Physaloptera Checklist of nematode parasites of amphibians from Argentina González, Cynthya Elizabeth Inés, Hamann Monika Zootaxa 2015 3980 4 451 476 Rudolphi, 1819 Rudolphi 1819 [151,506,1050,1077] Secernentea Physalopteridae Physaloptera Animalia Spirurida 10 461 Nematoda genus   Material deposited:CECOAL 0 3023543, 0 8102210 (  R. fernandezae), CECOAL 0 303361 (  R. major), CECOAL 0 3013425 (  R. schneideri), CECOAL 0 5040701 (  S. acuminatus), CECOAL 99012801 (  L. bufonius), FBCBPC 1000-3 (  P. biligonigerus), CECOAL 0 3074252 (  P. santafecinus), CECOAL 0 6030612 (  P. albonotatus), CECOAL 0 6073104 (  S. nasicus).   References: Gutiérrez et al. (2005), González & Hamann (2006a; 2006b; 2007a; 2008; 2010a; 2012b), Hamann et al. (2009b; 2010; 2013).  Life cycle:Species of  Physalopteraare parasites of mammals and reptiles, which acquire the infections from ingesting insects containing infective larvae. Larvae ingested by possible paratenic hosts (such as anurans) generally attach to the gastric mucosa and can persist for varying periods of time ( Anderson 2000).