Astrocystis cocoes (Henn.) Laessøe & Spooner, Kew Bull. 49(1): 27 (1994) Rosellinia cocoes Henn., Hedwigia 47(4): 256 (1908) Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo Wu, You-Peng Pi, Yin-Hui Long, Si-Han Lin, Yan Long, Qing-De Kang, Ji-Chuan Kang, Ying-Qian Shen, Xiang-Chun Wijayawardene, Nalin N. Zhang, Xu Li, Qi-Rui Phytotaxa 2021 2021-10-13 522 4 265 284 J465 (Henn.) Laessoe & Spooner, Kew Bull. Laessoe & Spooner, Kew Bull. Henn. [136,787,410,437] Sordariomycetes Xylariaceae Astrocystis Fungi Xylariales 15 280 Ascomycota species cocoes  ≡   Rosellinia cocoesHenn., Hedwigia47(4): 256 (1908)  MycoBank: MB580660  Saprobic on the surface of dead bamboo stalk, visible as black raised spots on the host. Sexual morph: Stromataerumpent, solitary or gregarious, not or somewhat confluent, black, carbonaceous, containing 1 ascoma, almost conical with a round apex, 0.4–0.6 mmdiam., 0.5–0.8 mmhigh, with an outer stellate layer; persistent pale squamules from host cuticle, apex smooth and sometimes almost annulate with a minutely papillate ostiole. Asci118–129 × 6.6–8.5 μm (mean 123 × 7.6 μm, n = 30), 8-spored, spore bearing part cylindrical, stipe short and tapering, apically rounded, with a discoid, subapical, J+ apical apparatus, with sides tapering to the base, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 2.4–3.5 μm (mean 2.8 μm, n = 30) high, 2.0–3.2 μm (mean 2.8 μm, n = 30) wide. Ascospores18.1–22.8 × 5.5–6.0 μm (mean 19.8 × 6.2 μm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate, aseptate, dark reddish brown, inequilaterally fusiform, with one or both ends beaked, flattened side slightly convex, with a germ slit on flattened side, less than full spore-length, with thin mucilaginous sheath and pad-like polar appendages. Asexual morph: undetermined.  Specimens examined:—  CHINA. Hainan Province: Wuzhishan City, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve( 18.541959°N, 109.405444°E), elev.  767 m, on dead bamboo culms,  11 October 2020, Q.R. Li2020WZS64-3 (GMB0037; KUN-HKAS 112701; living culture, GMBC0037).  Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours at 25 °C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA or OA media.  Habitat/Distribution:—Known to inhabit dead bamboo, Brazil, China, India, Philippines.  Notes:—  Astrocystis cocoeswas described on dead branches of  Cocos nucifera( Laessøe & Spooner 1994)collected from Philippines. Our new collection (GMB0037) morphologically resembles  A. cocoes.  Astrocystis cocoesis distinct from  A. sublimbataby its size of ascospores (15–19 × 6.5–8.5 μm vs 17–22 × 7.5–9.5 μm). Moreover, the ascospores of  A. sublimbatado not possess a mucilaginous sheath and pad-like polar appendages ( Smith & Hyde 2001). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, RPB2, β-tubulin and α-actin genes show that GMBC0037 groups with  A. cocoeswith high support (100% ML, 1.00 BYPP; Fig. 1). This is the first report of  A. cocoesfrom China. 3386518306 MB580660 [136,365,486,508] 15 280 1 3386518309 2020-10-11 Q. R. Li China 767 18.54196 Wuzhishan Nature Reserve 1 109.40544 Wuzhishan City 15 280 1 Hainan