Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1853 Hypostomus hypostomus Heckel, in Kner 1853 Hypostomus cochliodon Loricaria melanoptera Natterer, in Kner 1853 Hypostomus cochliodon The species of the Hypostomus cochliodon group (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Jonathan W. Armbruster Zootaxa 2003 249 1 60 3NZ6W urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7520B3CD-59C7-4425-A30E-1336A0B2AADD Loricariidae Hypostomus CoL Animalia Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1854:265 [15] Siluriformes 21 Chordata species cochliodon  (Fig. 7)   Hypostomus cochliodon Kner 1853: 265-267, pl. 2 fig. 1.  Hypostomus hypostomus Heckel, in Kner 1853: 265 (name published in synonymy of Hypostomus cochliodon).  Loricaria melanoptera Natterer, in Kner 1853: 265 (name published in synonymy of Hypostomus cochliodon)  Material examined:  UNKNOWN LOCALITY.  AMNH97884, 2, (80.9-155.5).  BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio Cujaba, NMW46277, 1 (152.9, lectotype) and NMW44101 (179.3, paralectotype). Near Cuiaba, AMNH97880, 9, 1 cs, (68.9-124.2). Arroio, Rio do Bugre - Rio Jauru - Rio Paraguai dr. at km 165 on Estrada Porto Esperidiao/Pontes e Lacerda (BR 174), ca 48 km de Esperidiao, USNM326357, 4, 1 cs, (75.8-143.6). Arroio Cruzando, Rio Paraguai dr. on estrada Tangara da serra 1, Barra do Bugres, near nova Olimpia, USNM326319, 2, 1 cs, (70.5-96.6).  PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Arroyo Ytyguazu, RioParaguay dr. Primavera, Caacupe, ANSP124105, 1, (111.4).  RioApa, RioParaguay dr. ca 0.5 km upstream (=east) of bridge between Brazil and Paraguay in Bella Vista, 22°06’30”S, 56°30’W, UMMZ206797, 6, (122.6-211.38).  Amambay: RioAquidaban, RioParaguay dr. at Paso Horqueta, ca 24 km NNW of Loreto, 23°03’48”S, 57°23’W, UMMZ207821, 1, (151.4).  RioAquidaban, RioParaguay dr. in Parque Nacional Cerro Cora ca 32 km WSW of Pedro Juan Caballero, 22°38’12”S, 56°03’W, UMMZ206767, 1, (130.0).  RioAquidaban, RioParaguay dr. Parque Nacional Cerro Cora, USNM232310, 1, (131.1),  USNM232312, 2, (119.4-164.4), and USNM232311, 1, (146.7).  Canendiyu: RioJejui, Rio JejuiGuazu - RioParaguay dr. ca. 41 km N Curuquaty and 2 km S Ygantini, 24°08’12”S, 55°37’W, UMMZ206338, 3, 3 cs, (142.2-168).   Concepcion: Rio Ypane, RioParaguay dr. at ferry crossing, ca 2.0 km S by dirt road to Belen (which is ca 18 km ESE Concepcion), 23°29’30”S, 57°15’W, UMMZ207988, 5, 2 cs, (80.3-113.1) and UMMZ207989, 3, (66.1-76.3).  Cordillera: RioLa Plata dr. 1.6 km by road S of Tobati, UMMZ203865, 1, (140.8). Arroyo Tobati, RioParaguay dr. small river ca. 0.3 km E of dirt road, 1.6 km S of Tobati, 25°18’30”S, 57°04’W, UMMZ205771, 1, (151.6) and UMMZ205770, 1, (148.0). Arroyo Tobati, RioPiribebuy - RioParaguay dr. ca 0.1 km east of Tobati, 25°16’14”S, 57°03’W, UMMZ205809, 1, (106.5). Arroyo Yaguary-Guazu, RioAquidaban dr. at bridge on dirt highway (Route #5) ca 26.1 km NE of junction with Route#, ca 68 km WSW of Pedro Juan Caballero, 27°47’24”S, 56°21’W, UMMZ206691, 1, 147.0).  Paraguari: RioTebicuary dr. Salto de Pirareta, ca. 400 m below falls, 5.8 km S. of Piribebuy and 10 km W on dirt road, UMMZ205673, 3, (112.4-170.5).  San Pedro: Rio Ypane, RioParaguay dr. on S bank at bridge on dirt highway, 52.7 km S of jct. with highway #5 at Yby-Yau, 23°27’18”S, 56°31’W, UMMZ208023, 1, (164.0) and UMMZ208024, 2, (94.9-120.1).  Villa Hays: no exact locality, FMNH59735, 1, (151.7).  Diagnosis: Hypostomus cochliodoncan be distinguished from all other members of the H. cochliodongroup by its almost entirely brown coloration with ventral half of dorsal plate row and dorsal half of supramedian plate row slightly lighter than lower rows forming a tan stripe, and spots, when present, small and widely placed (vs. spots usually welldeveloped and closely placed). Unlike most other members of the H. cochliodongroup, H. cochliodoncan also be entirely dark brown with no spots anywhere on the body (other members of the H. cochliodongroup may be very dark, but will retain spots on fins or the abdomen).  