Taxonomy of the armored catfish genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) revisited, with the description of a new species Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta Britto, Marcelo R. Isbrücker, Isaäc Jan Hendrik Pavanelli, Carla Simone Neotropical Ichthyology 2022 e 220040 2022-10-14 20 3 1 159 HHGD Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis, 2014 Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis 2014 [687,1260,824,849] Callichthyidae Aspidoras Animalia Siluriformes 73 74 Chordata species gabrieli   Diagnosis.  Aspidoras gabrielican be distinguished from its congeners, with exception of  A. albater,  A. aldebaran, and  A. lakoi, by having inner laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 extremely well developed ( vs.well developed in  A. azaghal,  A. depinnai,  A. fuscoguttatus; moderately or well developed in  A. poecilus; moderately developed in  A. belenos,  A. maculosus,  A. mephisto, and  A. raimundi; poorly developed in  A. psammatidesand  A. velites); from  A. aldebaranplus  A. depinnai,  A. poecilus,  A. psammatides,  A. raimundi, and  A. velitesby presenting relatively wide frontal bone, with width equal to or slightly larger than half of entire length ( vs.narrow, with width slightly smaller than half of entire length in  A. aldebaran,  A. depinnai,  A. poecilus,  A. raimundi, and  A. velites; extremely narrow, with width conspicuously smaller than half of entire length in  A. psammatides); from  A. albaterby having smoothly furcate caudal fin ( vs.acutely furcate), and dorsolateral body plates on predorsal region more distant from their counterparts ( vs.dorsolateral body plates touching or closer to their counterparts); from  A. lakoiit differs by the absence of a pointed process on anterodorsal portion of infraorbital 1 ( vs.presence of such process).  Conservation status.  Aspidoras gabrieli is currently known from tributaries of the rio Paraupebas, lower rio Tocantinsbasin, Serra dos Carajás, Pará State. Althoughits known geographical distribution is relatively restricted,  A. gabrieliwas described based on a conspicuously large typeseries, indicating that the species is abundant in its natural habitat. Also, no threat to the species is currently suspected. Accordingto the International Unionfor Conservation of Nature( IUCN)categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019),  Aspidoras gabrielican be classified as Least Concern (LC).   Remarks.  Aspidoras gabrieliwas described based mainly on two diagnostic features: (I) rays and interradial membranes of the dorsal and pectoral fins densely pigmented, from base to tip in young individuals, with a gradual reduction in pigmentation on the fin tips over the course of ontogeny, though the base remains densely pigmented in larger individuals, and (II) inner bony margin of the pectoral spine expanded as a narrow laminar shelf with edge smooth or scarcely serrated. However, both features can also be observed in some  A. albaterspecimens ( Figs. 14A,B, 15C), which made it necessary to prepare a new diagnosis (see above). Despite  A. gabrielibeing remarkably similar to  A. albaterand also occurring in the rio Tocantinsbasin, at least two diagnostic features distinguish  A. gabrielifrom  A. albater(see Diagnosis), and therefore it remains considered valid herein.   Material examined.  Allfrom Brazil, Pará, rio Parauapebasbasin. MNRJ 51724, 2of 4, 20.4–22.4 mmSL, 2 CSof 4, 27.0– 27.8 mmSL, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Paraupebas. MPEG 17394, 5of 139, paratypes, 16.2–26.3 mmSL, unnamed tributary to the left bank of the rio Parauapebas. [651,1030,903,922] Brazil Bichuette rio Parauapebas Tencatt 73 74 1 IUCN Serra dos Carajas & Although rio Paraupebas According Also 73 74 1 Tocantins CS Brazil rio Parauapebas All Floresta Nacional de Carajas 74 75 MNRJ 51724, 2, MPEG 17394, 5 1 paratype