A review of Quadrimaera Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo, 2000 (Amphipoda: Senticaudata) from Brazil Alves, Jessika Neves, Elizabeth Johnsson, Rodrigo Zootaxa 2018 2018-12-20 4532 4 567 593 Alves & Neves & Johnsson, 2018 Alves & Neves & Johnsson 2018 [151,510,1159,1185] Malacostraca Melitidae Quadrimaera GBIF Animalia Amphipoda 8 575 Arthropoda species miramirandella sp. nov.  ( Figures 7–14)   Examined material.  Holotype.Adult male ( UFBA 3320), 4.7 mm.   Allotype. Female( UFBA 3321), 4.2 mm. Bothsampled at Dois Coqueiros Beach, Ceará State, Brazil, ( 3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), associated with arenite reefs, intertidal zone (  0.5 mof depth).  February 2014, ALVES, J. Coll.    Typelocality. Dois Coqueiros Beach, Ceará State, Brazil( 3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W).   Etymology.The new species name refers to  Q. mirandaand  Q. mirandella, denoting a complex mixture of characteristics from both species.   Diagnosis.Light green specimens with red stains on gnathopod 2 ( Fig 8). Ovigerous females carrying red eggs. Antenna 1 accessory flagellum with 7 articles. Antenna 2 cone gland not reaching the end of article 3 ( Fig 10). Eyes rounded ( Fig 9). Coxa 1 anteroventral corner rounded produced ( Fig 12). Gnathopod 1 carpus longer than propodus, posterior margin with plumose setae ( Fig 12). Gnathopod 2 propodus palm with medial excavation and molar shaped hump, dactyl inner margin acutely produced ( Fig 11). Telson deeply cleft (about 70%) telsonic lobes truncate with 5 stout setae longer than telson ( Fig 14).   Description. Headwithout notch, ocular lobe broad, rounded eyes ( Fig 10). Antenna 1scarcely setose, peduncle article 1 with slender setae; peduncle article 2 0.2 times longer than article 1, with slender setae; peduncle article 3 0.4 times the length of article 2; primary flagellum 14-articulated; accessory flagellum 7-articulated ( Fig 10). Antenna 2setose, 0.7 times shorter than antenna 1, cone gland not reaching the end of article 3, peduncular article 4 subequal in length to article 5; flagellum with 7-articulated ( Fig 10).  Right mandible, palp 3-articulated, ratio of articles: 0.3:0.6:0.8; article 1 subrectangular; article 2 with 3 slender setae; article 3 with 2 lateral slender setae and 2 distal setae as long as the length of the third article ( Fig 11). Maxilla 1inner plate conical, with 2 apical setae; outer plate with 5 pectinate setae; palp 2-articulated, article 1 0.6 times shorter than article 2 which bears 7 simple setae ( Fig 11). Maxilla 2with inner and outer plates distally setose, outer plate with some pectinate setae ( Fig 11). Maxillipedwith inner plate quadrate bearing 8 slender distal setae; outer plate suboval, distal and inner margins with long setae; palp 4-articulated, article 2 with 3 distal simple setae, article 3 with 9 long lateral setae, article 4 with 1 apical setae ( Fig 11). Lower lip, inner lobes ovate, with minute apical setae; outer lobes laterally expanded with minute apical setae ( Fig 11).   FIGURE 7.  Quadrimaera yemanjae  sp. nov.: Holotype male, 4.5 mm. Pirangi Beach, RN State, Brazil, (5°59'00.2"S; 35°06'30.1"W), UFBA 3317. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.   FIGURE 8.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State,UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 1 mm.   FIGURE 9.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State,UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 1 mm.   FIGURE 10.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State,UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.   FIGURE 11.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State, UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 0.1mm.  Gnathopod 1with anteroventral corner of coxa 1 rounded, ventral margin with setae; basis strong, anterior margin with 4 setae; ischium subequal in length to merus; merus with row of simple setae posteriorly; carpus laterally expanded and densely setose, with posterior row of dense setae and 2 rows of facial setae, ventral corner with row of medium setae anteriorly; propodus about 0.2 times shorter than carpus, not facially setose, posterior and anterior margins with 3 rows of setae; dactyl with inner setae ( Fig 12).  Gnathopod 2with coxa 2 bearing 5 setae on ventral margin; basis robust, posterior margin with single seta; ischium shorter than merus; carpus reduced, boomerang-shaped, with small setae; propodus greatly enlarged, anterior margin with slender setae, palm with U-shaped, medial excavation, preceded by truncated process and proceeded by sinuous excavation, palm defined by an acute and pronounced spine, preceded by a V-shaped excavation; dactylus robust, inner margin with acute process ( Fig 12).  Pereopods 3–4with slender basis, about 4 times longer than large; merus subequal in length to carpus; propodus posterior margin with setae; dacylus bifid showing a dactylar ungue ( Fig 13). Pereopod 5, coxa 5 with anteroventral corner acutely produced; posterior margin of basis undulate, with 5 slender setae, posteroventral corner not produced, anteroventral corner with 2 setae; merus robust, posteroventral corner produced with a bunch of long setae; carpus about 0.6 times shorter than merus, posteroventral corner with a wisp of long setae; propodus as long as carpus, setose, posteroventral corner with a wisp of setae; dactylus bifid ( Fig 13). Pereopod 6longer than pereopod 5, posterior margin of basis with 5 small setae, posteroventral corner subquadrate; merus robust, posterior margin with 3 setae, posteroventral corner produced with abunch of long setae; carpus subquadrate; about 0,4 times shorter than merus; propodus slightly shorter than merus, posteroventral corner with a wisp of setae; dactylus bifid ( Fig 13). Pereopod 7longer than pereopod 6, basis with posterior margin smooth, posteroventral corner not produced; merus robust, posterior margin with 4 sets of setae, posteroventral corner truncate and produced, with a set of long setae, anterior margin with 5 sets of setae; carpus subequal in length to propodus, posteroventral corner with a wisp of long setae; propodus setose; dactylus bifid ( Fig 13).   