A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Whitfield, James B. Janzen, Daniel H. Winifred Hallwachs, Dyer, Lee A. Smith, M. Alex Hebert, Paul D. N. Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://zoobank.org/E9D71D65-3B00-4687-B4AE-7D599EF89F4E Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Insecta Braconidae Glyptapanteles GBIF Animalia Glyptapanteles bobhanneri Hymenoptera 0 1 Arthropoda species bobhanneri  Female. Body length 2.53 mm, antenna length 2.98 mm, fore wing length 2.78 mm.  Type material.    Holotype: COSTA RICA• 1♀; 04-SRNP-33819, DHJPAR0001511];  Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Mismo; rain forest;  680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967;  01.vii.2004; Manuel Riosleg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; bud-like cocoons, scattered loose, adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on  11.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on  17.vii.2004; ( CNC).   Paratypes.• 3 ( 1♀, 1♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33819, DHJPAR0001511; same data as for holotype; ( CNC).  Other material.  Reared material.  COSTA RICA:   Areade Conservacion Guanacaste,  Guanacaste,  Sector Pitilla,  Sendero Mismo: • 3 ( 2♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33811, DHJPAR0001473; rain forest;  680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967;  01.vii.2004; Petrona Riosleg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white ridged bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 09.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.vii.2004. • 5 ( 2♀, 0 ♂) ( 3♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33810, DHJPAR0001502; same data as for preceding except: scattered white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on  06.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004. • 3 ( 1♀, 1♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33813, DHJPAR0001515; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons formed on  06.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004. • 2 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 04-SRNP-33808, DHJPAR0001518; same data as for preceding except: white bud-like cocoons formed on  06.vii.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vii.2004. • 2 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33648, DHJPAR0001525; same data as for preceding except:  23.vi.2004; Manuel Riosleg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons formed on 22.vii.2004and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 28.vii.2004.   Areade Conservacion  Guanacaste, Guanacaste,  Sector Pitilla,  Sendero  Laguna; • 3 ( 2♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-33351, DHJPAR0001531; rain forest;  680 m; 10.9888, -85.42336;  15.vi.2004; Calixto Moragaleg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 27.vi.2004; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.vii.2004.   Areade Conservacion  Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla,  EstacionQuica: • 2 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-71182, DHJPAR0031102; rain forest;  470 m; 10.99697, -85.39666;  07.vii.2008; Oscar Siezarleg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 29.vii.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.viii.2008.  Diagnosis. Precoxal groove smooth and shiny ( Figs 31A, G, H, 32A), medioanterior pit of metanotum circular without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 31G, 32G), inner margin of eyes straight throughout, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout ( Figs 31G, 32G), fore wing with 1 cu-a vein complete, touching the edge of 1-1A vein, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 31L, 32L), propodeum with a median longitudinal carina ( Figs 31G, 32G), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 31H, 32K).   Figure 31.  Glyptapanteles bobhannerisp. nov. female 04-SRNP-33819 DHJPAR0001511 AHabitus B, CHead BLaterofrontal view CDorsal view DFlagellomeres EHind coxa, lateral view FGenitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G, H, JMesosoma GDorsolateral view HVentrolateral view JLateral view IT1-2, dorsolateral view KMetasoma, lateral view L, MWings LFore MHind.   Figure 32.  Glyptapanteles bobhannerisp. nov. male 04-SRNP-33819 DHJPAR0001511 AHabitus B, CHead BLaterofrontal view CDorsal view DFlagellomeres EHind coxa, lateral view FGenitalia: parameres, lateral view G, H, JMesosoma GDorsolateral view HVentrolateral view JLateral view IT1-2, dorsal view KMetasoma, lateral view L, MWings LFore MHind.  Coloration ( Fig. 31A). General body coloration dark brown black except labrum, mandibles, glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow-brown. Eyes silver and ocelli silver/yellowish. Fore and middle legs yellow-brown, fore claws brown; hind legs yellow-brown except coxae brown-black with apex yellow-brown, apex of femora, both ends of tibiae brown and tarsomeres brown although tarsomeres 1-3 with a proximal yellow-brown ring. Petiole on T1 black-brown and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median area brown with contours darkened, adjacent area narrow and brown, and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 and beyond yellow-brown/brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 and beyond yellow, but dorsally brown, extent of brown area remains constant in each tergum. All sterna yellow, but hypopygium medially brown and some lateral parts too; ovipositor sheaths brown.  Description.  Head( Fig. 31 A-D). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.25:0.08, 0.25:0.08, 0.24:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.06, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.98, 2.53); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex with scattered finely punctate, interspaces smooth, and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate, and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes straight throughout; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.  Mesosoma( Fig. 31A, G, H, J). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum convex, punctation distinct throughout, and interspaces smooth. Scutellum long and slender, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BSonly very partially overlapping the MPM; ATSdemilune with a little and complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATSgroove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BMupward; MPMcircular without median longitudinal carina; AFMwithout setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFMthick and smooth; ATM proximally with little and incomplete parallel carinae. Propodeum with a clearly visible median longitudinal carina, proximal half straight or nearly so, with fine sculpture and distal half rugose with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and short stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.  Legs( Fig. 31A, E). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus proximally narrow and distally wide, and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.24, 0.15); entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.10).  Wings( Fig. 31L, M). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, complete, and touching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.  Metasoma( Fig. 31A, F, I, K). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, evenly narrowing distally and apex truncate (length 0.39, maximum with 0.22, minimum width 0.08) with pubescence on distal half. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.22, length T2 0.22), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area longer than broad (length 0.22 mm, maximum width 0.18, minimum width 0.08); T2 scarce pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.25, 0.22) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.  Cocoons.White bud-like cocoon with body ridge-shaped and silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoons scattered loose and adhered to the leaf substrate.  Comments. The shape of pronotum is characteristic, the distal half is convex instead of concave. The propodeum with an incomplete median longitudinal carina.  Male ( Fig. 32 A-M). Similar in coloration to females. Males tend to be slenderer than females.  Etymology. Robert (Bob) Hanner is working as Associate Director at Canadian Barcode of Life Network at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario( BIO),  University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.  Distribution. The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla ( EstacionQuica, Sendero Laguna, and Sendero Mismo), during June-July 2004 and July 2008at 680 min rain forest.  Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.  Host.   Scotura leucophlepsWarren ( Notodontidae: Dioptinae) feeding on  Rinorea deflexifloraand R. sylvatica( Violaceae). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar. 2456369045 2004-07-01 2004-07-17 2004-07-01 CNC de Conservacion & Manuel Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 1 1 Guanacaste holotype 2456368788 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 CNC de Conservacion & Manuel Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 2 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456369200 2004-07-01 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 5 3 Guanacaste 2456368897 2004-07-06 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 7 5 Guanacaste 2456369228 2004-07-06 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 2 1 Guanacaste 2456368935 2004-07-06 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 2 Guanacaste 2456368779 2004-06-23 Manuel Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 2 Guanacaste 2456369136 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 Sector Pitilla & Sendero Guanacaste, Guanacaste 1 Guanacaste, Guanacaste 2456368977 2004-06-15 Calixto Moraga 680 10.9888 Laguna 5 -85.42336 5 3 Laguna 2456369110 2008-07-07 Oscar Siezar 470 10.99697 Guanacaste, Guanacaste 1 -85.39666 4 2 Guanacaste, Guanacaste 2456369188 2019-01-01 2019-12-31 2019-01-01 Canada University of Guelph 1 Ontario