Calendula sventenii I.Simão, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira, 2024

Simão, Inês, Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo, Talhinhas, Pedro, Morais-Cecílio, Leonor & Silveira, Paulo, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands, Phytotaxa 640 (2), pp. 125-160 : 142-160

4. Calendula sventenii I.Simão, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira , sp. nov.

Holotype:— CANARY ISLANDS. Lanzarote: Punta de Pechiguera , 13 February 2010, A. Reyes-Betancort & R. Glez Glez 41487 ( ORT! 41487) .

Calendula aegyptiaca var. platycarpa auct. non Cosson (1857: 703), nom. nud.; Pitard & Proust (1908: 239).

Calendula tripterocarpa auct . non Ruprecht (1856: 231); Acebes-Genovés et al. (2010: 158); Beierkuhnlein et al. (2021: 21).

Calendula aegyptiaca subsp. tripterocarpa auct. non (Rupr.) Lanza (1919: 110); Acebes-Genovés et al. (2001: 104, 2004: 131).

Diagnosis:—This species resembles C. tripterocarpa , but differs from the latter by the well-developed rostrate achenes, usually with a long rostrum. It is distinguishable from C. arvensis by the trialate achenes with entire to sub-entire lateral wings, and a smaller size of the plant and capitula.

Description:—Annual herbs. Stems (11) 20–32.4 (41.5) cm long, ascending to erect, branched at the base, with dispersed glandular and non-glandular hairs. Basal leaves usually (2.4) 3.5–4.9 (6.4) × (0.3) 0.4–0.6 (1) cm, (0.1) 0.2–0.3 (0.4) mm thick, linear-oblong, sometimes with a small petiole, acute, margins sub-entire to repand, sometimes dentate, higher leaves usually smaller, lanceolate, amplexicaul, possessing both glandular and non-glandular hairs. Capitula concolorous, (0.7) 0.9–1.1 (1.3) cm in diameter, solitary. Involucre (3.5) 4.5–5.4 (6.3) mm long, bracts in one to two rows, lanceolate, apex acuminate, green, sometimes purplish when dry, glandular pubescent. Ray florets 8–20, (5.4) 6.6–7.4 (8.2) × (0.7) 0.9–1.1 (1.6) mm, arranged in one row, yellow-orange and tri-lobed. Disc florets 13–23, (2.4) 2.5–2.8 (3.5) × (0.7) 0.9–1 (1.1) mm, five-lobed, yellow to orange. Anthers 1–1.3 mm long, styles 1.5–2.15 mm, bifid. Achenes rostrate (4.9) 6.2–10.6 (13.5) × (1.3) 1.8–3.4 (3.9) mm, very variable, some strongly curved, others forming a ± 90º angle, with a long rostrum and poorly developed dorsal spines, and one to two ventral teeth at the base or at the apex; achenes trialate (5.7) 7–8.6 (9.1) × (5.2) 6.4–8 (10.4) mm, with lateral and ventral wings sub-entire to entire, flat in the back, sometimes with dorsal spines; achenes cymbiform (3.9) 4.4–4.9 (5.4) × (2.1) 2.6–3.5 (3.9) mm, strongly curved without ventral or dorsal wings but with ventral teeth and dorsal spines, sometimes only muricate in the back; achenes vermiform-alate (2.9) 3.4–3.7 (4.1) × (0.9) 1.4–2.2 (2.8) mm, circular to hook-shaped, less frequently falcate, with two lateral wings and ventral teeth; achenes vermiform-exalate (2.8) 3.2–3.6 (3.9) × (0.7) 1.1–1.2 (1.3) mm.

Habitat and Distribution:—Growing along the margins of roads, at ruderal sites in semi-desert to desert regions, and in agricultural fields. The natural habitat of this species are non-nitrophilous herb communities (Tuberarietea guttatae) associated with the Euphorbia canariensis and Euphorbia balsamifera shrubblands, reaching the lower areas of the Juniperus canariensis woodlands. Also, it can grow in sandy habitats as part of the Resedo lanceolatae-Moricandion communities associated with those of the class Polycarpaeo-Traganetea moquinii.

Only confirmed for La Graciosa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and Tenerife.

Elevation:— 10– 450 m.

Illustrations:— Figures 9 , 10C and 11B .

