Caridina mariae, Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Thomas Von, 2014

Klotz, Werner & Rintelen, Thomas Von, 2014, To “ bee ” or not to be — on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species, Zootaxa 3889 (2), pp. 151-184 : 165-171

Caridina mariae sp. nov.

( Figs. 8–10 , colour plate 1)

Material examined. Holotype ♂ cl 5.9 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-017), China, Guangdong Province, Yingde County, small mountain stream near Lixi Town, 23.88345°N 113.33910°E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 20.03.2010. Paratypes 3 ♂ cl 4.1–5.1 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.2 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.7–5.1 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-018); 4 ♂ cl 4.0– 5.8 mm, 4 ♀ cl 3.8–5.5 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 5.7 mm ( ZMB 28224; Präp. 5049–5052; Präp. 5057–5058); 3 ♂ cl 4.2–5.0 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.0–6.0 mm ( ZRC 2013.1743); 3 ♂ cl 4.3–4.6 mm, 3 ♀ cl 4.0– 4.9 mm ( RMNH. CRUS.D.56055), same data as holotype; 1 ♀ cl 3.3 mm, 1 ♂ 4.4 mm ( ZRC 2013.1744); 2 ♀ cl 3.4 and 4.0 mm, 1 ♂ cl 4.2 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-019); 2 ♂ 3.4 and 4.4 mm ( ZMB 28223; Präp. 5047–5048); 3 ♀ cl 3.5–4.5 mm ( RMNH. CRUS.D.56056), China, Guangdong Province, swampy area near Conghua City, 23.57495°N 113.43740°E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 21.03.2010. Other material 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (collWK AO, AP, AQ, AR, AS) “Tigergarnele” from aquarium trade.

Comparative material examined. Caridina serrata Stimpson, 1860 , 10 ♂ cl 2.8–4.9 mm, 8 ♀ cl 3.7–5.0 mm, 1 ov. ♀ cl 6.2 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-020); 11 ♂ cl 3.3–4.6 mm, 9 ♀ cl 3.7–5.0 mm ( RMNH. CRUS.D.56053), Hong Kong, Hong Kong island, tributary of the Pok Fu Lam Reservoir, 22.266222°N 114.142167°E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 06.04.2009; 2 ♂ cl 4.0 and 5.9 mm, 5 ♀ cl 3.6–5.7 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-021) Hong Kong, Lantau Island, mountain stream near Ngong Ping, 484 m asl, 22.26528°N 113.90610°E; coll. W. + M. Klotz 4.4.2012. 5 ♂ cl 3.2–4.9 mm, 7 ♀ cl 3.0–6.0 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-022); 5 ♂ cl 3.8–5.0 mm, 6 ♀ cl 3.3–6.1 mm ( RMNH. CRUS.D.56054), Hong Kong, Lantau Island, 22.22870°N 113.875°E, coll. W. + M. Klotz 18.3.2011; 2 ♂ cl 4.4 and 5.0 mm, 2 ♀ cl 5.0 and 5.8 mm ( OUMNH.ZC 2013-07-023), Hong Kong, Lantau Island, 22.22671°N 113.88005°E; coll. W. + M. Klotz 18.3.2011.

COLOUR PLATE 1. Life coloration of (A) Caridina logemanni n. sp. from the type locality. (B–D) Caridina cantonensis (B) female from Lixi Town near Yingde, Guangdong Prov., China; (C) specimen from a stream at Ha Miu Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong; (D) ovigerous female from San Die Quan Spring, Henquin Island, Zuhai, Guangdong Prov., China. (E–G) Caridina mariae n. sp. (E specimen from the small mountain stream near Lixi Town, Yingde County, Guangdong Prov., China; (F) female from the swampy area near Conghua City, Guangdong Prov., China; (G) red colour mutation occuring in an aquarium population originally from the swampy area near Conghua City. (H) female of Caridina conghuensis n. sp..

Description. Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Rostrum ( Fig. 8 A), straight or slightly sigmoid, tip straight and pointed, reaching to midlenght of second segment of antennular peduncle or less frequent to begin or end of this segment, 0.27–0.46 (median 0.36) times as long as carapace, rostrum formula 4–6 + 6–9 / 1–2. Inferior orbital angle nearly fused with an antennal spine. Pterygostomial angle subrectangular, slightly produced forward. Eyes well developed with globular cornea. Antennular peduncle 0.49–0.59 (median 0.57) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.91–2.50 (median 2.27) times as long as second segment, second segment 1.48–1.93 (median 1.67) times longer than third segment. Stylocerite mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it. Scaphocerite ( Fig. 8 B) 2.79–3.10 (median 2.99) times as long as wide.

Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.40–0.51 (median 0.48) times carapace length, 1.37–1.56 (median 1.47) times as long as fifth somite, 0.74–0.94 (median 0.82) times as long as telson. Telson ( Fig. 8 C, D) length 2.22–3.43 (median 2.86) times as long as proximal wide, distal margin convex to triangular with a median projection, with 4–5 pairs of short spiniform setae dorsal and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal end with 8–9 strong spiniform setae, sublateral pair shorter than lateral and inner pairs. Preanal carina ( Fig. 8 E) rounded, lacking a spine, with few setae. Uropodal diaeresis ( Fig. 8 F) sigmoid, with 16–20 movable spiniform setae, outermost ones clearly shorter than lateral angle.

Mouthparts and branchiae. Incisor process of mandible ( Fig. 8 G) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula ( Fig. 8 H) broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender with few simple setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla ( Fig. 8 I) subdivided, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved setae at posterior margin. Palp of first maxilliped ( Fig. 8 J) ending in a blunt triangular extension. Podobranch on second maxilliped ( Fig. 8 K) well developed. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 8 L) with 2 arthrobranches, ultimate segment as long as penultimate. First pereiopod with an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed (with hooks on distal end) epipods present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods.

Pereiopods. Chela and carpus of first pereiopod stouter and broader than chela and carpus of second pereiopod ( Fig. 9 A, B); chela of first pereiopod 1.90–2.06 (median 2.01) times as long as wide, 1.28–1.43 (median 1.40) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with a hook in adult specimens, 0.93–1.12 (median 1.05 times as long as palm; carpus excavated distally 1.39–1.51 (median 1.44) times as long as wide, 0.88–0.95 (median 0.92) times length of merus. Merus 2.55–2.85 (median 2.75) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Chela of second pereiopod 2.39–2.85 (median 2.58) times as long as wide, 0.73–0.83 (median 0.77) times length of carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.49–1.79 (median 1.61) times as long as palm; carpus 4.60–5.19 (median 5.14) times as long as wide, 1.05–1.11 (median 1.09) times as long as merus; merus 4.81–5.91 (median 5.09) times as long as wide, longer than ischium. Third pereiopod ( Fig. 9 C, D) slender, not sexually dimorphic, dactylus 2.95–3.60 (median 3.20) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spines on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 5 or 6 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus 9.72–11.38 (median 10.21) times as long as wide, 3.24–3.86 (median 3.61) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.54–5.21 (median 5.03) times as long as wide, 0.66–0.71 (median 0.68) times as long as propodus, 0.50–0.58 (median 0.51) times as long as merus; merus 5.80–7.07 (median 6.79) times as long as wide, 1.71–2.02 (median 1.96) times as long as carpus, bearing 3 or 4 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium mostly with 1 spiniform seta. Fifth pereiopod ( Fig. 9 E, F) slender, dactylus 3.13–4.29 (median 3.80) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw with 30–40 spinuliform setae on flexor margin; propodus 9.45–11.22 (median 9.90) times as long as wide, 3.35–3.67 (median 3.42) times length of dactylus, carpus 4.29–4.90 (median 4.79) times as long as wide, 0.41–0.57 (median 0.54) times as long as propodus, 0.57–0.68 (median 0.66) times as long as merus; merus 5.86–6.45 (median 6.05) times as long as wide, 1.46–1.77 (median 1.52) times length of carpus, bearing 3 strong spiniform setae on posterior margin of outer surface. Ischium without a strong spiniform seta.

Pleopods. Endopod of male first pleopod ( Fig. 10 A–C) subrectangular, anterior region not bent backwards, inner margin slightly concave, distal part dilated, 2.37–2.70 (median 2.43) times as long as distal width, 0.58–0.75 (median 0.61) times as long as exopod, with appendix interna arising near and reaching slightly beyond distal margin of endopod. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod ( Fig. 10 D) club-shaped, 3.94–5.09 times as long as wide, with long spinuliform setae on inner and distal margin, few smaller spiniform setae on basal part, appendix interna reaching to about 0.79–0.87 of appendix masculina.

Size. Postorbital carapace length 3.5–8.9 mm.

Coloration. As shown in colour plate 1E–G; body semi-transparent with a dark brown or blackish blotch on lower part of the carapace, and similarly coloured stripes on posterior part of carapace and 1st to 6th abdominal segments, tail fan without dark coloration.

Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyespots) 1.13–1.27 × 0.70–0.74 mm.

Etymology. Caridina mariae n. sp. is named after the wife of the first author, Maria, for her support during several field trips and her abundant patience when the first author is spending most evenings behind the microscope.

