Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies Albert, James S. Zootaxa 2017 2017-08-08 4318 3 401 438 3HVM4 2835367 Albert, 2017 Albert 2017 [151,455,1805,1831] Actinopterygii Gymnotidae Gymnotus Animalia Gymnotiformes 26 427 Chordata subSpecies carapo subsp. nov. carapo   Syntypes:NRM 64 (1), 262 mm; NRM 8224 (1), 331 mm; UUZM Linn. coll. 56 (1), 293 mm. Collected in the first half of the 18th Century near Paramaribo, Suriname (Lönnberg 1896:23; Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:216–217; Wheeler 1991:162–163, fig. 6).   Non-Types: MCZ31219 (1), 262 mm, Suriname(exact locality unknown).  UMMZ  190414, 260mm, Suriname, Brokopondo, Suriname River, Tapeoeripa creeknear Brokopondo village( 05°04’N, 054°58’W).  UMMZ 190414(5), 71–214 mm, Suriname, Brokopondo, Suriname River, Tapeoeripa creeknear. Brokopondo village( 05°04’N, 054°58’W).  USNM 225274(8), 81–318 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Lucie River, upstream of Amotopo-Camp Geologie Rd.( 03°36’N, 57°37’W).  USNM 225275(11), 81–270 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River,  350 mdownstream from Wilhelm IIfalls ( 03°34’N, 057°15’W).  USNM 225276(16), 75–148 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, Dalbana Creek, ca. 3 kmupstream from Amotopo–Camp Geologie Rd.( 04°20’N, 057°37’W).  USNM 225284(10), 54–143 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, Lana Creek, ca. 4 kmfrom intersection with W. Corantijn River( 05°28’N, 057°15’W).  USNM 225285(12), 85–257 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, creek south of Matapi, approx. 2 kmdownstream of Cow Falls( 04°59’N, 057°38’W).  USNM 225286(15), 80–319 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, Koekwie creek( 05°31’N, 057°10’W).  USNM 225290(19), 14–157 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, Dalibane Creek, Camp Dacclemmen( 05°34’N, 057°11’W).  USNM 225297(14), 53–137 mm, Suriname, Nickerie, Corantijn River, stream on S. side Lucie River( 03°35’N, 057°39’W). UF 180165(6), 185–337 mm, Suriname, Para, Kola Kreekaff. Para River( 05°27’8.820”N, 055°14’42.060”W). UF 180169(5), 182–340 mm, Suriname, Brokopondo, Marshall Kreek, aff. Suriname River( 05°14’24.9”N, 055°05’58.6”W). UF  180173(11), 34–72 mm; UF 180175(2), 65–219 mm, Suriname, Marowijne, Cottica Rivier, aff. Commewijne River( 05°35.21’N, 054°17.11’W).  Description:Specimens of  G. carapofrom Surinameoverlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PCspace with specimens from other localities ( Figures 4, 5, and 12).  Gymnotus carapo carapois characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): long preorbital distance ( PR31.4%–40.2% HL, mean 36.3% vs. 28.0%–39.4%, mean 34.6% in all other subspecies) and wide mouth (MW 33.6%–47.6% HL, mean 43.0% vs. 32.2%–49.0%, mean 40.2% in all other subspecies).   Distribution:Known from Atlantic coastal drainages of Surinameand French Guiana, including the Brokopondo, Nickerie, and Surinamedistricts of Surinamein the Lucie, Suriname, and Corantijn rivers, and all departments of French Guiana( Figure 2B).   Etymology:Subspecific epithet derived from the specific epithet. 1632856867 [199,1105,151,176] MCZ Suriname Suriname 27 428 1 1632856881 UMMZ Suriname Suriname River 5.0666666 Brokopondo village 1305 -54.966667 Tapeoeripa creek 27 428 UMMZ 190414, 260 1 Brokopondo 1632856875 1889092265 UMMZ Suriname Suriname River https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1889092265 5.0666666 Brokopondo village 1305 -54.966667 Tapeoeripa creek 27 428 UMMZ 190414 1 Brokopondo 1632856864 1321300987 USNM Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1321300987 3.6 Amotopo-Camp Geologie Rd. 1307 -57.616665 Lucie River 27 428 USNM 225274 1 Nickerie 1632856860 USNM Wilhelm II Suriname 350 3.5666666 Corantijn River 1307 -57.25 27 428 USNM 225275 1 Nickerie 1632856879 1318303075 USNM Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1318303075 4.3333335 Amotopo - Camp Geologie Rd. 1306 -57.616665 27 428 USNM 225276 1 Nickerie 1632856874 1321572292 USNM W. Corantijn River Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1321572292 5.4666667 Lana Creek 1305 -57.25 Corantijn River 27 428 USNM 225284 1 Nickerie 1632856882 1317242549 USNM Suriname Corantijn River https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1317242549 4.9833336 Cow Falls 1306 -57.633335 Matapi 27 428 USNM 225285 1 Nickerie 1632856861 1319884296 [151,1432,511,536] USNM Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1319884296 5.5166664 Koekwie creek 1305 -57.166668 Corantijn River 27 428 USNM 225286 1 Nickerie 1632856869 1319591001 USNM Camp Dacclemmen Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1319591001 5.5666666 Dalibane Creek 1305 -57.183334 Corantijn River 27 428 USNM 225290 1 Nickerie 1632856876 1321281225 USNM Suriname https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1321281225 3.5833333 Lucie River 1307 -57.65 Corantijn River 27 428 USNM 225297 1 Nickerie 1632856884 Suriname 5.45245 Para River 1 -55.245018 Kola Kreek 27 428 1 Para 1632856866 Suriname 5.2402496 Suriname River 1 -55.09961 Marshall Kreek 27 428 1 Brokopondo 1632856886 73-01-18 Suriname 5.5868335 Commewijne River 13 -54.285168 Cottica Rivier 27 428 1 Marowijne