Conservation status:—Least Concern (LC).

Chromosome number:—2n=54.

Genome size:—3.7 pg ± 0.16.

Etymology:—Named after Eric Sventenius (1910–1973), Swedish botanist, who dedicated his work to the Macaronesian Flora, first working in the Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava and then founding the Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo.

Calendula sventenii I.Simão, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira

SPAIN. Canary Islands:

Fuerteventura: Corralejo (28°44’ N, 13°52’ W), 28-3-2014, Silveira, P., Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a, b ( AVE) ; Gran Tarajal (28°15’23” N, 14°01’04” W), 91m, 26-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. 3380, 3381 ( AVE, ORT) .

Lanzarote: Punta Pechiguera (28°51’22” N, 13°52’18” W), 18m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3383.1/.2/.3/.4/.5/.6 ( AVE, ORT) ; surroundings of Playa Blanca (28°52’42” N, 13°49’57” W), 49m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3385.2 ( AVE); (28°52’41” N, 13°49’58” W), 49m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P .. Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3387.1/.2 ( AVE, ORT) .

Tenerife: fields along Av. el Palm-Mar (28°01’35” N, 16°41’18” W), 81m, 1-4-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3415.5 (AVE, ORT).

Calendula sventenii I.Simão, Reyes-Bet. & P.Silveira

SPAIN. Canary Islands:

Fuerteventura: Lobos (28°44’56.15”N, 13°49’13.16”W)*, 5-4-1955, Sventenius, E. R. 1276 ( ORT) ; 20-3-1988, Hansen, A. 452 (C); Lobos (28°44’56.15”N, 13°49’13.16”W), 5-4-1955, Sventenius, E. R. 1276 ( ORT) ; Pájara , La Lajita (28°21’3.35”N, 14° 6’29.11”W)*, 0-50m, 30-3-1989, Montelongo, V.M. 17586 ( LPA) ; 125m, 16-12-2018, Scholz, S. 36470/36471 ( LPA) ; Jandía , Playa Esmeralda (28° 8’40.85”N, 14°14’8.42”W)*, 1-5-1981, Méndez Pérez, B., Acebes Genovés, J. R. 13547/13652 ( TFC) ; Jable de Lajares (28°40’22.49”N, 13°57’17.76”W)*, 18-2-1984, Montelongo, V.M . 13825 ( LPA); Morro del Recogedero (28°10’17.62”N, 14°13’16.43”W)*, 350m, 24-2-1986, Navarro, B. Montelongo, V.M. 13886 ( LPA) ; Cofete (28°05’ N, 14°23’ W), 14-3-1989, Hansen, A. 828 (C) ; Peninsula de Jandía (28°03’ N, 14°30’ W), 12-3-1989, Hansen, A. 731 (C); (28° 4’33.45”N, 14°29’38.74”W)*, 9-2-2005, Scholz, S. 46116 ( TFC) ; 7- 3-2007, Scholz, S. 47950 ( TFC) ; Playa de Gran Valle (28°15’16.02”N, 13°55’7.42”W)*, 12-4-2005, Cruz Trujillo, G.. Pérez de Paz, P. L., González, R. 48535 ( TFC) ; Jorós (28° 4’14.07”N, 14°23’59.32”W)*, 14-1-2005, Pérez de Paz, P. L., González, R. 48441 ( TFC) ; Tuineje , Playa de Agando (28°12’12.28”N, 14° 3’0.66”W)*, 10m, 9-12-2018, Scholz, S. 36451 ( LPA) ; along FV-102 towards La Caldereta (28°35’05” N, 13°51’49” W), 133m, 26-3-2022, Silveira, P. Simão, I. 3372 ( AVE) ; Corralejo (28°44’ N, 13°52’ W), 3-4-1985, Hansen, A. 76 (C) ; 23-3-1986, Hansen, A. 212 (C); 28-3- 2014, Silveira, P., Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a/.b ( AVE) ; Gran Tarajal (28°12’53.56”N, 14° 1’13.24”W)*, 24-2-1986, Marrero, Á. 13885 ( LPA); (28°15’23” N, 14°01’04” W), 91m, 26-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. 3380, 3381 ( AVE, ORT) .

