Neotropical Nilothauma Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera, Chironomidae): Key, eleven new species, re-descriptions, new combination and new records Pinho, Luiz Carlos Andersen, Trond ZooKeys 2021 2021-04-22 1033 81 125 47F6Y 9383FBE1-EA80-55DE-B427-AB89CF16F4BF Roback, 1960 Roback 1960 Insecta Chironomidae Nilothauma CoL Animalia Nilothauma aleta Diptera 0 81 Arthropoda species aleta  Additional material.   1 male, slide-mounted: Brazil,  SaoPaulo,  Sao  Luisdo Paraitinga, PE Serra do Mar,  NucleoSanta Virginia, trilha  Pocodo Pito, afluente Paraibuna, 23°20'09"S, 45°08'46"W, 15.ix.2006, light trap, M.R. Spies& A.E. Sieglochleg.  Diagnostic characters. The male can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of: tergite IX without setose dorsal lobe(s); gonostylus stout; acrostichals absent; anal point wide, covering most setae along posterior margin of tergite IX; inferior volsella slender.  Re-description.  Male imago (n = 1).Total length 3.58 mm. Wing length 2.00 mm. Total length/wing length 1.79. Wing length/length of profemur 2.25.   Colouration.Head, thorax and abdomen brown; legs pale, except for ring of brown pigmentation in distal 1/2 to 2/3 of fore- and hind femora, in distal 1/3 of foretibia, in basal 1/8 of mid- and hind tibiae and in distal 1/3 of each tarsomere. Wing membrane apparently hyaline, but faint brown markings are visible when dark-field filter is applied.   Antenna.AR = 0.27. Thirteenth flagellomere 197 µmlong.   Head.Temporal setae 7 in single row. Clypeus with 25 setae. Tentorium 123 µmlong, maximum width 25 µm. Stipes not measurable. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 39, 34, 123, 147, 191. Third palpomere with 2 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 20 µmlong. Fifth palpomere/third palpomere 1.55.   Thorax.Dorsocentrals 12 in single row, acrostichals absent, prealars 3. Scutellum with 6 setae.   Wing.VR = 1.50. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 13 setae, R1 with 18 setae, R4+5 with 21 setae, remaining veins bare.   Legs.Spur of fore tibia 44 µmlong including 15 µmlong scale. Mid-tibia with 1 spur, 15 µmlong; hind tibia with 2 spurs, 25 and 29 µmlong. Combs of both mid- and hind tibia 20 µmlong. Width at apex of fore-tibia 39 µm, of mid-tibia 34 µm, of hind tibia 44 µm. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.   Table 1.Lengths (in μm) and proportions of leg segments in  Nilothauma aletaRoback, 1960, adult male (n = 1).    -  Fe  Ti  ta1  ta2  ta3  ta4  p1 887 601 837 522 404 256  p2 906 690 414 227 177 118  p3 1034 985 699 355 305 197  -  ta5  LR  BV  SV  BR -  p1 148 1.39 1.74 1.77 2.3 -  p2 89 0.60 3.29 2.30 2.3 -  p3 108 0.71 2.56 2.89 5.0 -  Hypopygium(Fig. 1A, B). Tergite IX without lobes, tapering to apex, with 22 short setae underneath anal point. Anal point lanceolate, 50 µmlong, maximum width 37 µm. Tergite bands well developed. Laterosternite IX without setae. Phallapodeme 70 µmlong; transverse sternapodeme 55 µmlong. Gonocoxite 134 µmlong. Inferior volsella straight, 52 µmlong, 7 µmwide medially, with microtrichia and 8 simple setae apically. Superior volsella pediform, 17 µmlong, 7 µmwide at base, covered with microtrichia and with 2 setae apically. Median volsella 7 µmlong, with 2 simple setae, longest 12 µm. Gonostylus 95 µmlong, straight. HR = 1.42. HV = 3.77.   Figure 1.  Nilothauma aletaRoback, 1960, adult male Ahypopygium, dorsal view Bhypopygium with anal point and tergite IX removed, dorsal aspect to the left and ventral aspect to the right.  Female adult and immatures. Unknown.  Remarks.  Roback (1960)described  Nilothauma aletaRoback, 1960 and  N. duenaRoback, 1960 from the Peruvian Amazon. In their revision of  Nilothauma, Adam & Saether, (1999) regarded the two species as not belonging to  Nilothaumasince they lack any projections on tergite IX and stated that they appear to belong in  ParatendipesKieffer. Later, Mendes and Andersen (2009)placed  NeelamiaSoponis and  ParanilothaumaSoponis as synonyms of  Nilothaumaand several new Neotropical species have been described demonstrating the large morphological variation in the genus. Mendes and Andersen (2009)emended the diagnosis of  Nilothaumaand both  N. aletaand  N. duenafit well into this diagnosis.  Distribution  (Fig. 17B).The species was originally described from the Department of Huanuco, in the Peruvian Amazon by Roback (1960); the range is now extended to Serra do Mar ( SaoPaulo State), in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. 3084013329 2006-09-15 light trap Luis do Paraitinga, PE, M. R. Spies, A. E. Siegloch Brazil Sao Luis do Paraitinga -23.335835 Nucleo Santa Virginia 21 -45.146114 Serra do Mar 1 1 Sao Paulo