Description: See Hypostomus cochliodongroup description for more details. Morphometric data given in Table 1. Color normally almost entirely dark brown with wide, tan stripes dorsally and ventrally. Tan dorsal stripe on ventral half of dorsal plate row and dorsal half of supramedian plate row; stripe sometimes crossed by dark saddles or with dark spots anteriorly. Tan ventral stripe on ventral half of inframedian plate row and entire ventral plate row. Dorsal stripe forks on nape with one branch continuing straight to eye and other branch ending at posterior tip of supraoccipital. Tan wedge occasionally present at base of supraoccipital crest. Dorsal surface of snout light or mottled. Spots on body often absent, but sometimes present on any part of the body, well separated from one another. Abdomen colored as sides, but usually slightly lighter. Color entirely dark brown without spots in some individuals. Dorsal fin usually short, not reaching preadipose plate when depressed in most specimens. Depressed pectoral-fin spine ventral to pelvic fin reaches beyond bases of pelvic-fin rays. Tip of pectoral-fin spine of nuptial males with stout, recurved, hypertrophied odontodes. Keels moderate to well-developed; keel odontodes occasionally sharp. Orbits forming ridge distinctly raised above medial surface of head; ridges of dorsal and lateral aspect of head well-developed. Longitudinal ridge on pterotic-supracleithrum beginning at posterodorsal corner of eye formed from raised bone and slightly larger odontodes present. Opercle usually supporting much more than 10 odontodes; in some specimens the opercle does not support odontodes (see Comments). Nuptial body odontodes present (Fig. 2B). Plates in skin anterior to dorsal-fin spines few or absent (Fig. 6A; Table 7). Each jaw with 6-27 teeth (mode = 12). Size of teeth variable (see Comments). Average angle between dentaries 68° (SD = 14°; range: 42°-99°; N=30). Lateral line plates 26-30; dorsal plates 7-8; interdorsal plates 5-7; adipose caudal plates 9-11.  Range: The upper 2/3 of the RioParaguay basin of Brazil and Paraguay (Fig. 8). Hypostomus cochliodonis allopatric to all other species of the H. cochliodongroup.  Comments: The smallest juveniles often have teeth very similar to algivorous-detritivorous species of Hypostomus. As Hypostomus cochliodongrow, the teeth apparently are replaced by successively larger, more spoon-shaped teeth, and tooth number decreases. Hypostomus cochliodonis variable in color pattern, size of keels, and number of odontodes on the opercle (0 to 30). The variation in number of odontodes may indicate that H. cochliodonas presently delimited may represent more than one species; however, the variation in opercular odontode number does not appear to be correlated with variation in other characteristics. 1058481184 AMNH Brazil AMNH 97884 1058481138 Brazil Mato Grosso 1058481167 Brazil Mato Grosso 1058481108 Brazil Mato Grosso 1058481083 Brazil Mato Grosso 1058481185 Brazil Mato Grosso 1058481133 Paraguay Alto Paraguay 1058481034 Paraguay Alto Paraguay 1058481147 Paraguay Amambay 1058481197 Paraguay Amambay 1058481057 Paraguay Amambay 1058481159 Paraguay Amambay 1058481042 Paraguay Amambay 1058481207 Paraguay Canendiyu 1058481181 Paraguay Concepcion 1058481175 Paraguay Concepcion 1058481049 Paraguay Cordillera 1058481080 Paraguay Cordillera 1058481054 Paraguay Cordillera 1058481072 Paraguay Cordillera 1058481070 Paraguay Cordillera 1058481161 Paraguay Paraguari 1058481215 Paraguay San Pedro 1058481188 Paraguay San Pedro 1058481160 Paraguay Villa Hays