Rainieria hyaloptera Hendel 1936:66 Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) Marshall, Stephen A. Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-20 5092 3 251 272 9HZ33 (Hendel) Hendel [151,515,151,178] Insecta Micropezidae Amapeza Animalia Diptera 8 259 Arthropoda species hyaloptera   Figures 4A–4E    Rainieria hyalopteraHendel 1936:66   Description:Size 8–11 mm. Colour: Thorax and head mostly orange, proepisternum with a longitudinal black band, katepisternum orange-brown and abdomen brown. Epicephalon shining orange to brown; ocellar plate small and black. Lower face and subantennal areas very pale. Clypeus shining dark brown, microsetulose. Fore femur uniformly pale brown, fore tibia dark brown, fore tarsomeres 1–4 white, tarsomere 5 usually pale brown. Hind femur pale brown with a weak preapical pale band. Wing with an indistinct discal band, barely distinguishable from surrounding membrane. Abdomen of female with pleuron generally slightly blackened, pale ventrally on segments 3–5 only. Oviscape reddish brown dorsally and orange laterally except for a preapical dark ring and an orange apex. Male abdomen with pleuron slightly darkened, more so anteriorly in area of pleural sac; epandrium and S8 paler brown than other sclerites. Head: Frontal vitta parallel sided behind ocelli, slightly broadened and elevated before ocelli, weakly tapered anteriorly, anterior margin 0.4X frons width in females, 0.3X in males. Thorax: Cervical sclerite evenly convex in both sexes. Proepisternum with a marginal row of about 12 black setae. Postpronotal lobe evenly convex, microsetulose, sparsely setulose on posterior half. Two distinct dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles very small to absent. Anepisternum mostly bare, sparsely microsetulose in posterodorsal quarter only. Posterior row of katepisternal bristles dark brown to black. Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct extremely broad, with a constriction and a sphincter-like ring distally, with thin, convoluted stems running from ring to 2 long, funnel-shaped spermathecae each with a deep distal invagination. Minor duct much smaller and shorter, with a small, elongate, parallel-sided spermatheca.  Male abdomen: Genital fork with arms slightly shorter than base of fork, strongly incurved; mesal surfaces of arms densely packed with short spurs and long hairs. Distiphallus elongate, more than twice as long as epandrium, with distal distiphallus posterodorsally recurved and with apex expanded into a strongly spinulose, broadly cylindrical glans. Ejaculatory apodeme larger than epandrium.Type material: HOLOTYPE( ♂, not seen): BRAZIL Para, Belem, 11–26 May, H. Zerny ( NHMW? see comments)   Material examined:  BRAZIL. Amazonas, Campus Universitario, Shannon trap,  29.viii–05.viii.1988, 28.vii– 5.vii, 21–30.ix, 04–11.viii, 07–21.ix, 13.iii, Marcia Castilho, J. Elias Binda( 7♀, INPA);  Reserva Ducke,  21.ii.1978, 25.vii.1978, 14.viii.1969, 20.ix.1978, 7.iii.1968, Malaise traps A. Faustino, Jorge Arias, ( 3♀, 2♂, INPA);  Rio Pretnr. Padanaque, rainforest sweep,  9.iv.1994, M. von Tschirnhaus, debu 00256969 ( 1♀, DEBU);  Manaus, ZF–03, BR 174, km 41, Res.1501,  15–25.xi.1995, Rocha& Silva L.E.F.col., suspensa, 0061323 ( 1♀, INPA).  Para Tucurui, Bagagem,  06.viii.1980, eq. Nunes de Mello, 5614 ( 1♀, INPA). FRENCH GUIANA: Moantagne des Chevaux.  xi.2009, window trap,   90m.( 5♀, 3♂, BMNH).  Roura RoadD6, rainforest trail,  17–23.xi.2018, human dung, G. B. Ferro( 1♀, DEBU).  Mitaraka, MIT-DZ,  306m, tropical moist forest, FIT,  6–10.iii.2015, J. Touroultand E. Poinier, Mitaraka/198 ( 1 ♀, NMHN);  Mitaraka, MIT-E savane roche,  471m, open/partially open areas,  13–20.viii.2015, MT, P.H. Dalens, Mitaraka/230 ( 1 ♂, NMHN);  GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Surama, 4°9’N, 59°3’W  14–18.Jan.2013, J. Klymko(several specimens in 95% alcohol in freezer, DEBU);  Reiva Lodge, 23.i.12, P. Careless( 2♂, 4♀, DEBU, in alcohol);  TRINIDAD. “  3–4-1961”, N. Gopaul Coll.( 1♂, USNM).   Comments:  Amapeza hyalopterais externally similar to the closely related  A. plicata, from which it can be distinguished by its smooth postpronotal lobe and by its distinctive male and female terminalia (see also comments under  A. plicata). Although  A. hyalopteradiffers from  A. amazonicain several distinctive features (including the number of dorsocentral bristles), three of the above specimens bear labels "  Grallipeza amazonicaEnderleindet. L. Albuquerque". It is therefore possible that previous published records of  A. amazonicafrom Brazilare this species. Several of the typeswere taken in Shannon traps or Malaise traps, and the species seems to be common in Amazonia. Although the typespecimen should presumably be in NHMW, I was not able to find it in 2002 when I made notes on the Micropezidae typesthere. The original description, however, leaves little doubt about the identity of this species, especially in the explicit mention of two dorsocentral bristles. 3450193369 NHMW May, H Brazil Para 8 259 1 1 Para holotype 3450193364 1988-08-05 1988-08-29 1988-08-05 INPA Marcia Castilho & J. Elias Binda Brazil Campus Universitario Amazonas 8 259 7 7 3450193345 21. ii. 1978, 25. vii. 1978, 14. viii. 1969, 20. ix. 1978, 7. iii. 1968 INPA A. Faustino & Jorge Arias Brazil Reserva Ducke 8 259 5 3 2 3450193353 1994-04-09 DEBU M. von Tschirnhaus Brazil Padanaque Rio Pret 8 259 1 1 3450193344 1995-11-15 1995-11-25 1995-11-15 INPA Rocha & Silva Brazil Res. 8 259 BR 174 1 1 3450193367 1980-08-06 INPA Brazil Tucurui Nunes de Mello Bagagem 8 259 1 1 Para 3450193346 2009-11 BMNH Brazil 90 Moantagne des Chevaux. 8 259 98 5 3 3450193352 2018-11-17 2018-11-23 2018-11-17 DEBU G. B. Ferro Brazil Roura Road 8 259 1 1 3450193319 2015-03-06 2015-03-10 2015-03-06 NMHN J. Touroult & E. Poinier Brazil 306 Mitaraka 8 259 1 1 3450193351 2015-08-13 2015-08-20 2015-08-13 MT, NMHN P. H. Dalens & Mitaraka Brazil 471 Mitaraka 8 259 1 1 3450193335 2013-01-14 2013-01-18 2013-01-14 DEBU Klymko Guyana 4.15 Surama 1307 -59.05 8 259 1 Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo 3450193311 DEBU P. Careless Guyana Reiva Lodge 8 259 6 4 2 3450193314 [477,1110,1550,1576] 1961-04-03 USNM Gopaul Coll. Trinidad and Tobago TRINIDAD 8 259 1 1