turdinirmus merulensis(Denny);  Eichler, 1951b: 15.     Turdinirmus mandarinus(Giglioli);  Eichler, 1951b: 15.     Brueelia mandarina( Giglioli), 1864;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 58[as junior synonym of  Bl. merulensis].  Brueelia merulae( Denny), 1852;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 58[as junior synonym of  Bl. merulensis].  Brueelia merulensis( Denny), 1842;  Hopkins & Clay, 1952: 58.  Turdinirmus merulensis s. str.( Denny, 1842);  Złotorzycka, 1997: 176.    Typehost.  Turdus merula merula Linnaeus, 1758— Eurasian blackbird.    Typelocality. Leeds, United Kingdom.  Other hosts.  Turdus merula aterrimus(Madarasz, 1903)— Eurasian blackbird[Ref.: Blagoveshchensky 1940].  Turdus merula mandarinusBonaparte, 1850— Eurasian blackbird.  Turdus merula syriacusHemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833— Eurasian blackbird.  Turdus pallidusGmelin, 1789— pale thrush[Ref.: Eichler 1951: 15].   Description. Both sexes. Head shape, structure, and chaetotaxy as in genus description and Fig. 184. In some specimens dorsal preantennal suture reaches lateral margin of head. Thoracic and abdominal segments as in genus description and Figs 183–184.  Male. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 183. Basal apodeme elongated trapezoidal ( Fig. 185). Proximal mesosome flattened trapezoidal, comparatively large for genus. Gonopore ( Fig. 186) as convergent ventral thickenings, open distally and proximally. Mesosomal lobes wide, thickened marginally, with papillate sections submedianly; 2–3 pmesclustered very closely together near distal margin of mesosome, often not visible. Parameral heads ( Fig. 187) bifid, fingers broad and blunt. Parameral blades broad, roughly triangular; pst1–2as in genus description. Measurements ex  Turdus merula merula(n = 26): TL = 1.78–2.07 (1.96); HL = 0.47–0.52 (0.49); HW = 0.49–0.55 (0.52); PRW = 0.27–0.33 (0.31); PTW = 0.40–0.47 (0.43); AW = 0.52–0.67 (0.60). Ex  T. m. syriacus(n = 3): TL = 1.95–2.07; HL = 0.49–0.51; HW =0.52–0.56; PRW = 0.31–0.32; PTW = 0.40–0.43; AW = 0.52–0.55. Ex  T. pallidus(n = 2): TL = 1.95–1.97; HL = 0.50–0.51; HW = 0.52–0.53; PRW = 0.30–0.31; PTW = 0.43–0.44; AW = 0.59–0.63.  Female. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in Table 2and Fig. 184. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 188) roughly pentagonal, with wide median section approaching vulval margin. Vulval margin ( Fig. 188) gently rounded, with submarginal fold along most of length; 9–10 short, slender vmson each side, and 9–11 short, thorn-like vsson each side; 4–5 long, slender voson each side; distal vosmedian to vss. Measurements ex  Turdus merula merula(n = 32): TL = 1.99–2.54 (2.24); HL = 0.47–0.57 (0.52); HW = 0.51–0.63 (0.56); PRW = 0.28–0.36 (0.33); PTW = 0.41–0.53 (0.46); AW = 0.47–0.75 (0.65). Ex  T. m. syriacus(n = 3): TL = 2.23–2.31; HL = 0.52–0.53; HW = 0.56–0.57; PRW = 0.33–0.34; PTW = 0.45–0.46; AW = 0.55–0.62. Ex  T. pallidus(n = 4): TL = 2.07–2.32; HL = 0.51–0.56; HW = 0.54–0.61; PRW = 0.31–0.35; PTW = 0.44–0.49; AW = 0.62–0.64.     Typematerial.Ex   Turdus merula merula: Holotype ♂, Leeds, England, Denny Collection, BM  1952-98( NHML).   Paratypes: 11♀, same data as holotype ( NHML).  