Synopsis of the spurred species of Lobelia section Stenotium (Campanulaceae) in Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, and the description of two new species Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Rosa Ivonne Castro-Castro, Arturo Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe González- López-Enríquez, Irma Lorena Frías-Castro, Alfredo Phytotaxa 2018 2018-02-09 338 1 33 48   10.  Lobelia saturniniArt.Castro & I.Gutiérrez, sp. nov.( Figures 5–6)   Lobelia saturniniis morphologically similar to  L. knoblochii, but differs by leaves (2–)4–14(–17) mm long, petioles 2–6(–17) mm long, flowers 12–16 mmlong including hypanthium, hypanthium 1.2–2.5 mmlong, spur 2–3 mmlong, pedicels (1.3–)2–9(–12) cm long and anthers 1–2.2 mmlong. Type:— MEXICO, Durango, Canelas, km 8.6 carretera vieja entre Cañada del Macho y Canelas, 25.126944° N, 106.499722° W, 2129 m, 18 May 2017, Castro-Castro et. al. 4246( holotypeCIIDIR!, isotypesCIIDIR!, IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!, SLPM!, USON!).   FIGURE 5.  Lobelia saturniniArt.Castro & I.Gutiérrez. A. Habit. B.Frontal view of a staminate and pistillate-phase flower, showing the position of staminal tube. C. Lateral view of staminate and pistillate-phase flower. D. Mature capsule with remainder of style and calyx. Drawn by Lesslie Martínez Rubí from the type material. Perennial herbs; stems procumbent, rooting at nodes, green during flowering and purple during fruit maturation, puberulent; leaves cauline; petiole 2–6(–17) mm long, green, pilose; blade ovate, (2–)4–14(17) × 4–13(–24) mm, cordate at base, rounded at tip, the margins shallowly dentate, pilose with slender white trichomes throughout; flowers solitary, borne on leaf axils; pedicels (1.3–)2–9(–12) cm long, green with purple shades and glabrous; bracteoles absent; corolla 12–16 mmlong including hypanthium; hypanthium asymmetrical, upper side 2.8–3.6 mmlong, the lower side extending with corolla tissue into spur; spur conic, 2–3 mmlong measured from the base of the upper segments of the calyx; calyx lobes subulate, 2.5–2.9 mmlong, the two lower ones slightly shorter, positioned 0.2–0.3 mmabove base of the spur; corolla tube white, 4–6.5 mmlong, slit dorsally to base; corolla lobes blue to purplish, the upper lobes spatulate, 4–6 × 1–2 mm, the lower lobes obovate, narrowly divergent, 5–6 × 2.8–3.5 mm, apiculate, with 2 small circular yellow spots opposed to sinuses at throat; staminal tube 2.4–6.6 mmlong; anthers 1–2.2 mmlong, connate, blue, the three upper anthers slightly longer and curved distally toward the lower two and often covered with short slender trichomes, the two shorter anthers bearded with a white-tuft of stiff trichomes at tip; style 4–4.4 mmlong, stigma 0.5–0.6 mmlong, capsule 3–4(–6) × 1–4 mm; seeds 0.3–0.5(–6) × 0.2–0.3 mm, ellipsoid, dark brown, testa sculpturing striate and shining.   Distribution, ecology and phenology:—  Lobelia saturniniinhabits northwestern Durango, in the Madrean Tropical region of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It was collected from two localities in oak forest, on humid hillsides where it grows at an elevation range of 2129–2380 m. The associated species are  Arbutus madrensis González-Elizondo (1992: 8),  Alnus acuminata Kunth (1817: 20),  Bocconia arborea Watson (1890: 141),  Cunilasp.,  Lupinussp.,  Pinus herrerae Martínez (1940: 76),  Quercussp.,  Salvia elegans Vahl (1804: 238),  S. iodantha Fernald (1900: 547)and  Verbesinasp.Individuals of  Lobelia saturniniwere collected in flower and fruit from April to May.  Conservation status:—  Lobelia saturniniis represented by five collections. Using GeoCAT ( Bachman et al.2011) the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) was of 113.3 km 2and the size of the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 16 km 2, based on cells of 2 × 2 km. According to EOO and AOO results and following the IUCN (2013) criteria (Area of Occupancy estimated to be less than 500 km 2and known to exist at no more than five locations), a preliminary category of endangered is proposed (EN/B2a).   Etymology:—The taxon is named in honor of Saturnino Acevedo Santoyo, prolific botanical collector working for CIIDIR herbarium from 1981-2004 who contributed 1363 specimens to the flora of Durango, and who first collected the new species here described.  Additional specimens examined:—  MEXICO, Durango, Canelas, 10 kmroad to Santiago Papasquiaro, 25.127959° N, 106.505117° W,  2060 m,  16 April 1985,  S. Acevedo201a( CIIDIR!); km 15 de la carretera Canelas- Durango, 25.0875° N, 106.497778° W,  2133 m,  19 May 2017,  Castro-Castroet al. 4247(CIIDIR!, IBUG!, IEB!, MEXU!, SLPM!, USON!); km 8.5 del camino antiguo Cañada del Macho-Canelas, 25.12580° N, 106.50079° W,  2154 m,  7 July 2017,  Castro-Castroet al. 4255(CIIDIR!, IBUG!, MEXU!);  Otáez, 10 kmde Otáez, camino a Los Altares, 24.73485° N, 105.9754167° W,  2380 m,  24 March 1990,  A. Benitez1176(CHAP, CIIDIR!).   Discussion:—  Lobelia saturniniis within the  L. macrocentronspecies complex that includes  L. knoblochii,  L. macrocentron, L. mcvaughiiand  L. villaregalis Ayers (1987: 419). This set of species may be easily separated into two groups by the presence of an inflorescence of racemes or of solitary flowers ( Ayers, 1987).  Lobelia knoblochiiand  L. saturninishare solitary flowers, development of adventitious roots at the nodes, and similar flower length. However,  L. saturninidiffers mainly by the size of the leaves, petioles, flowers, hypanthium, spur, pedicels and anthers. The morphological and distributional differences between both species are highlighted in the identification key, diagnosis and Table 2. 1985-04-16 CIIDIR S. Acevedo Mexico 2060 25.127958 Santiago Papasquiaro 1 -106.50512 Canelas 12 45 1 Durango 2017-05-19 IBUG, SLPM, USON Castro-Castro Mexico 2133 25.0875 Durango 5 -106.49778 12 45 1 Durango 2017-07-07 IBUG, MEXU Castro-Castro Mexico 2154 25.1258 Canada del Macho-Canelas 1 -106.50079 12 45 1 1990-03-24 CIIDIR A. Benitez Mexico Otaez 2380 24.73485 Los Altares 1 -105.97542 Otaez 12 45 1