A Catalogue and Historical Study of the Odonata of Ecuador Mauffray, William F. Tennessen, Kenneth J. Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-03 4628 1 1 265 63P8Y Calvert, 1917 Calvert 1917 [151,430,1736,1763] Insecta Polythoridae Polythore Animalia Odonata 106 107 Arthropoda genus  Mostly large damselflies with patterned wings ( Figs. 58a & 58b), sometimes with only narrow black band at the tip. Twenty species have been described, of which 11 occur in Ecuador; two undescribed species in Ecuadorare known. Species identification was provided by Bick & Bick (1985, 1986).  Polythoreinhabit small streams to seepage runs in forested areas, from the lowlands to high elevations. Females lay eggs in dead fallen branches above the flowing water.   FIGURE 57. Miocora peraltica♂, ECUADOR, Esmeraldas Province, Río Canande Reserve, 35 km NE of Quininde, tributary of Río Hoja Blanca, swampy trickle in forest, 20 x 2012; photo W.A. Haber.   FIGURE 58a. Polythore derivata♂. ECUADOR, Orellana Prov., small forest stream, N of Loreto, near Reserva Río Bigal, 16 v 2009, photo K. J. Tennessen.   Polythore aurora( Selys, 1879). Publ. Recs. ECU: Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (L05), Paulson (1983), Heckman (2008), (P11), (H14); NA: * Selys (1879—type series: (originally 4 adults) 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, [now designated as lectotypeand paralectotypes, Rojas-Riano (2011a)] “Río Napo” [Tena], Río Napo(-1, -78), date?, leg.?, from McLachlan, data provided by RWG, [BMNH]), Kirby (1890), Schmidt (1942), Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993). Also PER: (P11); plus BRA: (L05), (H08). Addl. Data. Rojas-Riano (2011a)discusses the confusion of the designated typesof this species. There are no other records of this species from Ecuadordespite many field trips to the Río Napoarea near Tena. There is a possibility of mislabeling, but we retain it on the list for now.   FIGURE 58b.  Polythore concinna♂, ECUADOR, Napo Province, small stream 2.1 km S of Jatun Sacha Road, 31 x 2013; photo K. J. Tennessen.   Polythore concinna(McLachlan, 1881). Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Fraser (1946a), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14). MS: Bick & Bick (1986); Napo: Bick & Bick (1986) Tennessen (1996b), Daigle (1996); PA: *McLachlan (1881—as  T. concinna, Type series, 15 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀: “Río Bobonaza”—[  Pastaza], Río Bobonaza, ( -1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), [BMNH, IRSNB]), Kimmins (1970—designated Lectotype[BMNH]), Montgomery (1967), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993); Tennessen (2006); Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated five paralectotypes[BMNH]); PC: Bick & Bick (1986); TU: Bick & Bick (1986). Also COL: (H08), (P11); plus PER: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Addl Data. MS, Huamboya:[FSCA, KJT, SWD]; Morona:[FSCA]; NA, Archidona:[DRP, FAL, FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG, SWD, USNM]; Carlos Julio Arsemena Tola:[FSCA, RWG]; Tena:[DRP, FSCA, RWG]; OR: Francisco de Orellana:(Steve Rovell photo);  Loreto:[FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG, SWD, TWD, USNM]; PA, Mera:[FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG];  Pastaza:[FSCA, UTIC, KJT, RWG, TWD, USNM]; Santa Clara:[KJT, RWG]; PC, Quito:[FSCA, RWG]; SU, Shushufindi:[FSCA, KJT]; TU, Baños:[FSCA, RWG]. Note:  Polythore concinnawas common at a number of the locations and usually outnumbered other members of the genus.   Polythore derivata(McLachlan, 1881). Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Tennessen (1996b), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); PA: *Mclachlan (1881a—as  T. derivatatype series, 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: “Río bobonaza” [  Pastaza], Río Bobonaza ( -1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), [BMNH]), Ris (1918), Schmidt (1942), Fraser (1946a—as  P. picta derivata), Montgomery (1967), Kimmins (1970—designated Lectotype[BMNH]), Bick & Bick (1985), Bridges (1993); Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated 2 Paralectotype ♂♂s [IRSNB]); MS: Bick & Bick (1985); Napo: Bick & Bick (1985); OR: Daigle (1996), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011); PC: Bick & Bick (1985); SU: Bick & Bick (1985); TU: Bick & Bick (1985). Also COL, PER: (H08), (P11); Plus BOL: (H08). Addl. Data. MS, Huamboya:[FSCA, KJT, RWG, TWD, USNM];  LimónIndanza:[JJD, KJT]; Taisha:[RWG]; NA, Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola:[FSCA]; Tena:[DRP, FSCA]; OR, Francisco de Orellana:[FSCA, UTIC, KJT, RWG, SWD];  Loreto:[JTJ, KJT, RWG, SWD]; PA, Mera:[FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG];  Pastaza:[FSCA, KJT, TWD, USNM]; Santa Clara:[RWG]; SU, Cascales:[KJT]; Gonzalo Pizarro:[FSCA, QZAC]; Lago Agrio:[RWG, SWD]; Shushufindi:[DRP, FAL, FSCA, RWG, SWD, USNM]; TU, Baños:[FSCA]; ZC:Zamora:(C. Willigalla).   Polythore gigantea(Selys, 1853). Publ. Recs. ECU: Hagen (1877), McLachlan (1878), Ris (1918), Campos (1922—por Dr. Martin, all as  Thore gigantea), Montgomery (1967), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), Altamiranda-Saavedra et al. (2014), (H14); BO: Bick & Bick (1985), Roja-Riano (2011a); CB: * Selys (1873a); CT: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); IM: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); LR: Bick & Bick (1985); PC: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); SD: Bick & Bick (1985, 1986); TU: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Also COL, PER: (H08), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a). Note: Not reported from Ecuadorin Rojas-Riano (2011a). Addl. Data. BO, San Miguel:[FSCA, RWG]; CT, Latacunga:[RWG]; Pangua: [USNM]; Pujili: [RWG]; Sigchos: [FSCA]; IM, Ibarra: [FSCA, RWG]; LR, Quevedo:[USNM]; NA, Tena: [FSCA]; PC, Quito:[ACRP]; Mejía: DRP. RWG]; San Miguel Bancos: [SWD]; SD:[DRP, FSCA, KJT, JTJ, RWG, SWD, USNM, USFQ]; TU, Baños:[FSCA, QZAC]. Note: Primarily a high elevation species found also in the central valley, but most records are from the upper west slope.   Polythore mutata(McLachlan, 1881). Publ. Recs. ECU: Kirby (1890), Campos (1922), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Paulson (1983), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: Bick & Bick (1986); OR: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011); PA: *McLachlan (1881—as  Thore mutata,type locality: “Río Bobonaza” [BMNH]), Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967), Kimmins (1970—designated lectotype), Bick & Bick (1986), Bridges (1993), Rojas-Riano (2011a—designated 7 paralectotypesIRSNB]); SU: Bick & Bick (1986), Donnelly (1998). Also COL: (H08), (P11); plus PER: (P11). Addl. Data. NA, Carlos Julio Arsemena Tola: 1 ♂, Río Anzu( -1.2000, -77.8333,  700m),  viii 1934, leg. WCM, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ];  Tena: 1 ♂, [ Puerto Napo], Río Napo(-1.04, -77.78,  436m), date?, leg.?, det. Bick& Bick[FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, J. S.B.S.,  23 kmE Puerto Napo, tropical wet forest, streams above flood plain (  450m), leg. A. Jaramillo, det. DRP [DRP]; same data but  9–13 vi 1994, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but  3–11 xi 1994[DRP]; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, same data but  17 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [FAL, FSCA, JJD, SWD]; OR,  Franciscode Orellana: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, streams in hill forest S of Napo Riverfrom La Selva,  13 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 2 ♂♂, P.N.Y., Yasuni Biological Research Sta.along trails and roads within 5 kmof Res. Sta.