Acrossocheilus longipinnis ( Wu 1939 )

Yuan, Le-Yang & Chan, Bosco Pui Lok, 2012, Acrossocheilus longipinnis (Wu 1939), a senior synonym of Acrossocheilus stenotaeniatus Chu & Cui 1989 from the Pearl River basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa 3586, pp. 160-172 : 168-169

Acrossocheilus longipinnis ( Wu 1939)

( Figs. 1a–c)

Lissocheilus longipinnis Wu 1939 , 10 (1–6): 101 (Yangshuo, Guangxi).

Masticbarbus pentafasciatus Tang 1942 , 20 (2–4): 158 (Guiyang, Guizhou).

Acrossocheilus (Acrossocheilus) longipinnis: Wu et al. 1977:286 (Yangshuo, Guangxi).

Acrossocheilus iridescens zhujiangensis Wu & Lin in Wu et al. 1977: 291 (Baise, Liuzhou, Longzhou,

and Rong’an in Guangxi; Yangshan, Liangxian, Lechang and Yingde in Guangdong).

Acrossocheilus iridescens: Fang 1981:78 (Yangshuo, Zhaoping, Longsheng, Sanjiang, Rong’an, Rongshui, Sirong, Liucheng, Fengshan, Yishan, Xiangzhou, Xiling, Baise, Pingguo, Qingxi, Jingxi, Longzhou, Bama, and Dongxing in Guangxi); Li in Wu et al. 1989: 139 (Rong-Jiang, Cong-Jiang, Libo and Ceheng in Guangzhou )

Acrossocheilus longipinnis: Lin in Zheng 1989:184 (Rong-Shui in Guangxi and Cong-Jiang in Guizhou).

Acrossocheilus iridescens longipinnis: Chen et al. 1991:153 (Lechang, Liangxian, Yangshan and Yingde in Guangdong); Shan et al. 2000:121 (Rongshui, Yangshuo, Longsheng, and Longjiang in Guangxi).

Acrossocheilus stenotaeniatus Chu & Cui 1989:205 (Bo’ai in Yunnan)

Acrossocheilus stenotaeniatus: Shan et al. 2000:105 (Rong’an in Guangxi).

Diagnosis. Acrossocheilus longipinnis , along with A. iridescens , can be distinguished from all other barred species of Acrossocheilus by possessing wider (vs. narrower) black vertical bars, each five to eight (vs. no more than four) scales in width, on the flank of adults, a horse-shoe shaped (vs. arched) mouth gape; rostral barbel placed posterior (vs. anterior) to a horizontal line through the anteriormost margin of the lower jaw, and two postlabial grooves extending anteromedially beyond (vs. away from) a horizontal line through the roots of the rostral barbels. Acrossocheilus longipinnis is distinct from A. iridescens in having the first branched dorsal-fin ray extended (vs. not extended) as a filament, and a deeply concave (vs. slightly concave or straight) distal margin of the dorsal fin ( Figs. 1 & 2). This species has relatively narrower vertical black bars on the flank of juveniles than A. iridescens ( Figs. 1b–c & 2a).

Description. Morphometric and meristic data are provided in Tables 1 and 2, and see Fig. 1a–c for body appearance. Body elongate, compressed laterally, with greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin, least caudal-peduncle depth closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile of head straight, body convex from supraocciptal to base of caudal fin. Ventral profile rounded from anteriormost tip of snout to anal-fin origin, straight or slightly concave to caudal-fin base. Head moderately large; interorbital space slightly convex. Eye large, almost equal to snout length, laterodorsal. Snout pointed, protruding, with shallow lateral groove extending along anteroventral margin of lachrymal, confluent with postlabial groove. Tubercles on snout tip and anterior part of lachrymal in males more than 110 mm SL. Mouth subterminal, horse-shoe shaped with its opening smaller than eye diameter.

