Cowley, 1941 : 145 tenuis Garrison et al. (2010 : 379 A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Garrison, Rosser W. Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 4N6G3 Cowley, 1941 Cowley 1941 [151,530,1310,1336] Insecta Protoneuridae Protoneura Animalia Odonata 26 27 Arthropoda species klugi     Protoneura klugi  Cowley, 1941: 145–173, Figs. 1–23(description of ♂and ♀, illustrations of color pattern, male S10, genital ligula, female pronotum, and ovipositor, map, key to species in  tenuis- group;— Hoffmann (2009: 63; Peru);—von Ellenrieder (2009b; IUCN assessment);—  Garrison et al.(2010: 379);—von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011: 43; Ecuador).   Primary types. Holotype ♂. Peru, Loreto, Iquitos,  v 1938, G.G. Klugleg. [ BMNH].    Specimens examined. 29 ♂ 5 ♀: ECUADOR, OrellanaProv.:  8 ♂, Tiputini Biodiversity Station USFQ, stream crossing Chorongotrail ( 0°38'16'' S, 76°8'55'' W,  224 m),  11–16 i 2009, R.W. Garrison& N. von Ellenriederleg. [ CSCA];  3 ♂, same data but [RWG];  4 ♂ 1 ♀(one pair in tandem), same data but stream crossing Matapalotrail at marker 450 ( 0°38'13'' S, 76°8'45'' W,  245 m),  14–15 i 2009, R.W. Garrison& N. von Ellenriederleg. [ CSCA];  4 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but [RWG];  1 ♀, same data but stream crossing Numatrail at marker 100, muddy bottom, shady ( 0°38'18'' S, 76°0'37'' W,  220 m),  10 i 2009[ CSCA];  1 ♂, Shiripuno River, Shiripuno Lodge,  26 kmSE of Shiripunobridge, oxbow forest swamp ( 1°6'17'' S, 76°43'54'' W,  235 m),  23–26 i 2009, D. Wagner, W. Haber et al.leg. [RWG]; SucumbiosProv.:  3 ♂, Shushufindipipeline,  3.5 kmNW of Shushufindi village, small streams crossing dirt road and oil pipeline ( 0°9'58'' S, 76°41'31'' W,  295 m),  24 i 2011, D. Wagner, R. Vargus, W. Haber et al.leg. [RWG].  PERU,  LoretoDept.:  1 ♀, Iquitos{ 3°51' S, 73°13' W,  100 m},  v 1938, G.G. Klugleg. [ UMMZ];  1 ♂, Explornapo Campat junction of Sucusari Riverand NapoRiver at Llachapa{ 3°16'33'' S, 72°56'18'' W,  97 m},  27 viii 1989, S.W. Dunkleleg. [ FSCA];  2 ♂, same data but  14 vii 1991, S.W. Dunkleleg. [RWG];  3 ♂ 1 ♀, same data but  30 vi 1991, S.W. Dunkleleg. [RWG].  Characterization.Male: Epicranium black with copper to greenish metallic reflections, dorsum of thorax black with reddish-orange stripes, and dorsum of abdomen black with narrow light blue basal spots on S3–7 and transverse whitish yellow spot on posterior half of S10, sometimes interrupted dorsally; pale colors reddish orange, pale whitish yellow to pale blue ( Fig. 11). Pronotum black with large orange spot on middle lobe dorsum. Mesepisternum black with orange stripe extending along humeral suture for its basal half, then branching into a long arm directed posteromedially and narrowing distally, and orange stripe extending over distal 2/3 of middorsal carina; mesepimeron black; metepisternum pale yellow with anterior and posterodorsal margins black; metepimeron black with whitish yellow posterior 1/3 to 1/2. Coxa, trochanter, and base of femur whitish yellow, remainder of leg black; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula with distal margin approximately straight and with laterodistal corners projected ventrally and with bifid tips ( Fig. 81). Cercus slightly shorter than S10 length, slightly shorter than paraproct, about twice as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin slightly concave in lateral view ( Fig. 107a), with a small ventrobasal blunt tooth on outer surface; medial surface slightly concave, with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth, a partially membranous laminar medial lobe with tip located distal to midlength of cercus; tip of cercus curved medially forming a subapical blunt tooth, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 107b, c). Paraproct about as long as S10 length, at basal third narrowing to half its basal and digitiform ( Fig. 107). TL 36–38; Hw 16.5–17.5. Female: As male but pale colors pale yellow; pronotum with anterior and lateral margins yellow; mesepisternum black with pale yellow upper portion of humeral stripe along basal 2/3 of suture, lacking medioposteriorly directed arm; pale area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 1/2 of segment height ( Fig. 35). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, directed posterodorsally, with sides straight and tip smoothly convex. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular and flat, with a transverse carina adjacent to mesostigmal plate posterior margin ( Fig. 57). TL 30.5–31.5; Hw 17.5–18.   Diagnosis.  Protoneura klugishares male cercus longer than wide and with a laminar lobe on medial surface with  P. calverti,  P. macintyrei,  P. scintilla,  P. tenuis, and  P. woytkowskii( Figs. 101; 107–108; 114; 116; 118). Among them, it shares male cerci and paraprocts no longer than S10 length with  P. macintyreiand  P. scintilla( Figs. 107–108a; 114a), and it can be distinguished from them by the narrow laminar lobe on medial surface of cercus, longer than wide ( Fig. 107b; as wide as long or wider than long in the other species, Figs. 108b; 114b). It further differs from them by genital ligula morphology, with distal end straight and laterodistal corners projected into ventral processes with bifid tips ( Fig. 81; ventral processes not bifid in  P. macintyrei, and distal end triangularly convex and laterodistal corners not projected into ventral processes in  P. scintilla, Figs. 82; 88).  Protoneura klugifurther differs from  P. macintyreiby its entirely dark tibiae (pale in  P. macintyrei) and posterior lobe of pronotum entirely black (with medial portion or less black in  P. macintyrei). Female of  P. klugishares an approximately triangular and flat mesostigmal plate with  P. macintyrei,  P. sulfurata,  P. tenuis, and  P. woytkowskii( Figs. 57; 58; 66; 68–70). It can be distinguished from them by the presence of a transverse carina adjacent to mesostigmal plate posterior margin ( Fig. 57), absent in all other species, in which mesepisternum is either smooth ( Figs. 66; 68–70) or presents a transverse tear-shaped depression with narrowly carinate posterior margin behind mesostigmal plate ( Fig. 58).  Habitat and biology.Adults are found at small shaded streams of muddy bottom within primary forest (von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2011).   Distribution. Eastern Ecuadorand Peru( Fig. 124). Assessed as Data Deficient by IUCN (von Ellenrieder 2009b). 1703062644 [151,1094,1545,1570] 1938-05 BMNH G. G. Klug Peru Iquitos 26 27 1 1 Loreto holotype 1703062649 [199,935,1581,1606] Ecuador Orellana 26 27 34 5 29 Orellana 1703062627 2009-01-11 2009-01-16 2009-01-11 USFQ, CSCA R. W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder Ecuador 224 -0.63777775 Chorongo 21 -76.148605 Tiputini Biodiversity Station 26 27 8 8 Orellana 1703062602 [308,618,1653,1678] 2009-01-11 2009-01-16 2009-01-11 USFQ, CSCA R. W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder Ecuador 224 -0.63777775 Chorongo 21 -76.148605 Tiputini Biodiversity Station 26 27 3 3 Orellana 1703062640 2009-01-14 2009-01-15 2009-01-14 CSCA R. W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder Ecuador 245 -0.6369444 Matapalo 21 -76.14583 Tiputini Biodiversity Station 26 27 5 1 4 Orellana 1703062626 [259,626,1725,1750] 2009-01-14 2009-01-15 2009-01-14 CSCA R. W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder Ecuador 245 -0.6369444 Matapalo 21 -76.14583 Tiputini Biodiversity Station 26 27 5 1 4 Orellana 1703062629 2009-01-10 2009-01-15 2009-01-14 CSCA R. W. Garrison & N. von Ellenrieder Ecuador 220 -0.6383333 Numa 21 -76.01028 Tiputini Biodiversity Station 26 27 1 1 Orellana 1703062655 2009-01-23 2009-01-26 2009-01-23 D. Wagner & W. Haber Ecuador 235 -1.1047223 Shiripuno Lodge 21 -76.73167 Shiripuno River 26 27 1 1 Sucumbios 1703062608 2011-01-24 PERU D. Wagner & R. Vargus & Haber & Loreto Dept. Peru 295 -0.16611111 Shushufindi 21 -76.69195 26 27 3 3 Loreto 1703062636 [576,1411,1905,1930] 1938-05 UMMZ G. G. Klug Peru 100 -3.85 Iquitos 1307 -73.21667 26 27 1 1 Loreto 1703062624 1989-08-27 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Peru Explornapo Camp 97 -3.2758334 Llachapa 21 -72.93833 Sucusari River 26 27 1 1 Napo 1703062651 [610,1265,1977,2002] 1991-07-14 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Peru Explornapo Camp 97 -3.2758334 Llachapa 21 -72.93833 Sucusari River 26 27 2 2 Napo 1703062601 1991-06-30 FSCA S. W. Dunkle Peru Explornapo Camp 97 -3.2758334 Llachapa 21 -72.93833 Sucusari River 26 27 4 1 3 Napo