A new species of Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) from Brazil
Bertani, Rogerio
Santos, Thiago
Righi, Alexandre
ZooKeys
2009
2009-02-16
5
5
41
51
9383M
Bertani & Santos & Righi, 2009
Bertani & Santos & Righi
2009
[140,462,799,826]
Arachnida
Theraphosidae
Oligoxystre
Animalia
Araneae
3
44
Arthropoda
species
diamantinensis
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C9FB2DF9-6B7B-45B0-BF56-E95FA05F6DB8 Figures 1-9
Typematerial. Holotype: male: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, 18°13’57.2”S 43°35’14.9”W, 04.XII.2005, T. dos Santos& A. F. Righi( MZSP 29071). Paratypes: male ( MZSP29072) and female ( MZSP29073) same data and collectors. Othermaterial examined. Oligoxystre bolivianum, 1 male, Brazil, Stateof Mato Grosso, Chapadados Guimarães 15°27’S 55°44’W, 19 March 1992, D. Pinz( IBSP 9495), 1 female, February 1991, S.M. Lucas( IBSP 9504); O. caatinga, 1 male, Brazil, Stateof Piaui, Parnaiba 2°54’S 4’°45’W, November 1994, R. Bertani( IBSP 9499), 1 female, same data ( IBSP 9473 ); O. dominguense, 1 male( holotype), Brazil, state of Goiás, São Domingos 13°23’S 46°19’W, April 2000, A. Chagas Junior& M.G. Bichuettte( IBSP 8625), 1 female( paratype) Minaçú, Serra da Mesa 13°49’S 48°18’W( IBSP 9467); O. rufoniger, 1 male, Brazil, state of Bahia, Palmeiras, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, 12°28’070”S 41°25’175”W, inside bromeliads, 15 February 2008, R. Bertani, C.S. Fukushimae R.H. Nagahama( MZSP 29101), 1 female( paratype), Central, Toca da Esperança 11°08’S 42°06’W, July 2000, A.D. Brescovitet al. ( IBSP 8553); O. tucuruiense, 1 male( holotype), Brazil, Stateof Pará, Tucuruí 3°45’S 49°40’W( IBSP 9459), 1 female( paratype), 01 July 1984, C. Pantoja& R. S. Pereira( IBSP 7936).
Diagnosis.Male of O. diamantinensis sp. n.can be distinguished from O. bolivianumand O. dominguenseby the absence of a small subapical keel on the male palpal bulb embolus ( Figs1-3); from O. caatingaby the embolus being shorter than 2.5 times the tegulum length ( Figs 1-3); from O. tucuruiense, O. rufonigerand O. auratumby the tibial spur being inserted in a perpendicular angle in relation to the tibia axis ( Figs. Figs 1-6. Oligoxystre diamantinensis sp. n. holotypemale 1. left male palpal bulb, prolateral view; 2. left male palpal bulb, retrolateral view; 3. left palp, retrolateral view; 4. left leg I spur, ventral view; 5. Left leg I spur, prolateral view; Paratypefemale 6. spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. 4-5). Female can be distinguished from O. bolivianumby the spermathecae being much more longer than wide; from O. dominguense, O. rufonigerand O. tucuruienseby the absence of lateral lobes in the spermathecae; and from O. caatingaby the spermathecae having a large terminal lobe with five smaller lobes around it ( Fig. 6), instead of several small lobes. Additionally, males and females can be distinguished by the general blue metallic color pattern and the reddish setae on the abdomen ( Figs 7-8), instead of the general browish to reddish pattern shown by the other species. The metallic blue color is not lost in specimens preserved in alcohol, indicating its origen to be structural instead of due to the presence of biological pigments.
