Stonis et al . 2016f : 569 Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia) Stonis, Jonas R. Diškus, Arūnas Remeikis, Andrius Karsholt, Ole Torres, Nixon Cumbicus Zootaxa 2017 4257 1 1 70  Stonis et al . 2016f : 569 Remeikis, Diskus & Stonis, 2016 Remeikis, Diskus & Stonis 2016 [195,868,1201,1227] Insecta Nepticulidae Stigmella Animalia Lepidoptera 46 47 Arthropoda species olekarsholti  ( Figs 2, 9, 15–18, 33, 37, 110)     Stigmella olekarsholtiRemeikis, Diškus & Stonis, in  Stonis et al. 2016f: 569–570, figs 4, 5, 13–16, 33–36, 42, 43.   Material examined.12 ♂ (holotype and paratypes),  5 ♀( paratypes), PERU, Dept. Apurimac,  12 kmN Abancay, Cerro Turonmocco, 13°34'36"S, 72°58'33"W, elevation about  3500 m,  17–18.iii.1987, O. Karsholt, genitalia slide no. RA 560♂( holotype), RA 543♂, RA 561♂, RA 563♀, RA 564♀( paratypes) ( ZMUC); 4 ♂,  2 ♀( paratypes), Dept. Cusco, Urubamba Province, Aguas Calientes, 13°09'44"S, 72°32'15"W, elevation 2050 m, mining larvae on Asteraceaeplant  19.x.2008, ex pupae  xi.2008, field card no. 4940, A. Diškus, genitalia slides nos AD 722♂, AD 727♂, AD 753♂, AD 754♀, AD 761♂( ZMUC).   Diagnosis.Belongs to the  S. magnispinellagroup. The combination of very long lobes of uncus, small plate of gnathos, long ventral plate of gnathos without lateral lobes, and specific set of cornuti distinguishes  S. olekarsholtifrom all members of the group, including the most similar Ecuadorian  S. varispinellaDiškus & Stonis.   Male( Fig. 33). Described in Stonis et al. 2016: 569. Forewing length 1.8–2.6 mm; wingspan 4.3–5.7 mm.  Female. Externally similar to male.  Male genitalia.Illustrated in Stonis et al. 2016: figs 13–16.  Female genitalia.Illustrated in Stonis et al. 2016: figs 33–35.  Bionomics. Larvae mine in leaves of Asteraceaeplant (an unidentified species). Larvae pale greenish grey with brownish grey head, mine in October (and probably in January–February). In the beginning, irregularly deposited blackish grey frass filling the most of the width of the gallery; further the gallery widened to a large elongated blotch with black frass distributed irregularly and with very wide unfilled areas of the blotch left (the leaf-mine illustrated in Stonis et al. 2016f: figs. 42, 43). Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Adults fly in March and November.   Distribution( Figs 9, 15–18). Known from two localities in the Andean Peru(Dept. Apurimacand Cusco) at elevations about 2050–3500 m( Figs 15–18). 1457688673 1987-03-17 1987-03-18 1987-03-17 ZMUC O. Karsholt Peru 3500 -13.576667 Cerro Turonmocco 21 -72.97583 46 47 2796 1132 1664 Apurimac paratype 1457688679 2008-10-19 2008-11 2008-10-19 ZMUC A. Diskus Peru 2050 -13.162222 Aguas Calientes 21 -72.5375 Urubamba Province 46 47 3719 756 2963 Cusco paratype