Apenetretus hsueshanensis, Weng, Yi-Ming, Yeh, Wen-Bin & Yang, Man-Miao, 2016

Weng, Yi-Ming, Yeh, Wen-Bin & Yang, Man-Miao, 2016, A new species of alpine Apenetretus Kurnakov from Taiwan: evidences from DNA barcodes and morphological characteristics (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Patrobini), ZooKeys 584, pp. 121-134 : 124-128

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae

Apenetretus hsueshanensis sp. n. Figs 2, 3A, 4A, 5A, 5E, 6

Type locality.

Taiwan: Mt. Hsueshan, Hsei-Pa National Park, Black Forest near Sanliujiu Cabin, ca. 3,330 m elevation, 24° 23.6N, 121° 14.7E.

Type material.

Holotype: a male, deposited in National Chung-Hsing University (NCHU) Museum of Entomology, labeled: " TAIWAN, Taichung, Heping District, Hsueshan, Sanliujiu Cabin, 3,330 m, 24° 23.6N, 121° 14.7E, 08 April 2011, Y. M. Weng collector (red label). Paratypes: A total of 10, 3 males and 4 females with the same collection data as the holotype, 1 male and 2 females labeled: TAIWAN, Taichung, Heping District, Hsueshan, Sanliujiu cabin, 3,330 m, 24° 23.6N, 121° 14.7E, 01 Oct 2010, Y. M. Weng collector.

Etymology.

The new species is named after the original collecting locality, Mt. Hsueshan, where it is likely endemic.

Diagnosis.

Apenetretus hsueshanensis sp. n. is morphologically similar to the other Taiwanese Apenetretus species ( Apenetretus yushanensis , Apenetretus nanhutanus , and Apenetretus smetanai ). It can be distinguished externally from the other three species by having more slender elytra and a ratio of elytral length/width (EL/EW=1.76-1.90) that differs from all other species (Fig. 2A) 1.67-1.75, 1.67, 1.53-1.67, respectively ( Habu 1973; Zamotajlov and Sciaky 1996). This character is especially useful in separating male individuals. Male genitalia; aedeagus large (ca. 3 mm in length) and more slender than the other three species (ca. 2.5 mm in length); extremely elongated and twisted after middle (Figs 3, 4). Apical portion of the parameres is prolonged and longer than the other species (Fig. 5) ( Habu 1973; Zamotajlov and Sciaky 1996).

Description.

Male 10.79-11.77 mm in length, 3.50-3.79 mm in width, female 11.10-12.22 mm in length, 3.71-4.01 mm in width. Color brown to black, ventral surface reddish brown; labrum, mandibles, palpi, legs, and margin of pronotum and elytra lighter in color (Fig. 2A).

Head convex, frontal impression, neck-constriction punctate; microsculpture faint and isodiametric in dorsal view; neck-constriction deep; temporae faintly tumid, longer than eyes, 1.11 (0.88-1.25) times as long as eye in average (only one individual in fifteen individuals has longer eye length than temporae); eye large, convex; with tooth at subapical terminal; palpi truncate at apex; supraorbital setae varied, some individuals have two closely anterior and one posterior (Fig. 6A), some with only one anterior and one posterior (Fig. 6C), sometimes one between eyes and clypeus, one anterior, and one posterior (Fig. 6B), or one anterior, one between anterior and posterior, and one posterior (Fig. 6D); distance between supraorbital posterior setae rather short, 0.78 (0.73-0.84) times as wide as anterior seta distance; frontal impressions deep, reaching clypeal setae, sometimes divergent posteriorly as Apenetretus smetanai ; third segment of antenna rather long, 1.47 (1.23-1.59) times as long as forth segment; forth segment of antenna longer than fifth segment, 1.09 (1.03-1.15) times as fifth segment; tenth segment 1.78 (1.68-1.94) times as long as wide; eleventh segment rather prolonged, 2.5 (2.29-2.77) times as long as wide.

Pronotum weakly convex, widest at about one third, 1.22 (1.18-1.32) times as wide as head, 1.23 (1.17-1.29) times as wide as long, 1.35 (1.28-1.39) times as wide as posterior margin, anterior generally as wide as posterior margin, 1.00 (0.95-1.06) times as anterior margin as posterior margin; microsculpture faint and isodiametric; anterior margin straight to rounded and protrudingt at angles; surface faintly punctate at apical areas, rather punctate along median line, lateral margins, and basal area; posterior margin straight, shallowly sinuate near hind angles; hind angles acute to rectangular, slightly prominent laterally; lateral margin subsinuate, from front angles to the widest points, rather round from the widest points to the turning points, then prominent to the posterior seta pore; anterior marginal setae located before the widest point; posterior setae in hind angles; median line deep, sometimes reaching both extremities, generally reaching to anterior transverse impression; anterior transverse impression shallow, sometimes deep and forming a Y-shaped impression; posterior impression and basal foveae deep; disk smooth, rather cordate.

Wings atrophied, 0.3 times as long as elytra; elytra rather convex, ovate and more slender than the other three species ( Habu 1973; Zamotajlov and Sciaky 1996), 1.82 (1.76-1.90) times as long as wide, widest behind middle, 1.42 (1.30-1.54) times as wide as pronotum, shoulders with one small tooth on each side, wider than posterior margin of pronotum; microsculpture distinct, isodiametric; lateral margin subsinuate before one third, then rounded, apex elongated subapically; striae rather shallow, sometimes finely punctate; scutellary striole punctate; intervals flat, 3rd interval with 3 pores at 0.22 (0.20-0.26), 0.49 (0.41-0.52), and 0.73 (0.69-0.77) times of elytra length; marginal series composed of 10-12 pores.

Mesepistern, metepistern, and mesostern, lateral of prostern, metasternum, and pregenital sterna 1 with distinct punctures; ventral side of neck constriction shallowly rugose on each side; metepistern longer than wide.

Aedeagus (Fig. 2B, C) slender, curved to right side in dorsal view, curved and elongate before middle (Fig. 2B); apical lamella extremely twisted toward right side, forming a ridge at middle in dorsal view and hammer shape at apex in lateral view (Fig. 2C); left margin reflexed and sinuate in dorsal view; parameres different in shape and size of left and right, left paramere wider than right one, apical projection extended, much longer than the other three species, apex with two long and one short setae, and two short setae at each subapical margin (Fig. 2D).