Etymology.Named after the type-locality, the city of Diamantina, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Description.Male ( holotype)( Figs 1-5, 7): Total length with chelicerae: 25.5. Carapace: length 9.3, width 8.6. Abdomen: length 11.2, width 6.4. Eye tubercle low, length 1.1, width 2.0. Labium: length 0.8, width 1.5. Sternum: length 4.6, width: 3.7. Cephalic region low, hardly distinct. Thoracic striae undistinguishable. Fovea short, deep, straight. Chelicerae without rastellum, basal segments with 9 teeth. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. AME round, diameter 0.35, 0.39 apart; ALE elliptical, 0.44 x 0.26, 1.07 apart. Posterior eye row slightly recurved; PME ovoid, 0.28 x 0.23, 0.78 apart; PLE ovoid, 0.39 x 0.18, 1.39 apart. Labium with 8 cuspules. Maxilla subrectangular, anterior lobe distinctly produced into conical process, inner angle bearing 25 cuspules. Sigilla on sternum undistinguishable. PMS one-segmented, 1.0 in length; PLS three-segmented, basal segment 2.28, median 1.87, apical 2.54. Claw tufts present; STC without teeth. Tarsi I-IV scopulate, IV with sparse row of setae; metatarsus I scopulate along a third of segment length, II 4/5 of its length, III 3/5 and IV 2/5 of their lengths. Femur IV without retrolateral scopula. Stridulatory setae absent. Length of legs and palp in Table 1. Spines: tarsi lacking spines. Palpal femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia p1-2-1; legs I femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v 2-2-2(1ap), metatarsus v1-0-0; II femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-2-3(2ap), p1-0-1, metatarsus v1-0-0; III femur p0-1-1, r0-2-2, patella 0; tibia v3-3-2ap, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, metatarsus v0-2-3ap, p1-0-1, r1-0-1; IV femur p0-0-1, r0-1-2, patella 0, tibia v3-3-2ap, p1-0-1, r2-0-1, metatarsus v1-3-3ap, p1-0-1, r0-1-1. Male tibial spur small, with two branches slightly curved, originating from common, raised base ( Figs 4-5). Retrolateral branch longer than prolateral. Spur branches inserted in a perpendicular angle in relation to the tibia axis ( Fig. 5). Distance from tibia apex and the spur basis a quarter of the tibia length ( Fig. 4). Metatarsus I slightly bent at basal portion, passing laterally the retrolateral branch of tibial spur when flexed. Male palpal bulb with short subtegulum, not extending down bulb. Bulb globose, embolus long, 2.4 times longer than the tegulum, tapering to the tip and with a slight curvature on its distal quarter region ( Figs 1-3). Male palpal bulb keels absent. Urticating hairs absent. General color pattern of tegument golden-brown. Carapace, chelicerae, abdomen and legs covered dorsally and ventrally with metallic blue setae. Leg rings and longitudinal stripes on the patellae and tibiae hardly distinct. Abdomen covered with abundant long red setae and some short metallic blue setae. Anterior region with a stripe of red setae ( Fig. 7). Table 1. Oligoxystre diamantinensis sp. n.Male Holotype. Length of left legs and palpal segments. Palp I II III IV Tarsi 1.9 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.5 Metatarsi --- 7.6 7.3 7.1 10.2 Tibiae 4.8 7.7 6.9 6.3 8.5 Patellae 3.8 5.1 5.0 4.1 4.5 Femora 5.9 9.4 9.0 8.1 9.9 Total 16.4 34.2 32.5 29.6 37.6 Female ( Paratype)( Figs 6, 8): Total length with chelicerae: 37.6. Carapace: length 10.9, width 9.9. Abdomen: length 19.8, width: 11.9. Eye tubercle: length 1.4, width 2.0. Labium: length 1.1, width 1.9. Sternum: length 5.2, width: 4.6. Cephalic region slightly elevated. AME round, diameter 0.36, 0.29 apart; ALE elliptical, 0.52 x 0.32, 1.23 apart. Posterior eye row slightly recurved; PME ovoid, 0.46 x 0.32, 0.92 apart; PLE ovoid, 0.41 x 0.24, 1.43 apart. Labium with 6 cuspules. PMS one-segmented, 1.52 inlength; PLS three-segmented, basal segment 2.89, median 1.89, apical 2.99. All other characters as in male, except: metatarsi I and II scopulate along the full length of the segment, III 7/10 and IV 2/5 of their lengths. Length of legs and palp in Table 2. Spines: tarsi lacking spines. Palpal femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v2-1-4ap, p0-1-0; legs I femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-1-2ap, p1-0-1, metatarsus 0; II femur p0-0-2, patella 0, tibia v2-0-1ap, p1-1-0, metatarsus