Taxonomy of Oceanapia Norman, 1869 (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Phloeodictyidae) from the Brazilian coast
Neto, Carlos Santos
Nascimento, Elielton
Cavalcanti, Thaynã
Pinheiro, Ulisses
Zootaxa
2018
2018-08-02
4455
2
363
376
48BW9
Neto & Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2018
Neto & Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro
2018
[151,371,1858,1884]
Demospongiae
Phloeodictyidae
Oceanapia
GBIF
Animalia
Haplosclerida
7
370
Porifera
species
magna
sp. nov.
Typelocality: Brazil: Rio Grande do NorteState: Potiguar Basin. Typespecimens: Holotype.UFPEPOR 1998 ( 04°44'53.7’’S 36°25’27.4’’W), Potiguar Basin, Rio Grandedo Norte State, Brazil, depth 108 m, trawl, coll. Petrobrás( 23/V/2011). Paratypes.UFPEPOR 2266 and UFPEPOR 2285, collected at the typelocality.
Diagnosis.Semispherical sponge with large fistulae, large oxeas (125–408 / 2–14 µm) and sigmas (10–45 µm). External morphology ( Fig. 5A–B).The holotypeconsists of a semispherical body of 30 cm(diameter). Despite its large size, part of the specimen remained in situat the time of collection, and it can be deduced that the size of the sponge was larger. On the upper side, there are numerous digitated fistulae of irregular shape, fragile and easily broken. Simple fistulae (0.7–6.5 x 0.5–1.8 cm, length x width) and fused fistulae (3.5–8.5 x 1.5–4 cm, length x width). Hispid and irregular surface covered by other sponges. Surface hard and firm, forming a cortex ( 0.5–2 cm, thickness). Colour brown when preserved (ethanol 80%), unknown in life.
Skeleton ( Fig. 5C–D).Ectosome organic, formed by a tangencial skeleton of single oxeas and debris, supported by a subdermal reticulation of criss-crossing spicule tracts (50– 94.6–133 µm, diameter, meshes 100– 372.2–633 µm, diameter). The choanosomal skeleton is an irregular network of multispicular tracts (83– 174.2–333 µm) forming irregular meshes (100– 410.1–1165 µm) and some ascending multispicular tracts. The fistulae have an ectosomal skeleton quite differentiated, formed by multispicular tracts and irregular meshes interconnected by single spicules. Spicules ( Fig. 6).Oxeas (125– 218.3–408 / 2– 8.8–14 µm): smooth, straight and slightly curved, with variably shaped points (acerate, hastate and blunt) ( Fig. 6A –B). Sigmas (10– 18.2–45 µm): smooth, thin and rare, found in the sponge body, absent in the fistulae ( Fig. 6C).
Distribution and ecology.Known only from Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do NorteState, Brazil, from a slope at 108 mdeep ( Fig. 1).
Etymology.Adjective derived from Latin magnaand refers to the large size of the specimens.
Remarks.The most similar species are O. atlantica, O. carottaand O. oleracea. Oceanapia atlanticais amorphous, and its oxeas and sigmas are larger than the new species. Oceanapia carottahas a spherical shape and its fistulae are not digitiform, and oxeas are smaller than found in O. magna sp. nov.( Tables 1–2). Oceanapia oleraceahas a spherical shape with fistulae on the top, and its oxeas are smaller in length and width than the new species (see Tab 1). Compared to other species of Oceanapiain the Atlantic Ocean, Oceanapia magna sp. nov.is distinguished from O. bartschi, O. hondurasensisand O. niduliformisby the presence of strongyles. Oceanapia magna sp. nov.differs from O. cordia sp. nov., O. topsenti nom. nov., O. aerea, O. ascidia, O. coriacea, O. elongata, O. fibulata, O. isodictyiformis, O. nodosa, O. nodulosa, O. peltata, O. penicilliformis, O. reticulataand O. robustaby their absence of microscleres. Oceanapia magna sp. nov.differs from O. cancapand O. stalagmiticabecause they have toxas which are not found in the new species. Oceanapia hetcheli nom. nov.has as spicule complement oxeas and raphidiform oxeas, while Oceanapia magna sp. nov.has oxeas and sigmas.
1917075802
[151,889,1964,1989]
Brazil
Rio Grande do Norte
7
370
1
Rio Grande do Norte
holotype
1917075787
[199,1436,2000,2025]
-4.7482505
Potiguar Basin
1
-36.42428
Rio Grande
7
370
2
holotype
1917075734
2011-05-23
Petrobras
Brazil
108
Norte State
8
371
2
paratype