Remarks. Caridina mariae n. sp. is similar to C. cantonensis and C. logemanni n. sp. in showing a medium short rostrum reaching about midlength of second antennular peduncle, and length of dactylus of first cheliped resembles about length of palm. In addition to the characteristic striped life coloration, which allows to distinguish these species in the field, C. mariae n. sp. can be distinguished from C. cantonensis by the lesser number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum (1–2 vs. 3–5 in C. cantonensis ), the pterygostomial margin of the carapace which is just slightly produced forward vs. distinctly produced forward in C. cantonensis , the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching about 0.5 times of second segment of antennular peduncle (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.11–1.33 median 1.26 times as long in C. cantonensis ). The anterior region of the endopod of first pleopod in males ( Fig. 10 A–C) is not bent backwards, distal part dilated on outer margin in full-grown specimen vs. anterior region strongly bent backwards, distal part not dilated in C. cantonensis . Endopod more slender, 2.37–2.70, median 2.48 times as long as distal wide vs. 2.13–2.35, median 2.26 times as long as wide in C. cantonensis ( Fig. 11 C, D). Caridina mariae n. sp. could be distinguished from C. logemanni n. sp. by the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching 0.4–0.5 times of second segment of antennular peduncle (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.13–1.33 median 1.21 times as long in C. logemanni n. sp.). The carpus of first cheliped is more slender (1.39–1.51 median 1.45 times as long as wide), moderately excavated distally in C. mariae n. sp. vs. 1.11–1.46 median 1.29 times as long as wide, strongly excavated distally in C. logemanni n. sp. The innermost pair of spiniform setae on distal margin of the telson is as long as outer pair in C. mariae n. sp. vs. short in C. logemanni n. sp. With its unfolded endopod of males first pleopod C. mariae n. sp. is similar to C. serrata and C. trifasciata . From C. serrata C. mariae n. sp. could be distinguished by the longer rostrum reaching to about midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle in most specimens vs. reaching to end of first segment or slightly overreaching this segment in C. serrata and the less number of teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum (1–2 vs. 3–5 in C. serrata ), the pterygostomial margin of the carapace with is just slightly produced forward vs. distinctly produced forward in C. serrata , the length of the stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. just overreaching the first segment (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.13–1.14 times as long in C. serrata ). The endopod of first pleopod is clearly dilated at the distal part of outer margin in full-grown male specimens vs. tongue or kidney-shaped without any distal dilation in C. serrata . From C. trifasciata C. mariae n. sp. differs by its longer stylocerite which is mostly reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle or at least 0.7 times of it vs. reaching <0.5 times of second segment (length ratio between stylocerite and first segment of antennular peduncle 1.33–1.45 median 1.38 vs. 1.17–1.30 times as long in C. serrata ). Further the endopod of first pleopod in males is clearly dilated in the distal part of outer margin, 2.37–2.70 median 2.48 times as long as distal wide, appendix interna not overreaching distal margin of endopod in C. mariae n. sp. vs. subrectangular without any distal dilation and 2.65–3.05 median 2.80 times as long as wide, reaching beyond distal margin of endopod in C. trifasciata . The proposed new species differs also from C. trifasciata in the shape of the appendix masculina which appears saccate, 3.94–5.09 median 4.34 times as long as wide in C. mariae n. sp. vs. club-shaped 5.50–6.17 median 5.82 times as long as wide in C. trifasciata .

Distribution and habitat. Caridina mariae n. sp. is known from a small hill stream near Lixi town, Yingde county, Guangdong province and a small swampy area near Conghua, Guangdong province, Southern China. According to fishermen collecting shrimp for aquarium trade the species can also be found on other sites in this province. C. mariae n. sp. occurs sympatric with C. cantonensis and Caridina conghuensis n. sp. The striking colour pattern of C. mariae n. sp. is helpful in distinguishing it from other congeners in living specimens, or newly preserved material. Following water parameters were recorded at the swampy habitat near Conghua: pH 7.0; conductivity 40 µS.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Caridina mariae n. sp., paratype male, cl 5.7 mm (ZMB 28224; Präp. 5049 – 5052; Präp. 5057 – 5058) (A) cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; (B) scaphocerite; (C) telson; (D) distal end of telson; (E) preanal carina; (F) uropodal diaeresis; (G) distal part of mandible; (H) maxillule; (I) maxilla; (J) first maxilliped; (K) second maxilliped; (L) third maxilliped.

FIGURE 9. Caridina mariae n. sp., paratype male, cl 5.7 mm (ZMB 28224; Präp. 5049 – 5052; Präp. 5057 – 5058) (A) first pereiopod; (B) second pereiopod; (C) third pereiopod; (D) dactylus of third pereiopod; (E) fifth pereiopod; (F) dactylus of fifth pereiopod.

FIGURE 10. Caridina mariae n. sp., paratype male, cl 5.7 mm (ZMB 28224; Präp. 5049 – 5052; Präp. 5057 – 5058) (A) endopod of male first pleopod; (D) appendix masculina on male second pleopod; paratype male, cl 4.4 mm (ZMB 28223; Präp. 5047 – 5048) (C) endopod of male first pleopod; other material male cl 5.9 mm (collWK AO) (B) endopod of male first pleopod.

FIGURE 11. Caridina cantonensis Yu, 1938, male cl 4.5 mm (collWK 28 - 09 - 4) (A) cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; (B) first pereiopod; (C) endopod of male first pleopod (flattened); (D) appendix masculina on male second pleopod; male cl 5.5 mm (collWK 28 - 09 - 5) (E) endopod of male first pleopod (flattened).