v1-0-0; III femur p0-0-2, r0-0-1, patella 0; tibia v1-2-2ap, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-0-4ap, p1-0-1, r1-0-1; IV femur r0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v1-3-3(2ap), p1-0-0, r1-0-1, metatarsus v0-4-3ap, p1-0-1, r1-0-1. Two spermathecae weakly sclerotized, long, ending in a large terminal lobe, two smaller lobes on the external region and three tiny lobes on the internal region, all them closely positioned ( Fig. 6). Color pattern as in male ( Fig. 8). Variation(Male paratype). Length of legs and palp in Table 3. Spines: tarsi lacking spines. Palpal femur p0-1-1, patella 0, tibia p0-2-2; legs I femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v 1-1-1ap, p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, metatarsus v1-0-0; II femur p0-1-1, patella 0, tibia v1-1 -2ap, p1-1-0, metatarsus v1-0-0; III femur p1-1-1, r0-2-1, patella 0; tibia v1-3-2ap, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v3-0-4ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-1; IV femur p0-0-1, r0-2-1, patella 0, tibia v2-3-2ap, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v1-2-4ap, p1-0-1, r1-0-1.
Relationship.The cladogram proposed by Guadanucci (2003)and partially reproduced in Fig.9shows Oligoxystreas a monophyletic genus sister to the clade Pterinochilussp. ( Avicularia avicularia(Linnaeus, 1758)( Euathlus vulpinus(Karsch, 1880)+ Vitalius vellutinus(Mello-Leitão, 1923))united by three non-exclusive synapomorphies (node A): few cuspules on the maxillae (character 1) (homoplasy shared with Catumirispp.), few cuspules on the labium (character 2) (homoplasy shared with Ischnocolus algericusThorell, 1875+ Catumirispp. and Euathlus vulpinus), and the labium wider than long (character 3) (homoplasy shared with Ischnocolus algericus+ Catumirispp.). Oligoxystreis divided into two fully dichotomous clades. One of the clades (node B) has the monophyletic group O. tucuruiense+ O. rufonigerdefined by a homoplasious apomorphy, the presence of lateral lobes in the spermatheca (character 4) (shared with Euathlus vulpinus). The other clade has the monophyletic group O. bolivianum+ O. dominguense(node D) sharing the presence of keels in the male palpal bulb embolus (character 6) as a synapomorphy. The sister-group of this clade (node C) is O. caatingawhich shares with O. bolivianum+ O. dominguenseand other external taxa ( Sickius longibulbiSoares & Camargo, 1948( Ischnocolus algericus+ Catumirispp.)) the presence of a short clypeus (character 5). Oligoxystre diamantinensis sp. n.exhibits the three generic synapomorphies (characters 1-3), but the female lacks the lateral lobe in the spermatheca (character 4) and the male does not have keels in the embolus (character 6). Furthermore, both male and female lack a clypeus (plesiomorphic state for character 5). Thus, the new species lack all the apomorphies for the two clades and possibly would be in a basal trichotomy in that cladogram (indicated by an arrow in Fig. 9). Table 3. Oligoxystre diamantinensis sp. n.Male Paratype. Length of left legs and palpal segments. Palp I II III IV Tarsi 1.9 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.3 Metatarsi --- 7.2 6.9 7.2 9.8 Tibiae 4.4 7.2 6.6 6.1 8.3 Patellae 3.7 5.2 4.8 3.7 4.4 Femora 5.5 9.0 8.5 7.6 9.4 Total 15.5 32.6 31.0 28.4 36.2 Fig. 9.Part of Guadanucci’s (2003)cladogram showing Oligoxystrespecies relationship. Characters: 1 few cuspules on the maxillae; 2 few cuspules on labium; 3 labium wider than long; 4 spermathecal lateral lobe present; 5 clypeus narrow; 6 keel on male palpal bulb embolus present; 6 spermatheca as long as wide. Black square = synapomorphy. White square = homoplasy. The arrow indicates the probable position of Oligoxystre diamantinensis sp. n.in the cladogram. Concerning O. auratum, Vellard (1924)presented a detailed description of the species which allows to distinguish it from O. diamantinensis sp. n. Oligoxystre auratumhas an overall browinsh pattern whereas the new species has a blue mettalic color ( Figs 7-8). The O. auratumtibial spur illustration ( Vellard 1924: 152, pl. 10 Fig. 38d) shows the branches in a parallel position with the tibia axis whereas in O. diamantinensis sp. n.the tibial spur branch axis is perpendicular in relation to the tibia axis ( Fig. 5).
