Bianconi, 1869 : 210 Gerstaecker, 1901 : 258 Cymothoa ( Ceratothoa ) carinata Hilgendorf, 1879 : 846 Ceratothoa carinata Schioedte and Meinert, 1883 : 327 Trilles, 1986 : 623 Kensley, 2001 : 232 Bruce, 2007 : 278 Meinertia carinata Lanchester, 1902 : 378 Stebbing, 1910 : 103 Trilles, 1972b : 1244 Codonophilus carinatus Nierstrasz, 1931 : 132 Nunomura, 2006 : 36 Ceratothoa Saito, 2009 : 7 Redescription of Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869) and Ceratothoa oxyrrhynchaena Koelbel, 1878 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), buccal-attaching fish parasites new to Australia Martin, Melissa B. Bruce, Niel L. Nowak, Barbara F. Zootaxa 2013 3683 4 395 410 SQFQ Bianconi, 1869 Bianconi 1869 [151,604,151,177] Malacostraca Cymothoidae Ceratothoa Animalia Isopoda 2 397 Arthropoda species carinata     Cymothoa carinata  Bianconi, 1869: 210, pl. II, figs. 2 (a, b).—  Gerstaecker, 1901: 258.    Cymothoa( Ceratothoa) carinata.—  Hilgendorf, 1879: 846.    Ceratothoa carinata.—  Schioedte and Meinert, 1883: 327, pl. XIII (Cym. XX) figs. 1–2.–  Trilles, 1986: 623, tab. 1; 1994: 116; 2008: 23.—  Kensley, 2001: 232.—  Bruce, 2007: 278. —Trilles 2008: 23.    Meinertia carinata.—  Lanchester, 1902: 378.—  Stebbing, 1910: 103.—  Trilles, 1972b: 1244, 1256, pl. I, photos 5–7; 1972c: 3, photos 1–4.    Codonophilus carinatus.—  Nierstrasz, 1931: 132.    Ceratothoa curvicauda  Nunomura, 2006: 36, figs. 12–13. [new synonymy]    Ceratothoasp.—  Saito, 2009: 7, photos 1, 2.   Material examined.Ƥ ( 31 mmovig., dissected), Arafura Sea, Northern Territory, 22 November 1980, from buccal cavity of  Selar crumenophthalmus(Bloch, 1793)(host registration QM I219506-006), coll. CSIRO Soela(MTQ W30409).  Ovigerous female.Length 31 mm, width 11 mm.  Body2.5 times as long as greatest width, dorsal, median longitudinal ridge present; cuticle smooth and polished in appearance, widest at pereonites 4 and 5, narrowest at pereonite 1; dorsolaterally concave. Cephalon0.6 times longer than wide, visible in dorsal view. Frontal marginsubacute, simple, not folded. Eyestrapezoid, narrow, 0.1 times width of head. Pereonite 1smooth with slight indentations produced medially, anterolateral angle with small distinct produced point. Coxae 2–3 with posteroventral angles rounded; 4–7 with small, distinct point. Pereonites 5–7 progressively narrower in length and 7 is one third the length pereonite 6. Pereonite 5–7 posteriorly arched, with pereonite 7 posterior end hidden under pleonite 2. Pleonite1 visible in dorsal view; pleonites 2–5 progressively wider; pleonite posterior margins smooth, mostly concave; posterolateral angles of pleonite 2 narrowly rounded. Pleonite 5 with posterolateral angles overlapped by lateral margins of pleonite 4, posterior margin bisinuate. Pleotelson0.4 times as long as anterior width, dorsal surface with 2 sub-medial depressions; lateral margins convex, posterior margin emarginate.  Antennulemore stout than antenna, comprised of 7 articles; peduncle articles 1 and 2 distinct and articulated; article 2 0.8 times as long as article 1; article 3 0.4 times as long as combined lengths of articles 1 and 2, 0.8 times as long as wide; flagellum with 4 articles, extending to posterior margin of eye. Antennacomprised of 9 articles. Antennapeduncle article 3 1.8 times as long as article 2, 1.0 times as long as wide; article 4 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.2 times as long as article 3; article 5 0.5 times as long as article 4, 1.1 times as long as wide; flagellum with 5 articles, terminal article without setae, extending to posterior margin of head. Labrumlateral margins concave, with small median point. Mandibular processending in acute incisor, mandible palp article 2 and 3 with fine ‘pectinate scales’. Maxillulesimple with 4 terminal robust spines. Maxillamesial lobe with 8 recurved spines, partly fused to lateral lobe with 9 recurved spines. Maxillipedoostegite lobe lamellar. Maxilliped article 3 with 4 curved spines. Oostegite smooth, with setae.  Pereopod 1basis 1.5 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis; merus proximal margin without bulbous protrusion; carpus with straight proximal margin; propodus 1.6 times as long as wide; dactylus slender, 1.3 as long as propodus, 4.5 times as long as basal width. Pereopod 2propodus 1.4 times as long as wide; dactylus 1.2 times as long as propodus; similar to pereopod 3. Pereopod 6basis 1.0 times as long as greatest width; ischium 1.0 times as long as basis, propodus 1.0 as long as wide, dactylus 1.4 times as long as propodus. Pereopod 7basis 1.1 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis, with large proximal flattened protrusion; merus proximal margin with slight bulbous protrusion, merus 0.3 times as long as ischium, 0.5 times as long as wide; carpus 0.3 times as long as ischium, without bulbous protrusion, 0.5 times as long as wide; propodus 0.5 times as long as ischium, 1.0 times as long as wide; dactylus slender, 1.2 times as long as propodus, 1.8 times as long as basal width.  