The " Taygetis ypthima species group " (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species
Siewert, Ricardo Russo
Zacca, Thamara
Dias, Fernando Maia Silva
Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci
Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
Casagrande, Mirna Martins
ZooKeys
2013
356
11
29
7BN8V
http://species-id.net/wiki/Taygetis_ypthima
Huebner, [1821]
Insecta
Nymphalidae
Taygetis
CoL
Animalia
Taygetis ypthima
Lepidoptera
4
15
Arthropoda
species
ypthima
Examined material. BRASIL - Bahia: Jitauna- 25-III-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27. 720 (DZUP). Rio de Contas, 150 m, 4-III-1969, 1 female, H. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.721 (DZUP). Minas Gerais: Alfenas - 27-I-2012, 1 male, Brito leg., VPI2.2-214 (ZUEC). Camanducaia - Monteverde, 1650m, 8-II-1979, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.646 (DZUP); Cambuquira - 10-XII-1968, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.432, DZ 26.433 (DZUP); 12-X-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.434 (DZUP); 15-IX-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.647 (DZUP); Conceicaodos Ouros - Rio Sapucai, 24-II-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.648 (DZUP); Marlieria- Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m, 08-IX-1972, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.718 (DZUP); 16-III-1972, 1 male, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.719 (DZUP). Itamonte - Vargem Grande, 1600m, 17-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.554 (DZUP); NE side of Itatiaia, 1300m, II-1959, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.671 (DZUP); Passa Quatro - Paiolinho, Fazenda Serra Fina, 1600m, 16-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.645 (DZUP); Virginia- Fazenda dos Campos, 1500m, 13-15-II-2010, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.540 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo - 1000m, 23-I-1983, 1 female, O.-C. Mielke leg., DZ 27.644 (DZUP); Itatiaia - 900m, 23-I-1936, 1 male, Gagarin leg., ex-coll. Gargarin, DZ 27.472; II-1958, 2 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.634, DZ 27.635 (DZUP); 1600m, 14-II-1956, 1 male and 2 females, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637, DZ 27.638, DZ 27.639 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Maromba, 1100m, 06-09-II-2011, 1 female, Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 5.372 (ZUEC); Petropolis- Independencia, 900m, 13-III-1933, 1 male, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.655 (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro - 14-XI-1920, 1 male, D'Almeidaleg., ex-coll. D'Almeida, DZ 27.654 (DZUP); Teresopolis- 1600m, 20-II-1967, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637 (DZUP). SaoPaulo: Apiai- IV-1972, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.636 (DZUP); Campos do Jordao- I.1966, 5 males and 3 females, without collector, DZ 27.369, DZ 27.579, DZ 27.588, DZ 27.589, DZ 27.591, DZ 27.597, DZ 27.602, DZ 27.603 (DZUP); 1600-2000m, 8-12-II-1982, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande, DZ 27.587, DZ 27.595 (DZUP); Parque Estadual Campos do Jordao, 1950m, 10-II-1968, 2 males, Mielke, Brown & Laroca leg., DZ 27.593, DZ 27.600 (DZUP); 1800m, 11-12-I-2001, 1 female, Brown & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); CapaoBonito - Fazenda Intervales, Sede, 950-1100m, 30-XII-1989, 1 female, Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-II-2000, 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.776 (ZUEC); 13-XII-2000, 1 male and 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 4.731, ZUEC LEP 4.732 (ZUEC); 5-6-XII-2001, 1 male and 1 female, Brown & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-I-2002, 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 802 (ZUEC); 17-I-2003, 2 males and 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.028, ZUEC LEP 1.547, ZUEC LEP 1.548, ZUEC LEP 1.549 (ZUEC); 19-I-2003, 3 males, Brown, Freitas & Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.180, ZUEC LEP 1.286, ZUEC LEP 1.305 (ZUEC); Cotia - Morro Grande, 900-1100m, 15-III-2000, 1 female, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 22-XII-2000, 1 female, Brown & Uehara-Prado leg. ZUEC LEP 1.781 (ZUEC); Imbarie- 7-I-1956, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.633 (DZUP); Jundiai- Serra do Japi, 11-V-2012, 1 female, Santos leg., BLU 246 (ZUEC); Piquete - Barreira de Piquete, 1400-1600m, 15-II-1984, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.585, DZ 27.596 (DZUP); Presidente Venceslau - without date, 2 males and 4 females, D'Almeidaleg., DZ 27.656, DZ 27.657, DZ 27.658, DZ 27.659, DZ 27.660, DZ 27.661 (DZUP); Rio Claro - 60m, 6-I-1964, 5 males and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.392, DZ 5.500, DZ 27.663, DZ 27.630, DZ 27.631, DZ 27.632 (DZUP); 16-V-1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.662 (DZUP); Salesopolis- Estacao Biologicada Boraceia, 900m, 21-II-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 27-III-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado & Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); Umuarama - 1800m, 8-15-III-1937, 8 males and 2 females, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.584, DZ 27.586, DZ 27.590, DZ 27.592, DZ 27.593, DZ 27.594, DZ 27.598, DZ 27.599, DZ 27.601, DZ 27.632 (DZUP). Parana: Foz do Iguacu- 250m, 17-II-1969, 3 males, Moure & Mielke leg., DZ 26.741, DZ 1.626, DZ 27.368 (DZUP); 10-X-1969, 1 male, Krause leg., DZ 26.740 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do Iguacu, 21-24-IV-1996, 2 females, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 26.743, DZ 26.769 (DZUP); Curitiba - 900m, 20-III-1980, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.405 (DZUP); Uberaba, Tirol das Torres, 900m, 5-II-2010, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.742 (DZUP); Rolandia- Rio Tibagi, 750m, XII-1941, 1 male, Waltz leg., DZ 27.397 (DZUP). Santa Catarina: Canoinhas - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.667 (DZUP); 16-IX-1941, 1 male, Schimith leg., DZ 27.668 (DZUP); Ibirama - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP); VIII, 1 female, Pohl leg., DZ 27.670 (DZUP); XII, Pohl leg., DZ 27.669 (DZUP); Itaiopolis- 26-III-1937, 1 male, D'Almeidaleg., ex-coll. D'Almeida, DZ 27.549 (DZUP); Itajai- Agrolandia, 400m, II-1973, 1 female, Wulff leg., DZ 27.665 (DZUP); Joinville - 5-III-1974, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.778 (DZUP); SaoBento do Sul - Rio Vermelho, 850m, 10-IV-1980, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 27.640 (DZUP); 950m, 23-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.815 (DZUP); 650m, 30-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.816 (DZUP); 850m, 7-XII-1969, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.649 (DZUP); 8-I-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.643 (DZUP); 10-I-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.641 (DZUP); 7-VIII-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.650 (DZUP); 3-X-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 5.499 (DZUP); 5-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.642, DZ 27.651 (DZUP); 6-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.429, DZ 27.653 (DZUP); 4-III-1980, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.652 (DZUP); 8-V-1980, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 27.664 (DZUP); Taio- February, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul: Sao Josedo Inhacora- Alto Uruguai, 2-V-1980, 1 male, Steiniger leg., DZ 26.770 (DZUP). PARAGUAY - General Dias: Itaquiri - 400m, 15-20-I-1980, 5 males and 5 females, O.-C. Mielke & Myers leg., DZ 27.708, DZ 27.709, DZ 27.710, DZ 27.711, DZ 27.712, DZ 27.713, DZ 27.714, DZ 27.715, DZ 27.716, DZ 27.717 (DZUP). ARGENTINA - Corrientes: Santo Tome- I-1924, 1 male, D'Almeidaleg., ex-coll. D'Almeida, DZ 27.522 (DZUP). Misiones: General Manuel Belgrano - Almirante Brown, Reserva Yacutinga, 2-5-III-2007, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 27.531 (DZUP). Tucuman: Ibatim - Pueblo Viejo, 850m, 25-I-1970, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.707 (DZUP).
Diagnosis. Taygetis ypthimacan be distinguished from Taygetis drogoniby the forewing underside submarginal band, not conspicuously constricted at M3; the proximal line is oblique in M3-CuA1 to the direction of the base of the wing, disjointed of the remainder of the line from CuA1 to the inner margin; submarginal band irregular, but about the same width from M1 to the inner margin, sometimes slightly wider at M3-CuA1; hind wing underside with the discal line curved and irregular, extending from the costal margin to the inner margin; and proximal line of the submarginal band distinctly curved and irregular. Tegumen smaller; valva thinner and longer, with a smaller dorsal rough area. Signa ventral; laterally, sternum VIII fused with tergum VIII; lamella antevaginalis with two lateral process. Figure 2. Adults of Taygetis ypthima. A-Bmale A dorsal view B ventral view C-Dfemale C dorsal view D ventral view E-Hvariations in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Distribution (Fig. 8). Occurs in northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, and also in Paraguay and Argentina, from sea level to 2000 m a.s.l. Based on label data, adults are present all year round.
Taxonomic comments. This is the commonest and more widespread species of the group. The high intraspecific variation observed in Taygetisyphtimayield a number of descriptions of local forms or synonyms: Taygetis xantippeButler, [1870], Taygetis opheliaButler, 1870; Taygetis opheliaf. semibrunnea Weymer, 1910 and Taygetis ypthima[sic] ab. lineata Kivirikko, 1936, all synonyms of Taygetis ypthima( Lamas 2004; Warren et al. 2013). Based on collected specimens, different phenotypes associated with these taxonomic names frequently occur in a same locality. Furthermore, the genitalia of these specimens are exactly alike the genitalia of typical Taygetis ypthima. Nonetheless, Taygetis fulginia D'Almeida, 1922, until recently considered a synonym of Taygetis ypthima(Lamas op. cit.), is in fact a valid species, with clear differences on morphology of male and female genitalia and wing pattern (see below).