Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, 1857

van Achterberg, Cornelis, Shaw, Mark R. & Quicke, Donald L. J., 2020, Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group, ZooKeys 919, pp. 1-259 : 1

Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, 1857 Figs 116-118 , 119-131 , 132-137

Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, 1857: 177-178 [examined].

Aleiodes (Neorhogas) carbonarius ; Papp 1985a: 156 (lectotype designation), 1991a: 88.

Aleiodes carbonarius ; Papp 2005: 176.

Rogas carbonarius ; Shenefelt 1975: 1220-1221.

Rhogas (Rhogas) carbonarius ab. giraudi Fahringer, 1931: 236; Shenefelt 1975: 1221 (invalid name).

Type material.

Lectotype of A. carbonarius , ♂ (MNHN), " Hunga [ry]", “2”, “Hungaria”, "Neusiedlersee/teste Papp J., 1979", “Lectotypus”, " Aleiodes carbonarius Gir., 1857, ♂, Papp, 1979". Paralectotype ♂ (MNHN) from Austria (near Vienna).

Additional material.

3 ♀ (NMS), " Hungary: Veszprém, nr Tótvázsony, larva coll. 21.v.2001, Tholera decimalis , mum. c. 12.vi.[20]01, em. 19.v., 24.v. and 25.v.[20]02, M.R. Shaw"; 1 ♂ (MSC), "A[ustria], Oberösterreich, Wels, Flughaven, 48°10'N, 14°2'E, 30.iv.2012, M. & J. Schwarz"; 1 ♂ (MTMA), "Hungaria, Csákvár”, “Vértes Hgs., Hajduvágás”, "12.v.1961, Sólymosné”, " Rogas carbonarius Gir. ♂, det. Papp, 1979 / compared with lectotype ♂"; 1 ♂ (NMS), "[Hungaria,] P. Szt. Lelek, Ujhelyi", " Rogas morio Reinh. ♂, det. Szépligeti”, " Rogas carbonarius Gir. ♂, det. Papp, 1979"; 1 ♂ (MTMA), id., but Budapest, Svabhegy; 2 ♂ (MRC) " Russia, E. Siberia Lake Baikal, Biakalo-Lenskiy res. 20.vi. and 19.vii. [19]05, leg. Berlov"; 1 ♂ (BZL), "CSR [Czech Rep.], envir. Prague, 1968, Dr. Pádr”. This species appears to be sporadic in central and eastern Europe. The specimens from which Morley (1937) recorded this species as new to Britain have been examined and belong to A. carbonaroides sp. nov.

Molecular data.

MRS162 (Hungary), MRS163 (Hungary), MRS 164 (Hungary).

Biology.

Adults of this lowland species have been collected from the very end of April to July (see also Papp, 1999), and it is found in grassland habitats. Reared from the noctuid Tholera decimalis (Poda) (3:1; M.R. Shaw/Hungary). The decidedly large mummy is very similar to that of A. grassator and forms underground (Fig. 118 ). Univoltine, overwintering in the mummy.

Diagnosis.

Maximum width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4-0.5 × minimum width of face (Fig. 126 ); OOL of ♀ ca 2.6 × as long as diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig. 127 ) and distinctly rugose; length of 4th antennal segment of ♀ ca 0.9 × its width (Fig. 129 ; in ♂ 0.9-1.0 times; Fig. 135 ); clypeus thick apically and not protruding anteriorly (Fig. 128 ); lobes of mesoscutum densely punctate, interspaces superficially granulate and with satin sheen; precoxal area coarsely vermiculate-rugose medially; marginal cell of fore wing of ♀ ending near level of apex of vein 3-M (Fig. 119 ); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing 0.4-0.5 × as long as vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 119 ); vein 3-SR of ♀ 1.7-2.0 × as long as vein 2-SR; vein 3-SR ca 0.7 × vein SR1 (Fig. 119 ; of ♂ ca 0.5 ×); hind tarsal claws yellowish or brownish bristly setose (Fig. 131 ); inner side of hind tibia of ♀ yellowish; tegulae yellowish brown; 4th and 5th tergites black. Probably a lowland species in C. Europe.

Description.

Redescribed ♀ (NMS) from Hungary ( Veszprém). Length of fore wing 4.1 mm, of body ca 6.0 mm.

Head. Antennal segments of ♀ 46, 4th segment 0.9 × longer than wide (Fig. 129 ); length of antenna 1.15 × fore wing, its subapical segments robust (Fig. 130 ); frons with coarse curved rugae and rather shiny; OOL 2.6 × diameter of posterior ocellus and rugulose; vertex rugose and shiny; clypeus coarsely punctate; ventral margin of clypeus thick and not protruding forwards (Fig. 128 ); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4 × minimum width of face (Fig. 126 ); length of eye 1.4 × temple in dorsal view (Fig. 127 ); vertex behind stemmaticum rugose; clypeus distinctly below lower level of eyes; length of malar space 0.7 × length of eye in lateral view (Fig. 128 ).

Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes densely punctate, interspaces superficially granulate and with satin sheen; precoxal area of mesopleuron coarsely rugose medially and punctate posteriorly; remainder of mesopleuron mainly coarsely punctate; scutellum flat, sparsely finely punctate and with lateral carina; propodeum coarsely rugose, medio-longitudinal carina indistinct, rounded posteriorly and dorsal part rather short.

Wings. Fore wing: r 0.4 × 3-SR; marginal cell ends near level of apex of 3-M (Fig. 119 ); 1-CU1 horizontal and slightly widened, 0.45 × 2-CU1; r-m 0.3 × 3-SR; 2nd submarginal cell elongate (Fig. 119 ), 3-SR twice as long as 2-SR; cu-a vertical, straight; 1-M nearly straight posteriorly; 1-SR slender and medium-sized; surroundings of M+CU1, 1-M and 1-CU1 setose. Hind wing: marginal cell linearly widened, its apical width 2.0 × width at level of hamuli (Fig. 120 ); 2-SC+R slightly longer than wide; m-cu short, postfurcal; M+CU:1-M = 61:36; 1r-m 0.75 × 1-M.

Legs. Tarsal claws robust and with only brownish bristly setae (Fig. 131 ); hind coxa largely rather densely punctate; hind trochantellus robust; length of hind femur and basitarsus 3.6 and 4.5 × their width, respectively; length of inner hind spur 0.5 × hind basitarsus.

Metasoma. First tergite rather flattened, 0.9 × as long as wide apically; 1st and 2nd tergites with medio-longitudinal carina and coarsely longitudinally rugose, but posterior quarter of 2nd tergite irregularly rugose and no median carina; medio-basal area of 2nd tergite triangular and short (Fig. 123 ); 2nd suture deep and crenulate; basal third of 3rd tergite finely longitudinally striate, remainder of metasoma superficially micro-sculptured; 4th and apical half of 3rd tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath wide, with long setae and apically truncate (Fig. 117 ).

Colour. Dark orange brown; apical two-thirds of antenna, patch on hind femur dorso-apically, and telotarsi, dark brown; temple ventrally, malar space, mesosternum, mesopleuron, metapleuron, propodeum, pair of patches on 2nd tergite and most of apical 0.4 of tergite, and 3rd-7th tergites black; palpi (especially labial palp), veins and pterostigma dark brown, basal third of antenna (but scapus dorsally blackish) rather pale yellowish brown; tegulae and remainder of legs; yellowish brown; wings strongly infuscate.

Variation. Antennal segments: ♀ 46(2), 49(1); ♂ 47(1), 50(1), 52(1), 54(1), 56(1), 57(1); length of fore wing of ♀ ca two-thirds of body length (0.8 × in ♂); males always darker than females; mainly black with legs mainly dark brown or blackish, but male from Austria has basal half of metasoma orange brown and legs partly yellowish brown. Males have 2nd submarginal cell distinctly shorter than in females (as in A. grassator ), antenna 0.9 × length of body and slightly less robust subapically, temple and face long setose and malar space 0.5-0.7 × length of eye in lateral view; metasoma black or 1-2 basal tergites reddish and apical tergites type 1, fringe not observed (Fig. 132 ).

Distribution.

Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, *Russia (Lake Baikal).

Notes.

Very similar to A. grassator (Thunberg), and especially A. carbonaroides ; males of A. carbonarius and carbonaroides are normally black but males with partly orange brown metasoma occur. The three species exhibit sexual dimorphism of the 2nd submarginal cell (less robust (and also longer in A. carbonarius ) in female than in male). Giraud (1857) gave an incomplete description of the only two males he possessed, but clearly indicated that the antenna is slightly shorter than the body. The female of this species is reported for the first time.

Figures

Figures 116 - 118. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♀, Hungary, Veszprem 116 habitus lateral 117 ovipositor sheath lateral 118 mummy of Tholera decimalis (Poda).

Figures 119 - 131. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♀, Hungary, Veszprem 119 fore wing 120 hind wing 121 mesosoma lateral 122 mesosoma dorsal 123 metasoma dorsal 124 fore femur lateral 125 hind femur lateral 126 head anterior 127 head dorsal 128 head lateral 129 base of antenna 130 apex of antenna 131 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 132 - 137. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♂, Hungary, Csakvar 132 habitus lateral 133 head dorsal 134 wings 135 base of antenna 136 apex of antenna 137 head anterior.