Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 : 195 Rozbaczylo 1985 : 130 N. chilensis N. laevigata Grube, 1855 N. laevigata N. laevigata , Eisig (1914) N. chilensis Naineris chilensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 N. laevigata N. dendritica N. laevigata N. laevigata N. laevigata Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America Blake, James A. Zootaxa 2017 4218 1 1 145 855VV Hartmann-Schroder, 1965 Hartmann-Schroder 1965 [151,705,1113,1139] Polychaeta Orbiniidae Naineris Animalia 97 98 Annelida species chilensis stat. nov.     Naineris dendritica chilensis  Hartmann-Schröder, 1965: 195–197, figs. 179–180;  Rozbaczylo 1985: 130.     Materialexamined. Ecuador, Anton BruunSta. 66-70 (1,  USNM60641),  8–9 m; 3 juveniles(  USNM60637).—  Peru, South of Callao, Anton BruunSta. 65-215, shallow subtidal (  USNM60640).—  Chile, Arica Province, Aricia, 18°29′33″S, 70°19′17″W, intertidal shale, coll. Eric Guiler,  Papudo Corvettesta. N  17, 26–28 Feb1955 (1, LACM- AHFPoly 5021);  Chile, Puerto Aguirre, coll.  21 Jul 1958, 10 m,  holotypeof  Naineris dendritica chilensis(ZMH- P-15326).   Description.A large species, Chilean specimen [ Holotypeof  N. dendritica chilensis] from Puerto Aguirre 60 mmlong, 6 mmwide for approximately 250 setigerous segments. Body broad, depressed in thoracic region, cylindrical in abdominal region. Thorax with 15–30 setigers, depending upon size: larger specimens with more thoracic setigers. Branchiae from setiger 7–8, continuing to posterior end. Prostomium broadly rounded on anterior margin ( Figs. 46A, 47A); no eyespots; no nuchal organs observed. Peristomium a single narrow folded achaetous ring ( Figs. 46A, 47A); proboscis large, multilobed ( Fig. 46A). Thoracic notopodial postsetal lamellae broadly triangular ( Fig. 46B); abdominal notopodial postsetal lamellae similar, but not as broad and elongated ( Fig. 46C). Thoracic neuropodial postsetal lobes foliaceous ridges with uppermost edge prolonged ( Fig. 46B); abdominal neuropodial postsetal lobes lower, less foliaceous ( Fig. 46C). Thoracic notosetae all crenulated capillaries; abdominal notosetae including capillaries, 2–3 furcate setae and 5–6 deeply imbedded aciculae; furcate setae with unequal tynes, longest blunt on tip, shortest thin, pointed, with about 10 thin needles between tynes ( Fig. 47D); shaft with numerous crowded transverse rows of barbs merging with bases of needles. Thoracic neurosetae including three rows of uncini and subuluncini intermixed with capillaries ( Fig. 47B), especially in ventral-most portion of fascicles; uncini including smooth spines ( Fig. 46F) and less numerous smaller, weakly ribbed uncini ( Fig. 46D); subuluncini with minute barbs on capillary extension ( Figs. 46E, 47B). Abdominal neurosetae including capillaries and 5–6 smooth spines ( Figs. 46G, 47C).   FIGURE 46.  Naineris chilensisHartmann-Schröder, 1965. Peru, (USNM 60641). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, thoracic parapodium, anterior view; C, abdominal parapodium, anterior view; D, thoracic neuropodial uncinus; E, thoracic neuropodial subuluncinus; F–G, abdominal neuropodial uncini. Abdominal parapodia dorsally elevated, forming channel with parapodia and setae of right and left sides nearly overlapping medially. Anus terminal, surrounded by lobes, cirri lacking.   Remarks.  N. dendritica chilensisHartmann-Schröderis here raised to full species status. This species is similar to  N. dendritica, but differs because the neuropodial postsetal lobes are prolonged on their superior most margins instead of being reduced to a small papilla as is typical for  N. dendritica. Furthermore, the thoracic neuropodial uncini are mostly smooth instead of being mostly ribbed. The three juvenile specimens from Ecuador(USNM 60637) have more uncini with transverse ridges in the thoracic neuropodia than the adults, but an adult identification was confirmed for the same sample and it is not known how the various setal typesdevelop in orbiniids.    N. chilensisis also similar to  N. laevigata Grube, 1855originally described from the Mediterranean, but widely reported elsewhere in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The branchial distribution reported for  N. laevigatais highly variable and at odds with the majority of the genera and species examined as part of this study, where the branchiae of individual species have either a fixed segment on which they begin or at most only a narrow range of segments; exceptions are species where the branchiae begin in far posterior thoracic setigers. For  N. laevigata, Eisig (1914)indicated most of the specimens he examined had branchiae from setigers 7–8, as in  N. chilensis, but did range from setigers 4–11.   FIGURE 47.  Naineris chilensisHartmann-Schröder, 1965. Peru (USNM 60640). A, Anterior end, lateral view; B, thoracic neuropodial uncini and subuluncini; C, abdominal neurosetae spines and capillaries; D, furcate seta.  Hartman (1957)referred North Pacific records of  N. laevigatato  N. dendritica, but retained the records of  N. laevigataof Monro (1933b)from the Galápagos Islandsand Ecuadorand added additional specimens from Peru. For these collections, Hartman (1957)noted a wide range from setigers 6–12 as a starting point for the branchiae suggesting that more than one species might be present. Variability in other characters was not observed and apart from notes on records from Florida(branchiae from setiger 4) little comparative information was presented by Hartman (1957). However, the branchial distribution reported for  N. laevigatafrom the Americas at a minimum, is so variable, that it is likely that several species are involved. A review of the widely distributed records of  N. laevigatais clearly needed.  Based on my own observations of  N. dendriticafrom the eastern North Pacific ( Blake 1996) and the few specimens of  N. chilensisavailable for study, the differences between the two species are not great and they likely represent a sibling species pair with subtle parapodial and setal differences representing a clinal variation over the distribution from Canadato Chile.   Distribution. Ecuadorto Chile, intertidal to  10 m. 1424727932 [151,1403,1281,1306] USNM Ecuador 9 Material 97 98 USNM 60641, USNM 60637 3 3 1424727944 [151,1061,1317,1342] USNM Peru Callao 97 98 USNM 60640 1 Callao 1424727942 1917-02-26 1917-02-28 1917-02-26 LACM-, AHF Eric Guiler & Papudo Corvette Chile -18.4925 Province 21 -70.32139 97 98 1 1424727954 1958-07-21 Chile Puerto Aguirre 97 98 1 holotype