Gran Canaria: Isleta (28° 9’59.43”N, 15°25’14.74”W)*, 40m, 22-1-1966, Marrero, Á. 4062 ( LPA); (28°00’ N, 15°36’ W), 75m, 26-3-1976, Dalgaard, L. Dalgaard, V. 7026 (C) ; Andén Verde (28° 1’9.97”N, 15°47’7.61”W)*, 28-3-1988, Wildpret, W. Rodríguez Delgado, O., Arco Aguilar, M. 36896 ( TFC) ; Gáldar , Amagro (28° 7’53.69”N, 15°40’52.08”W)*, 18-1-2000, Olangua, M., Suárez, C. & Navarro, J. 019900 ( LPA) ; Mogán , Rampa de Tabaibales (27°50’46.80”N, 1 5°46’48.43”W)*, 200-250m, 14-2-2006, Marrero, Á. 30300/30301 ( LPA) ; Montaña Amagro (28° 6’40.03”N, 15°30’1 4.32”W)*, 22-2-2014, Garcia, R. 38024 ( LPA) ; 1-5-2016, Garcia, R. 38232 ( LPA) ; Mogán (27°53’2.20”N, 15°43’23. 75”W)*, 450m, 12-3-2011, Marrero, Á. 30429 ( LPA) ; Bco. de La Palma (28° 4’6.93”N, 15°42’36.03”W)*, 14-2-1973, Sventenius, E.R 13498 ( LPA) .

Lanzarote: Graciosa (29°15’8.75”N, 13°30’22.12”W)*, 14-4-1957, Sventenius, E. R. 23802 ( ORT); (29°00’ N, 13°40’ W), 9-3-1978, Hansen , A. 172 (C) ; Montaña Blanca (28°59’13.53”N, 13°38’13.18”W)*, 12-1-1992, Pérez de Paz, P. L., Gómez, M. M., Alemó , E. C. 35310 ( TFC) ; Teguise (29° 1’37.87”N, 13°38’7.87”W)*, 16-3-1997, Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 40443 ( TFC) ; Punta Pechiguera (28°51’20.08”N, 13°52’21.00”W)*, 13-2-2010, Reyes-Betancort, J. A., Glez Glez, R. 41487 ( ORT); (28°51’22” N, 13°52’18” W), 18m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão , I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3383.1/.2/.3/.4/.5/.6 ( AVE, ORT) ; surroundings of Playa Blanca (28°52’24” N, 13°49’54” W), 42m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P. Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3384.2 ( AVE); (28°52’42” N, 13°49’57” W), 49m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3385.2 ( AVE, ORT); (28°52’41” N, 13°49’58” W), 49m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P. Simão , I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3387.1/.2/.3 ( AVE, ORT) ; mirador de Guinate (29°11’06” N, 13°30’04” W), 354m, 30-3-2022, Silveira, P. Simão , I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3391.1/.2 ( AVE, ORT) .

Tenerife: Santa María del Mar (28°25’44.44” N, 16°18’23.26”W)*, 1-3-1979, Wildpret, W. Arco, M. 24399 ( TFC) ; Adeje (28° 7’21.55”N, 16°43’58.80”W)*, 20-2-1984, Beltrán E., León, M. C., González, L. 7613 ( TFC) ; fields along Av. el Palm-Mar (28°01’35” N, 16°41’18” W), 81m, 1-4-2022, Silveira, P., Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3415.2/.3/.4/.5 ( AVE, ORT) .

Figures

FIGURE 9. Calendula sventenii (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3383, 3384.2, 3391). A. habit (3384.2); B, C. flowering capitula (3391); D. fruiting capitulum (3383).

FIGURE 10. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis form arvensis (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.e); B. C. arvensis form macroptera (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.c); C. C. sventenii (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327. a); D. C. ricardoi (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.g); E. C. officinalis (Silveira, P. 2986).

FIGURE 11. Variability of leaf morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis (1. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.3; 2. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.5; 3. Reyes-Bet.in P. Silveira 3119.1; 4. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet.3413.2; 5. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3413.3; 6. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3412.2; 7, 8. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3397.7); B. C. sventenii (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3383.2; 2, 3. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3380; 4–6. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a; 7–9. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves,A.C.R.S. 3327. b); C. C. ricardoi (1, 2. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3377; 3. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.i.4; 4, 5. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.l); D. C. officinalis (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3421.1; 2. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3409).