Pleopod 1exopod 3.8 times as long as wide, lateral margin distally concave, distally narrowly rounded with strongly oblique medial margin, mesial margin straight; endopod 4.2 times as long as wide, lateral margin convex, distally narrowly rounded, mesial margin straight.  Uropodsame length as pleotelson, peduncle lateral margin without setae; rami not extending beyond pleotelson. Endopodapically slightly pointed, 4.2 times as long as greatest width, lateral margin weakly convex, mesial margin weakly convex. Exopodnot extending to end of endopod, 3.8 times as long as greatest width, apically rounded, lateral margin straight, terminating with no setae, mesial margin distally concave.   Male.No male was available as part of this study. Nunomura (2006)noted lateral sides of body nearly parallel, with large lobes on posterolateral angles of pereonite 1.  Colour.Pale brown in ethanol.  Size.Present material: ovigerous female 31 mm. Other records indicate ovigerous female: 28–38 mm, nonovigerous females: 13–34 mm, male: 10–18 mm( Bianconi 1869; Nunomura 2006; Saito 2009; Schioedte & Meinert 1883; Stebbing 1910; Trilles 1972b, 1972c).   FIGURE 1.  Ceratothoa carinata, ovigerous female (31 mm) (MTQ W30409). A, dorsal view; B, dorsal view of pereonite 1 and cephalon; C, dorsal view of pleotelson; D, lateral view.   FIGURE 2.  Ceratothoa carinata, ovigerous female (31 mm) (MTQ W30409). A, antennule; B, antenna; C, maxillule; D, maxillule tip; E, maxilla; F, maxilla tip; G, mandible; H, maxilliped; I, maxilliped article 3; J, uropod.  Hosts.The Australian specimen is from bigeye scad  Selar crumenophthalmus. Other records reported from amberstripe scad  Decapterus muroadsi(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)(see Nunomura 2006; Saito 2009) and Trilles (1972b, 1972c) reported a non-ovigerous female  Ceratothoa carinatafrom yellow-banded snapper  Lutjanus adetii(Castelnau, 1873)in New Caledonia.   Distribution. Mozambique( Bianconi 1869; Hilgendorf 1879; Schioedte & Meinert 1883), Great Redangs, Malay Peninsula ( Lanchester 1902); Sagami Sea ( Nunomura 2006); Toba town, Mie Prefecture ( Saito 2009); Seychelles( Stebbing 1910); New Caledonia( Bruce 2007; Trilles 1972b, 1972c); and Red Sea (Trilles 2008).   Remarks.  Ceratothoa carinatacan be identified by the pleotelson being wider than long with a deeply concave posterior margin, the pereon dorsal surface with a median longitudinal ridge (from which the species takes its name), the adjacent dorsal surfaces on either side being somewhat depressed or concave, and pereopod 7 with a greatly enlarged carinate ischium and basis. The illustration given by Bianconi (1869)clearly shows these characters, and the specimen from the Arafura Sea agrees entirely with the original description and the later figures given by Schioedte and Meinert (1883)and Trilles (1972 b, 1972c). Similar species to  Ceratothoa carinataare  Ceratothoa trigonocephala( Leach, 1818)and  Ceratothoa trillesi( Avdeev, 1979b), but both have a narrow pleonite 1, shorter pleotelson with a broadly convex posterior margin, a smooth and convex dorsum, and pereopod 7 lacks an enlarged ischium. The figures and descriptions of  Ceratothoa curvicaudata Nunomura, 2006agree entirely with those of Bianconi (1869), Schioedte and Meinert (1883)and Trilles (1972b, 1972c) and with the present material, showing the characteristic deeply concave posterior margin of the pleotelson, wide pleon (same width as pereon) and pereopod 7 with an enlarged ischium. Nunomura’s (2006) figures of mouthparts agree with the present specimen from  Selar crumenophthalmusand we have no hesitation in placing  Ceratothoa curvicaudata Nunomura, 2006into junior synonymy with  Ceratothoa carinata Bianconi, 1869. The holotypedeposition is not known. Schioedte and Meinert (1883)mentioned a specimen from the typelocality ( Mozambique) as deposited at the Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde, Homboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany, but it is highly likely that the specimen was destroyed during World War II ( Hadfield 2012).