FIGURE 12.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach, UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Gn1; Gn2). Paratype female 4.2 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State, UFBA 3321. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (fGn1; fGn2).  Epimeral plate 1with posteroventral corner produced and acute, posterior margin smooth, ventral margin with small setae ( Fig 14). Epimeral plate 2with posteroventral corner acutely produced, posterior margin smooth, ventral margin with 4 stout setae ( Fig 14). Epimeral plate 3with posterior margin concave and smooth, posteroventral corner acute, slightly produced, ventral margin with 5 small setae ( Fig 14). Uropod 1with peduncle longer than rami, spur present, basofacial seta thin, dorsal margin with 5 setae; rami subequal in length, with 3 distal long setae on each one ( Fig 14). Uropod 2with peduncle subequal in length to rami, inner ramus slightly shorter than inner ramus, both ones with long setae ( Fig 14). Uropod 3peduncle subquadrate, shorter than rami; rami subequal in length; outer ramus with 3 sets of setae; inner ramus with 2 sets of setae ( Fig 14). Telsondeeply cleft, about 70%, telsonic lobes apically truncate with 5 robust setae longer than telson and 2 small lateral setae ( Fig 14).   FIGURE 13.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State, UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.  Female (Sexual dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1with anteroventral corner of coxa 1 rounded and produced, ventral margin with setae; basis strong, anterior margin with 3 long setae; ischium longer than merus; merus with posterior row of simple setae less dense than the ones on the males; carpus laterally expanded and less setose than on males, with posterior row of dense setae, anteroventral corner with row of medium setae; propodus about 0.2 times shorter than carpus, not facially setose, posterior and anterior margins beset with setae ( Fig 12).  Gnathopod 2, coxa 2 with 4 setae on ventral margin; basis robust, posterior margin without setae; ischium shorter than merus; carpus reduced, boomerang-shaped with small setae; propodus greatly enlarged, anterior margin with slender setae, palm with a delicate rounded process near hinge of dactylus, proceeded by a sinuous excavation, palm defined by an acute and small spine; dactylus less robust than males one, ventral margin without processes ( Fig 12).   Remarks.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.is closely related to  Q. mirandaand  Q. mirandellaby presenting a propodus palm with a medial U-shaped excavation, and a molar-shaped process, dactylar inner margin acutely produced and telson lobes apically truncated ( Ruffo et al.2000; Appadoo et al.2002). Nevertheless,  Q. miramirandella  sp. nov.differs from  Q. mirandaby presenting: (1) gnathopod 1 carpus with plumose setae, instead of simple and slender setae; (2) gnathopod 2 with medial truncated excavation in propodus palm, while in  Q. mirandait is rounded ( Ruffo et al.2000); (3) uropod 3 with rami subequal in length, while in  Q. mirandait is unequal ( Ruffo et al.2000); (4) telson with a 70% cleft instead of 90% cleft ( Ruffo et al., 2000).  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.also differs from  Q. mirandellaby presenting (1) antenna 2 with cone gland not reaching the end of article 3 (while in  Q. mirandellait reaches ( Appadoo et al.2002); (2) gnathopod 1 with coxa 1 with anteroventral corner produced and in  Q. mirandellait is not produced ( Appadoo et al.2002); (3) gnathopod 1 with plumose setae on carpus (while in  Q. mirandellathe setae are simple); (4) telson with a 70% cleft while in  Q. mirandellait is 60% ( Appadoo et al.2002), telsonic lobes with apical setae longer than telson while in  Q. mirandellathe setae are smaller than the telson ( Appadoo et al.2002).   FIGURE 14.  Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.: Holotype male 4.7 mm. Dois Coqueiros Beach (3°41'35.6"S; 38°35'51.1"W), Ceará State, UFBA 3320. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. The use of gnathopod 2 by some specimens of  Quadrimaera miramirandella sp. nov.was observed in some organisms kept an aquarium. Males and females rely on the enlarged gnathopods to dispute territory, doing movements like punches towards undesirable elements. Moreover, the same specimens use the gnathopod 2 to dig and burrow in the sediment ( Figs 20–21).   Quadrimaera miramirandella  sp. nov.typically occurs in arenitic reef formations along the coast of the CearáState. 2120462803 [401,517,1266,1291] UFBA 8 575 UFBA 3320 1 holotype 2120457557 2014-02 UFBA J. Coll Brazil State 5 -3.6932223 Female 1 -38.597527 Dois Coqueiros Beach 8 575 UFBA 3321 1 Ceara allotype 2120470199 [199,1177,1374,1399] Brazil -3.6932223 Dois Coqueiros Beach 1 -38.597527 State 8 575 1 Ceara holotype