Rostral fold present, overlying base of upper lip, laterally ending at base of rostal barbel. Upper lip completely adnate to upper jaw, continuous with lower lip around corners of mouth. Lower lip anteriorly separated from lower jaw by groove running along full length of lower jaw, modified to form two long, thin lateral lobes on lower jaw; lateral lobes separated by median interruption. Postlabial grooves extending anteromedially, ending almost at same horizontal line through root of maxillary barbels or slightly beyond, interrupted from each other with gap wider than one-third of mouth gape. Lower jaw with thick, flexible horny sheath on its cutting edge not covered by lower lip. Two pairs of barbels well developed: rostral pair not extending beyond maxillary barbel base, rooted posterior to horizontal line through anteriormost margin of lower jaw ( Fig. 7a); maxillary pair not extending beyond midpoint of eye. Gas bladder bipartite, anterior chamber round, posterior chamber elongate and oval, twice as long as anterior one.

Dorsal fin with three simple and eight (37) branched rays, last one split to base; last simple ray stout with serrations along posterior margin, first branched ray extended as filament at distal tip; distal edge deeply concave; origin closer to anteriormost tip of snout than to base of caudal fin. Pectoral fin with one simple and 15 (23), 16 (9) or 17 (5) branched rays; tip of adpressed fin extending midway to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one simple and eight (37) branched rays, inserted opposite to base of first branched dorsal-fin ray; tip of adpressed fin extending beyond halfway to anal-fin origin, but not as far as anus. Pelvic axillary scale long, extending beyond base of last ray. Anal fin with three simple and five (37) branched rays; distal margin obliquely straight; origin equidistant between pelvic-fin insertion and caudal-fin base. Anus located immediately anterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin deeply forked, longest ray three times as long as shortest ray.

Body scales moderately large dorsally and laterally, slightly reduced ventrally. Lateral line complete, with 37 (1), 38 (3), 39 (18) or 40 (15) pored scales plus three pored scales on base of caudal fin; 6 1 / 2 (37) scale rows above lateral line, 4 1 / 2 (37) below; 16 circumpeduncular scales; 13 (16), 14 (11) or 15 (10) predorsal midline scales, nearly same size as those on flank, not embedded beneath skin. Pharyngeal teeth triserial, tooth pattern 2, 3, 5/5, 3, 2 ( KIZ 805283 , holotype, 54.5 mm SL) with pointed, slightly curved, compressed tips. Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber oval and posterior chamber oblong, twice as long as anterior chamber .

Coloration in preservative. In juveniles of less than 80.0 mm SL, five narrow black vertical bars, each one or two scales in width, on flank. In adults of more than 110 mm SL, ground color of body yellowish with five wide black vertical bars, each five to eight scales in width, on flank; each bar extending vertically beyond fourth row directly below lateral line. First bar placed posterior to head or above pectoral-fin base; second bar anterior to dorsal-fin origin, or with its posterior edge vertically through dorsal-fin origin; third bar below dorsal-fin base, with its posterior margin vertically through posterior end of dorsal-fin base; fourth bar posterior to vertical through tip of adpressed pelvic fin, with its posterior margin anterior to vertical through posterior end of anal-fin base; and fifth bar nearly spanning caudal-peduncle length, its anterior edge separated from the anal-fin origin by two scales. Dorsal fin light orange with black leading and distal margins, pectoral and pelvic fins white and pink; anal fin light yellowish; caudal fin yellowish or orange, with blackish upper, lower and distal margins. Each scale on back and flank with dark chromatophores along exposed part of its posterior edge forming a faint, dusky, crescentic mark.

Distribution. Acrossocheilus longipinnis is currently known from the Zhu-Jiang basin.

Remark. Masticbarbus pentafasciatus Tang 1942 and Acrossocheilus iridescens zhujiangensis Wu & Lin in Wu et al. 1977 are here considered to be synonyms of A. longipinnis following the recent revision of this genus by Shan et al. (2000).