Distribution.Only known from typelocality.
Habitatdescription.The specimens were found in “campo rupestre” areas (Figs 10-11), characterized by its height above sea level – above 900m, in association with a high degree of outcropping and consequent reduction of soil depth (Giulietti and Pirani 1988). The vegetation in the area of occurrence of O. diamantinensis sp. n.have predominantly specimens of the families Asteracea, Melastomatacea, Gramineae, Cyperacea, Cactacea, Eicaceae, Leguminosacea, Velloziaceae, Eriocaulacea and Xyridacea ( Silva et al. 2005).The climate is tropical – temperature ranging from 18 to 20°C, minimum 4°C in June/July reaching 35°C by December/January ( Silva et al. 2005). The rainy season extends from November to March (precipitation mean 223.19 mm). In the dry season from June to August the pluviosity mean falls to about 8.25 mm( Silva et al. 2005). The relative humidity varies between 72.33% and 89.75% (for Figs 10-11.Campo Rupestre area in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photos: Alexandre Righi. 2001 and 1995, respectively) (Silva, et al. 2005). The three collected specimens were found in altitudes about 1.250ma.s.l, always in rocky places, either inside crevices or under large stones where they normally build silky tunnels.
2610418303
2005-12-04
T
dos Santos & A. F. Righi
Brazil
-18.232555
Diamantina
1
-43.58747
3
44
MZSP 29071
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
2610418307
1991-02
1992-03-19
1991-02
IBSP
D. Pinz & S. M. Lucas
Brazil
State
-15.45
Guimaraes
1285
-55.733334
Chapada
3
44
IBSP 9495, IBSP 9504
2
1
1
Mato Grosso
2610418301
1994-11
1992-03-19
1991-02
R
Bertani
Brazil
State
-2.9
Parnaiba
1285
-55.733334
State
3
44
IBSP 9499, IBSP 9473
2
1
1
Piaui
2610418305
2000-04
IBSP
A. Chagas Junior & M. G. Bichuettte
Brazil
Sao Domingos
-13.816667
Serra da Mesa
1289
-48.3
Minacu
3
44
IBSP 8625, IBSP 9467
2
1
1
Goias
holotype
2610418304
2000-04
IBSP
A. Chagas Junior & M. G. Bichuettte
Brazil
Sao Domingos
-13.816667
Serra da Mesa
1289
-48.3
Minacu
3
44
IBSP 8625, IBSP 9467
2
1
1
Goias
paratype
2610418306
2000-07
2008-02-15
2000-07
R
Bertani, C. S & Fukushima & Nagahama & A. D. Brescovit
Brazil
Palmeiras
-11.133333
Central
1296
-42.1
Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina
3
44
MZSP 29101, IBSP 8553
2
1
1
Bahia
paratype
2610418302
1984-07-01
R
C. Pantoja & S. Pereira
Brazil
-3.75
Tucurui
1307
-49.666668
State
3
44
IBSP 9459, IBSP 7936
2
1
1
Para
holotype