( -0.6719, -76.3992,  244m),  28–31 viii 2000, leg.?, det. JJD [FSCA]; same but 1 ♂,  4 x 1998, leg. L. N. Harris, det. WFM [FSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Chorongotrail ( -0.6378, -76.1486,  224m),  11 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Chorongotrail at marker 225 ( -0.6350, -76.1503,  220m),  16–18 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [RWG, USFQ]; 5 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Matapalotrail at marker 450 ( -0.6369, -76.1458,  245m),  14–15 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, blackwater stream crossing Guacamayotrail at marker 2050 ( -0.6383, -76.1492,  220m),  17 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE]; 3 ♀♀, T. B.S., USFQ, along Guacamayotrail at marker 1700 ( - 0.6350, -76.1533,  237m),  17 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, USFQ]; 2 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, Parahuacotrail between markers 300–1300 ( -0.6397, -76.1453,  229m),  21 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [USFQ]; 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, along Chichicotrail ( -0.6300, -76.1525,  250m),  12 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE, [USFQ];  Loreto: 1 ♀, Loreto, N at pond outlet ( -0.8203, -77.3185),  2 xi 2013, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; SU,  Lago Agrio: Santa Cecilia, Río Franciscode Orellana( 0.0850, -76.9925),  25–31 iii 1969, leg. P & P Spangler, det.? [USNM];  Cascales: 1 ♂, 37 kmW of Lago Agrio, river,  20 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD];  Shushufindi: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Limoncocha( -0.4000, -76.6167,  269m),  24–26 vii 1977, leg. & det. D. Paulson[DRP]; 1 ♂, same data but, river and stream,  23 viii 1978, leg. & det. KWK [RWG]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but Río Napo,  12 xi 1974, leg. B. DrummondIII, det.? [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but  20 v 1976, leg. E. Rogers, det.? [FSCA]; 46 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀,  3–28 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Shushufindi, stream about 2 kmW,  12 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, trails, small streams  3 kmW of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy.26 at km marker 17 ( -0.1664, -76.6917,  290m),  14 v 2009, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but  13 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, same data but  14 x 2009[JTJ]; 1 ♂, [Limoncocha] E, N of La Selva Lodge, Lago Mandicocha& outlet stream “coca” [about 100 kmE on Río Napo] ( -0.4983, -76.3733,  200m),  12 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [FSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data but, forest,  22–25 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD].   Polythore neopictaBick & Bick, 1990. Publ. Recs. ECU: (H08), (P11), (H14); MS: * Tennessen (2006). Also PER: (H08), (P11). Addl. Data. GY, Guayaquil: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Guayaquil (-2.20, -79.90, 8m), ii 1921, leg. F. W. Goding, det. GHB, checked by KJT (doubtful locality data) [FSCA]; MS, Huamboya: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Río Pasanacwaterfall,  57 kmN of Macas, Hwy.45 ( -1.9532, -77.8519),  16 ix 2005, leg. & det. JJD [JJD, KJT]; 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, small stream about  1 kmS of Río Pasanac, Hwy.45 ( -1.9500, -77.8583,  800m),  16 ix 2005, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, Macas, 58 kmN on Hwy. 45 [  70 kmN of Sucua], roadside