Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations
Azevedo, Celso O.
Alencar, Isabel D. C. C.
Colombo, Wesley D.
Zootaxa
2018
2018-06-11
4433
1
1
49
Klug
1808
[365,489,1442,1468]
Insecta
Bethylidae
Pristocera
GBIF
Animalia
Hymenoptera
2
3
Arthropoda
genus
1. Mandible with four distal teeth........................................................................... 2 - Mandible with five distal teeth........................................................................... 4 2. Petiole very setose in ventral view (Fig. 9D); hypopygium with inner margin not dentate (Fig. 9I); genitalia with apical lobes long, ocuppying more than apical half of aedeagus; lateral margin of aedeagus parallel (Fig. 9J–K)...... P. julieni sp. nov. - Petiole glabrous in ventral view ( Fig. 13E); hypopygium with inner margin dentate, at least partially ( Figs 13J, 21F); genitalia with apical lobes short, ocuppying less than apical half of aedeagus; lateral margin of aedeagus sinouos ( Fig. 13K)........ 3 3. Petiole with midlength 4.0 × midwidth; hypopygeal chamber with latero-basal margin somewhat angled ( Fig. 21F); paramere shorter than basiparamere; subbifid, apical margin strongly emarginated, digitiform process absent ( Fig. 21G–H).............................................................................................. P. levicolllis(Kieffer) - Petiole with midlength 5.0 × midwidth; hypopygeal chamber with latero-basal margin smoothly curved ( Fig. 13J); paramere longer than basiparamere; apical margin outcurved, digitiform process present, thin, very short ( Fig. 13K–L).................................................................................................. P. mauricei sp. nov. 4. Petiole very long and tubular, midlength 6.5 × midwidth ( Fig. 17E); hypopygium with apical third abruptly narrower than base ( Fig. 17K); paramere without digitiform process; aedeagus subcircular ( Fig. 17L–M)................... P. teetsi sp. nov. - Petiole never so long and tubular, midlength 5.0 × midwidth at maximum; hypopygium with apex somewhat narrower than base; paramere with digitiform process; aedeagus generally subconical........................................... 5 5. Basivolsella ventral surface folded....................................................................... 6 - Basivolsella ventral surface smooth...................................................................... 7 6. Hypopygium with apex beak-like (Fig. 5K); paramere with digitiform process curved upward (Fig. 5L)... P. martyi sp. nov. - Hypopygium with apex hook-like ( Fig. 15J); paramere with digitiform process not curved upward ( Fig. 15K)................................................................................................. P. makungai sp. nov. 7. Hypopygium with apex hook-like (Fig. 3K)..................................................... P. alexi sp. nov. - Hypopygium with apex beak-like (Fig. 1K)................................................................ 8 8. Parameral apex very curved inward; digitiform process apical in dorsal view ( Fig. 23 J–K); apical margin with small spine in ventral view ( Fig. 23 K); dorsal margin sinuous ( Fig. 23 J)............................................ P. cambouei -Parameral apex not curved inward; digitiform process placed subapically in dorsal view; apical margin without small spine in ventral view; dorsal margin convex....................................................................... 9 9. Parameral apical margin at least somewhat concave (Fig. 1M; 19 L)............................................ 10 - Parameral apical margin convex ( Fig. 11J)................................................................. 11 10. Parameral apical margin strongly concave (Fig. 1M).......................................... P. melmani sp. nov. - Parameral apical margin somewhat concave ( Fig. 19L).......................................... P. zubai sp. nov. 11. Paramere very expanded in dorsal view, about 2.0 × basiparamere width ( Fig. 11I).................... P. morti sp. nov. - Paramere moderately large expanded in dorsal view, about 1.4 × basiparamere width (Fig. 7H).......... P. gloriae sp. nov.