Additional material examined (non-types) Ex   Turdus merula merula: 6♂, 13♀, Hoy,  Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, Oct. 1938( OSUS); 10♂, 10♀, same locality as previous, Aug. 1938, G.H.E. Hopkins ( NHML); 3♂, 12♀,  Orkney Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom, Aug. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 11644 ( NHML); 26♂, 50♀, same locality as previous, Aug. 1938, R. Meinertzhagen, 11279–80, 11421 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, South Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom, Jan. 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 89 ( NHML); 4♀, Scotland, United Kingdom, Jun. 1938, P.A. Clancey, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 4♂, 1♀, Arran, Scotland, United Kingdom, Oct. 1943, R. Meinertzhagen, 14876, 14895 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Perthshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, Oct. 1935, R. Meinertzhagen, 4330 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Fair Isle, Shetlands, Scotland, United Kingdom, 27 May 1955, Brit. Mus. 1955-785 ( NHML); 2♂, 1♀, same locality as previous, 18 Jun. 1954, 29693, Brit. Mus. 1954-566 ( NHML); 1♂, Thibisten [?], Shetlands, Scotland, United Kingdom, 20 oct. 1910, J. W[aterston?], BM 1930-232. 1♀, Skokholm, Pembrokeshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, 287 ( NHML); 1♂, 8♀, Llandulas, Denbighshire, Wales, United Kingdom, 6 Apr. 1936, M. Mitchell, BM 1980-40 ( NHML) [marked “compared with type”]. 1♂, 4♀, Bed Colwyn, Denbighshire, Wales, United Kingdom, 6 Apr. 1936, M. Mitchell, BM 1989-40 ( NHML); 1♀, Bardsey Island, Wales, United Kingdom, 14 Nov. 1952, G.B. T[hompson?], BM-1980-40 ( NHML); 1♀, same data as previous, except 17 Nov. 1952( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, “Northern Norfolk”, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom, 30 Jun. 1969, M. Payne, Brit. Mus. 1970-259 ( NHML); 3♂, 1♀, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom, Jan. 1940, R Meinertzhagen, 14040 ( NHML); 8♂, 20♀, Kent, England, United Kingdom, Feb. 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 8333 ( NHML); 2♀, The Thorn, Baltham[?], Kent, England, United Kingdom, 11 Jul. 1931, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 5♂, 5♀, Bowan[?], Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom, 29 May 1952, G.B. Thompson, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Hereford [ Herefordshire], England, United Kingdom, 31 Oct. 1963, Eskgrove Lab, Brit. Mus. 1964-102 ( NHML); 2♂, 6♀, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom, Aug. 1936, R. Meinertzhagen, 4918 ( NHML); 4♀, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom, May 1935, R. Meinertzhagen, 3456 ( NHML); 5♂, 3♀, GibraltarPoint Bird Observatory, Lincolnshire, England, United Kingdom, 17 Jun. 1950, L. Ottaway, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 4♀, Somerset, England, United Kingdom, May 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 910 ( NHML); 2♂, 2♀, Surrey, England, United Kingdom, 16 Jun. 1966, Lasswade Veterinary Lab, Brit. Mus. 1967-154 ( NHML); 4♂, 4♀, Lundy Bird Observatory, England, United Kingdom, 28 Jul. 1952, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom, R.S. George, Brit. Mus. 1957-297 ( NHML); 3♀, Blois [Loir-et-Cher], France, May 1934, R. Meinertzhagen, 1046 ( NHML); 1♂, 2♀, “NE Poland”, Poland, Aug. 1935, R. Meinertzhagen, 4136 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 