ditch and tribs near Río Pasanac( -1.9447, -77.8536,  762m),  9 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [LSAM];  Limón Indanza: 2 ♂♂, waterfall  25.3 kmN of Indanza, Hwy.45,  7 xi 1997, leg. & det. JJD [JJD, KJT];  Santiago: 1 ♂, Yuganza[just S of Yuganza],  25.3 kmN of Plan de Milagro Jct[trib to Río Yuanza], small stream with mossy rocks ( -2.8683, -78.3739,  680m),  7 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; OR,  Loreto: Loreto, 1 ♀, 8.5 kmE on road to Coca Road, rocky gravel stream ( -0.6183, -77.2950,  400m),  18 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA].   Polythore ornata( Selys, 1879). Publ. Recs. BOL, PER: Heckman (2008), Paulson (2011). Addl. Data. MS, Morona: 1 ♀, Giulca, Río Upano, 1400m, no date, leg. L. Alonzo, det. RWG from C.H.Ken- nedy – UMMZ [RWG]; 1 ♀, Macas, 15 kmW on Macas-Guamote Road, small stream and roadside seepage pools ( -2.2731, -78.1939,  1067m),  17 ix 05, leg. WFM, det. JJD, checked by WFM [FSCA].   Polythore procera( Selys, 1869). Publ. Recs. ECU: *Selys (1873a—as  Thore pictavar aequatorialis , Holotypeof  T. aequatorialis: “ Equador”, from McLachlan [BMNH]), Hagen (1875—as  T. aequatorialis), McLachlan (1878— as  T. procera), Kirby (1890—as  T. aequatorialis), Campos (1922—as  T. aequatorialis), Fraser (1946a—as  P. picta), Ris (1918—as  T. aequatorialis), Kimmins (1970—as  T. pictavar aequatorialis), Tsuda (1986, 1991), (L05), Paulson (1983), Bridges (1993), (H08), (P11), (H14); BO: Bick & Bick (1985); CB: Selys (1873a—as  T. gigantearace procera), Bick & Bick (1985); MS: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (2006); Rojas-Riano (2011a); NA: Bick & Bick (1985), Daigle (1996); PA: McLachlan (1881), Bick & Bick (1985), Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); PC: Selys (1873a—as  T. giganteanrace procera), Bick & Bick (1985); SU: Bick & Bick (1985); TU: Bick & Bick (1985), Rojas-Riano (2011a); ZC: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen & Johnson (2008). Also BRA, COL: (L05), (H08), (P11). Addl. Data. CB, Camada:[FSCA, RWG]; EO, Piñas:[JTJ]; LJ, Loja: [UTIC]; MS, Morona:[FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG]; NA, Archidona:[FSCA, JJD, KJT, RWG]; El Chaco:[SWD]; Tena:[RWG]; PA, Mera:[FSCA, JTJ, KJT, RWG];  Pastaza:[KJT]; SD:[FSCA, JTJ, KJT]; SU, Gonzalo Pizarro:[DRP, FAL, QZAC, RWG]; TU, Baños:[FSCA, RWG, SWD]; ZC, Zamora:[FSCA, KJT, USNM].   Polythore terminataFraser, 1946. Publ. Recs. ECU: Tsuda (1991), De Marmels (1999), Daigle et al.(1996), (P11), (H14); MS: * Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (1998); NA: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen (1998); ZC: Bick & Bick (1985), Tennessen & Johnson (2008). Also PER, VEN: (H08), (P11). Addl. Data. MS, Limón Indanza: 2 ♂♂, stream, Hwy.45,  25.3 kmN of Indanza( -2.9217, -78.4031,  1110m),  7 vi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [KJT];  Morona: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Macas, Río Upano( -2.3167, -78.1167,  1050m),  i 1939, leg.?, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mangosisa, Río Upano( -2.5244, -77.8947,  850m),  xi 1945, leg. L Alonzo, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, same data but [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Macas, Río Upano(-2.30, -78.10,  1050m), date?, leg. L. Alonzo, det. GHB [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Macas 15.7 kmW on Macas-Guamote Road, small stream ( -2.2689, -78.1936,  1463m),  17 ix 2005, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA, LSAM, QZAC]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT];  Santiago: 2 ♂♂, Chupianza( -2.6833, -78.3000,  1364m),  ii 1939, leg.?, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [AMNH];  