A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguacu basin, southeastern Brazil. Vinícius Abilhoa Luiz Fernando Duboc Zootaxa 2007 1587 43 52 34PZ 7993 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4DB39814-5BBA-4D7B-8C5D-F830AB26824D Characidae Astyanax CoL Animalia Astyanax Baird & Girard 1854:26 Characiformes 43 Chordata genus  The genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854is diverse and widespread in freshwaters of South America, including at least 86 described species (Lima et al., 2003). Astyanaxis likely a non-monophyletic genus (Weitzman & Malabarba, 1998), and the taxonomic status of some species is not completely clear. During field expeditions to the rio da Varzeaheadwaters, a tributary of the upper portions of the rio Iguacuin ParanaState, Brazil (Fig. 1), a new characid species was collected that presents the morphological features of the A. scabripinnis species complex. This non-monophyletic group, proposed by Moreira-Filho & Bertollo (1991) and subsequently discussed by Bertaco & Malabarba (2001) and Bertaco & Lucena (2006), possesses an elongated body (2.6 to 3.6 body depth in SL), a reduced number of branched anal-fin ray (13 to 21), a tall head region, and body deepest over middle of pectoral fins.