Eremanthus crotonoides (Candolle) Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 396)

Loeuille, Benoît, Semir, João & Pirani, José R., 2019, A synopsis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae), Phytotaxa 398 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

1. Eremanthus crotonoides (Candolle) Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 396) . Albertinia crotonoides Candolle (1836: 81) .

Vernonia crotonoides (DC.) Schultz-Bipontinus (1861: 166) . Cacalia crotonoides (DC.) Kuntze (1891b: 969) , as

“ crotonodes ”. Type :— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: montium sepibus, C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (holotype: M [not seen];

isotype: P [P00682624 (fragment)]) ( Fig. 42 A–B ).

Albertinia verbascifolia Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 81) . Eremanthus verbascifolius (Mart. ex DC.) Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 397) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: ferruginosis Serra de Ant. Pereira , 1818, C.F.P. von Martius 915 (1297) (holotype: M e! [M0029440]; isotype: P [P02718271 (fragment)]).

Vernonia iodopappa Schultz-Bipontinus (1845: 155) , as “ jodopappa ”, nom nud.

Albertinia bardanoides Mart. ex Baker (1873: 25) , nom. nud. pro syn.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil ( Bahia , Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro). Secondary woods, gallery forest margins, less frequently in campo rupestre and rarely in cerrado; 550–1850 m.

Taxonomic notes: —A widespread species in eastern Brazil, easily recognized by its paniculate inflorescences, 3–5-flowered capitula and reddish pappus. Distantly related from Eremanthus , its habit is similar to Gorceixia , and both taxa share stellate trichomes with a long stalk. However, in the phylogenetic analyses, it emerged as a sister-group of a clade comprising nearly all Lychnophorinae except the basal lineages Albertinia , Blanchetia , Centratherum and Gorceixia . Also similar to some species of Piptocoma Cassini (1817a: 10) , a genus presently placed in the subtribe Piptocarphinae Robinson et al. (1980: 426) , but whose phylogenetic position is unknown. It is noteworthy that furanoheliangolides (a synapomorphy of Lychnophorinae : Loeuille et al. 2015b) have been extracted from leaves of Piptocoma ( Castro 1989) .

Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia : Macarani, rodovia para Vila das Graças, 17.2 km E, ca. 4.4 km da Vila das Graças, 15°46’19”S, 40°24’50”W, 560–600 m, 17 August 2001, A. M. Carvalho et al. 7009 ( ALCB, NY) . Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, Luxemburgo, Pedra Preta, 15 March 2005, L. Kollmann et al. 7405 ( MBM, MBML) . Minas Gerais: Congonhas do Norte , Serra do Cipó, Serra Talhada, 9 km S de Congonhas do Norte na estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 18°55’48”S, 43°40’17”W, 1130 m, 20 January 2007, B. Loeuille et al. 73 ( K, MBM, MO, NY, SPF, US) . Rio de Janeiro : Rio das Ostras, entre Macaé e Rio das Ostras, 15 May 1993, J. R. Pirani & R. Mello-Silva 2874 ( NY, SPF, US) .

‘ Lychnophora brunioides ’ group

Lychnophora brunioides , L. harleyi Robinson (1983: 374) and L. souzae have a similar obtriangulate leaf sheath, suggesting that these species are probably related. None of these species have been included in a phylogenetic analysis so far, and we shall expect that doing so would clarify the taxonomic position of these taxa. Further comments are given under each species.

Figures

FIGURE 42. Eremanthus crotonoides. A. Habit. B. Capitulescence. Lychnophora brunioides. C. Syncephalia. Lychnophora damazioi. D. Habit. E. Capitulescence. Lychnophora souzae. F. Head. G. Habit. A.–E. by B. Loeuille. F.–G. by D. Marques.