30 Oct. 1954, S. Brelih, 1568–70( NHML); 1♂, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 5 Aug. 1958, S. Brelih, 424 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Senj [as “Zengg”], Croatia, 10 Jan. 1912, F. Dobiasch ( NHML); 3♂, 3♀, Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand, 29 Oct. 1962, G.A. Samuelson, 207A, Brit. Mus. 1966-201 ( NHML); 1♂, 1♀, same locality as previous, 24 Dec. 1966, D.S.I.R., N.Z., Brit. Mus. 1968-401 ( NHML); 22♀, Tharandt, Germany[?], 29 May 1948, H. Richter, IN 1296/4/2( MFNB) [stomachs of these lice are on a separate slide]. 1♀, Seidelbadsee, Germany[?], 5 Jul. 1952( MFNB) [taken from  Ornithomyia avicularia]. 1♂, 2♀, Kent, England, United Kingdom, May 1937, R. Meinertzhagen, 10689 [Meinertzhagen No.], 930 [Eichler No.] ( MFNB); 1♀, Zelistnewo, Poland, 17 Sep. 1962, Gromadzki, 14/e/33 ( MFNB); 4♂, 5♀, Zawiercie, Poland, 4 Aug. 1955, J. Złotorzycka, 8451, 8453–60 ( PMSL); 1♂, 5♀, Tolmin, Slovenia, 18 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 332, 1560–2, 6272–3 ( PMSL); 1♀, Most na Soci, Slovenia, 17 Jun. 1958, S. Brelih, 429 ( PMSL); 2♀, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 30 Oct. 1951, S. Brelih, 426, 1569 ( PMSL); 4♂, 2♀, Dolenjsko, Slovenia, 30 Mar. 1955, S. Brelih, 493–8 ( PMSL); 1♂, Slovenia, 30 May 1955, S. Brelih, 6274 ( PMSL); 1♀, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 1 Feb. 1977, A. Lesinger, 13103 ( PMSL).    Ex   Turdus merula mandarinus: 4♂, 2♀, China,  Aug. 1913, R. Meinertzhagen, 3714 ( NHML).   Ex   Turdus merula syriacus: 3♂, 3♀, “ Eastern Entrance of Tange-eh-Rah”, Iran,  26 Jun. 1969, 126 ( OSUS);  2♂, 4♀, Palestine,  Apr. 1953, R. Meinertzhagen, BM 1953-225 ( NHML).  Ex   Turdus merulassp.: 6♀, unknown locality, marked “ Entomology Mallophaga Louse of Blackbird”, BM 1980-40 ( NHML); 1♀, unknown locality, 1914 (NHML);  3♂, 6♀, unknown locality, Eichler Collection, 1932 ( MFNB);  1♂, unknown locality, Wolffhügel, IN1278/64 ( MFNB). Ex  Turdus philomelos[as  Turdus musicus]: 2♂, unknown locality (NHML).   Remarks.Złotorzycka's (1997: 177) illustration of the male genitalia is based on an individual with distorted mesosomal lobes and parameres that are largely hidden behind the mesosome, and are not representative. We tentatively include in  Turdinirmus merulensisthe two male lice we examined from  Turdus philomelos, because they are are similar to males from  Turdus merula ssp. but, unfortunately, the genitalia of both specimens are distorted. Additional material from  T. philomelosis needed to determine more accurately the taxonomic placement of these lice. 1587279703 [151,551,913,935] United Kingdom Leeds 118 119 1 Leeds holotype 1587279696 1952 1998 1952 NHML Denny Collection, BM United Kingdom Leeds 118 119 1 1 Leeds holotype 1587279698 [266,822,1863,1888] 1952 1998 1952 NHML Denny Collection, BM United Kingdom Leeds 118 119 11 11 Leeds paratype 1587279690 [199,1270,1484,1509] 1913-08 NHML R. Meinertzhagen China Ex 119 120 6 2 4 1587279704 [199,1431,1519,1544] 1969-06-26 OSUS Iran Ex Eastern Entrance of Tange-eh-Rah 119 120 6 3 3 1587279699 [151,974,1556,1581] 1953-04 NHML R. Meinertzhagen Palestine Palestine 119 120 6 4 2 1587279689 NHML Entomology Mallophaga Louse of Blackbird 119 120 6 6 1587279681 MFNB Eichler Collection 119 120 9 6 3 1587279700 [264,890,1663,1688] MFNB Wolffhugel 119 120 1 1