Sucua: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Sucua( -2.4667, -78.1667,  800m),  ii 1939, leg.?, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; NA,  Archidona: 1 ♂, Archi- dona (-0.91, -77.81,  573m), date?, leg. R. Haensch, det. GHB [FSCA]; 1 ♀, Jondachi( -0.7167, -77.8000,  1000m),  15 xi 1976, leg. H. Real, det. GHB [RWG]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Archidona( -0.9167, -77.800, 604m),  13 x 1976–  18 xii 1976, leg. H. Real, det. GHB [RWG]; 1 ♂, [Narupa] E on road to Loreto  43.5 kmW of Loretoseep near large rocky river [Río Hollin] ( -0.7022, -77.7189,  1036m),  15 vii 1996, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but  14 xi 1997[KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; OR,  Loreto: 2 ♂♂, rocky river seeps, 34.2 kmW of Loreto on Loreto Road( -0.7417, -77.5517,  900m),  19 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JJD [JJD]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; ZC,  Zamora: 1 ♂, stream/waterfall, near entrance of Podocarpus Nat. Pk., S of Zamora( -4.1053, -78.9639),  2 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, trails, Podocarpus Nat. Pk.( -4.1144, -78.9642,  1040m),  2 iv 2008, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♀, stream/waterfalls on trails, Podocarpus Nat. Pk.( -4.1217, -78.9728,  1070m),  2 iv 2008, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, stream 5 kmN of Guaguayme Alto( -3.8778, -78.8928,  880m),  4 iv 2008, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Zamora( -4.0692, -78.9567,  1000m),  15 x 1941, leg. D. Laddey, det. Bick& Bick, data provided by RWG [UMMZ]; 1 ♀, same data but  25 x 1941[FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but  xi 1941[FSCA]; 1 ♂, stream crossing road just before the village of Guadalupe( -3.9113, -78.8575),  20 viii 2006, leg. & det. JCA [UTIC]; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, stream off road to village of Guadalupe, N of Zamora( -3.8758, -78.8923),  21 viii 2006, leg. & det. JCA [UTIC];  Nangaritza: 2 ♂♂, Cordillera de Condor,  20 kmSE Paquisha,  21 ix 1990, leg. OSF, det. SWD [SWD, USNM].   Polythore victoria(McLachlan, 1869). Publ. Recs. PI: Rojas-Riano (2011a); PA: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Also BOL, COL, PER: Rojas-Riano (2011a). Note: Not much is known about the distribution or biology of this species. Specimen data is from the early 19th century.   Polythore vittata( Selys, 1869). Publ. Recs. ECU:* Fraser (1946a), Montgomery (1967—as  Thore vittatarace aequatorialis), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), Lencioni (2005), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a), (P14); MS: Bick & Bick (1986); PA: Bick & Bick (1986). Also BRA, PER: (L05), (P11), Rojas-Riano (2011a). Addl. Data. EO, Piñas: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Moromoro (-3.72, -79.73, 1500m), 22 vii 1941, leg. D. Laddey, det. Bick & Bick1985[FSCA]; 1 ♂, same data but 14 vii 1941[FSCA]; PA,  Pastaza: Río Bobonaza ( -1.5833, -77.8000, 600m), date?, leg.?, det. Bick & Bick 1985[RWG]. Note: The status of  vittata,  pictaand their relationship to  proceraare still uncertain. A specimen labeled “Macas via Riobamba” was listed by Bick & Bick (1986)as “ Chimborazoor Morona-Santiago.” We consider it to be MS.    Polythoreunresolved:There are several specimens in various collections that have not been determined and may represent undescribed species:   Polythoren. sp. (to be described by KJT: AZ, Santa Isabela: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, stream, 21 kmE of Hwy. 25, road from Balao Jct.( -2.9400, -79.5625), 11 iv 2008, leg. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♀, same data but leg. JTJ [JTJ];   Polythoresp.: PA, Santa Clara:adult, 25 kmN id Puyo, 11 xi 1988, leg. R. K. Robbins [USNM].