Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983
Oceanapia nodulosa
Oceanapia nodulosa ( Topsent, 1928 )
Taxonomy of Oceanapia Norman, 1869 (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Phloeodictyidae) from the Brazilian coast
Neto, Carlos Santos
Nascimento, Elielton
Cavalcanti, Thaynã
Pinheiro, Ulisses
Zootaxa
2018
2018-08-02
4455
2
363
376
48BVW
Neto & Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro
2018
[151,384,818,844]
Demospongiae
Phloeodictyidae
Oceanapia
GBIF
Animalia
Haplosclerida
2
365
Porifera
species
hechteli
nom. nov.
Adociasp. Hechtel, 1976: p. 240 ( PernambucoState, Brazil).
Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983: p. 65, fig. 5–6 (Pernambuco State, Brazil). Oceanapia nodulosa; Santos et al. 2002: p. 396 (Pernambuco State, Brazil); Muricy et al. 2011: p. 109. Not Oceanapia nodulosa( Topsent, 1928)(a valid species).
Materialexamined:UFPEPOR 3172, off Recife Municipality( 08°06’02’’S 34°42’07’’W), PernambucoState, Brazil, depth 30 m, dredge, st. 129, Recifeexpedition, 5 April 1967. Comparative material: YPM 5705( Holotype), Recife, PernambucoState, Brazil, depth 27 m, det. Hechtel (1983)( Photographsof the specimen, choanosome and spicules). External morphology ( Fig. 2A).Semispherical sponge, 9.3 x 6.2 cm(length x width). The specimen has nine fistulae, about 0.2–0.6 x 0.2–0.5 cm(length x width), distributed throughout the specimen. The surface is rough and hispid; firm consistency and circular oscules present at the top of the fistulae. Colour when preserved (ethanol 80%) is reddish brown, colour in life is unknown.
Skeleton ( Fig. 2B).Ectosoma multilayered compact crust of tangential spicules, with multispicular fiber bundles (69– 83.3–102 µm, diameter). Cross-linked choanosomal skeleton with multispicular tracts (81– 107.7–125 µm) forming well-defined circular meshes (125– 383.7–625 µm). Spicules ( Fig. 2C).Oxeas (174– 210.1–232 / 6– 6.9–8 µm): curved, smooth, robust and with telescopic tips. Raphidiform oxeas (97 –162.1–230 /2.6 µm): smooth, smaller and thinner.
Distribution and ecology.Endemic from PernambucoState, Brazil( Hechtel 1976; 1983; Santos et al. 2002; Muricy et al. 2011) ( Fig. 1). This specimen was found over calcareous algae.
Etymology.Named after George Hechtel, the authority who designed Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983.
Remarks. Hechtel (1983)described the species from a single specimen, the holotype(YPM 5705), collected in PernambucoState. We found a topotype specimen (UFPEPOR 3172), described herein. This specimen and the holotypehave very similar features; both have a semispherical body with small fragmented fistulae. Their spicule complement of oxeas and its dimensions are similar (see Table 1). About the homonymy Oceanapia nodulosa, Topsent (1928)described from the Azores a new species, Phloeodictyon nodulosum. Hechtel (1983)described the new species Rhizochalina nodulosawithout observing that Van Soest (1980)had already proposed the genus Rhizochalinaand Phloeodictyonas synonyms of Oceanapia. According to the International Code of Zoological Name ( ICZN 1999: 52.2) the name Oceanapia nodulosa( Hechtel, 1983)should be rejected. Oceanapia hechteli nom. nov.is herein proposed as a replacement for Oceanapia nodulosa( Hechtel, 1983)homonym of Oceanapia nodulosa( Topsent, 1928). TABLE 1.Comparative micrometric data on the spicules, shape and distribution overview of Oceanapiaspecies from Atlantic Ocean. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as follows: minimum–maximum or minimum– mean–maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed after the table. Species Region / Depth (m) Shape / Colour Spicules Megascleres Microscleres Oceanapia cordia sp. nov. Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / 211 Ovate body, fistulae on the top / Beige 258– 284.9–312 / 6– 7.7–9 (Oxeas) - Oceanapia magna sp. nov. Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / 108 Semispherical body with numerous digitated fistulae / Brown 125– 218.3–408 / 2– 8.8–14 (Oxeas) 10– 18.1–45 (Sigmas) Oceanapia hetcheli nom. nov.(Present study) Pernambuco State, Brazil / 30 Semispherical with few fragmented fistulae / Reddish brown 174– 210.1–232 / 6– 6.9–8 (Oxeas) 97– 162.1–230 / 2.6 (Raphidiform oxeas) Oceanapia hetcheli nom. nov. sensuHechtel, 19831 Pernambuco State, Brazil / 27 Dome-shaped, cylindrical to volcano-shaped projections / Reddish brown 180 / 5 (Oxeas) 85 / 2.5 (Raphidiform oxeas) Oceanapia topsenti nom. nov. sensuTopsent, 19282 Azores / 400 Piriform with fragmented fistulae / Not recorded 265–280 / 15–18 (Oxeas) - Oceanapia stalagmitica(Present study) Pará State, Brazil / Not recorded Spherical, numerous fistulae on top / Beige 113– 146.8–167 / 3– 4.8–6 (Oxeas) 19– 27.2–35 (Sigma) 19– 28.8–37 (Toxa) Oceanapia stalagmitica(Wiedenmayer, 1977)3 Bahamas / 8–400 Semi incrusting base, cushion shape, fistulae projections / Red-brown 100– 132–155 / 3.5– 4.2–5 (Oxeas) 11– 19–32 (Sigma) 10– 23–32 (Toxa) Oceanapia bartschi(De Laubenfels, 1934)4 Puerto Rico / 146–220 Basal mass which arise fistulae / Green (Ethanol) 250 / 5 (Strongyles) - Oceanapia bartschi sensuLehnert & Van Soest 19995 Jamaica / 85 Vase shaped, numerous fistulae cover the surface / Blackish brown 78–300 / 2–10 (Strongyles) - Oceanapia bartschi sensuCampos, Mothes, Eckert & Van Soest, 20056 Brazil / Not recorded Globular, single larger central oscules / Not recorded 218– 272.8–313 / 5– 8.1–9 (Strongyles) - Oceanapia aerea(Topsent, 1904)7 Azores / 1250 Thin fistulae / Dark green 143–160 / 10 (Oxeas) - Oceanapia ascidia(Schmidt, 1870)8 Florida / 220 Globular with tubes projections / Not recorded 200 (Oxeas) - Oceanapia ascidia sensuVan Soest, 20179 Guyana and Suriname / 51–98 Body rounded, sturdy fistulae over the main body / Pale brown or pink tinges I = 219– 255–271 / 8.5– 12.1–14 II = 77– 104–129 / 3– 5.2–7 (Oxeas) - Oceanapia atlanticaLévi, 196910 South Africa / Not recorded Amorphous / Yellow 190–210 / 5–8 (Oxeas) 30–35 (Sigmas) Oceanapia cancapDe Weerdt & Van Soest, 198611 Azores / 200–260 Four fistulae fragments / Red brown 320 / 8 (Oxeas) 20 (Sigmas) 50–75 (Toxas) ......continued on the next pageReferences: (1) Hechtel (1983); (2) Topsent (1928); (3) Wiedenmayer (1977); (4) De Laubenfels (1934); (5) Lehnert & Van Soest (1999); (6) Campos et al. (2005); (7) Topsent (1904); (8) Schmidt (1870); (9) Van Soest (2017); (10) Lévi (1969); (11) De Weerdt & Van Soest (1986); (12) Topsent (1892); (13) Schmidt (1880); (14) Carter (1882); (15) George & Wilson (1919); (16) Zea (1987); (17) Van Soest & Sass (1981); (18) Bowerbank (1866).
1917075839
[151,770,925,947]
Brazil
Pernambuco
2
365
1
Pernambuco
1917075828
1967-04-05
Brazil
Recife
30
-8.100556
Material
21
-34.701946
Recife Municipality
2
365
1
Pernambuco
1917075820
YPM
Brazil
27
Recife
Photographs
2
365
YPM 5705
1
Pernambuco
holotype