Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira, 2020

Oliveira, Favizia Freitas de, Silva, Livia Raquel de Sousa, Zanella, Fernando Cesar Vieira, Garcia, Caroline Tito, Pereira, Heber Luiz, Quaglierini, Claudia & Pigozzo, Camila Magalhaes, 2020, A new species of Ceratina (Ceratinula) Moure, 1941, with notes on the taxonomy and distribution of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912, and an identification key for species of this subgenus known from Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Ceratinini), ZooKeys 1006, pp. 137-165 : 137

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.57599
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7992359D-9DDC-4C6F-83D5-908FC72B78BD
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EEDCDD0-999D-494E-ACC6-4EBCF775C031
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EEDCDD0-999D-494E-ACC6-4EBCF775C031
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana Oliveira sp. nov. Figures 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10

Diagnosis.

Both sexes: integument color tending more to greenish with golden metallic sheen. Female: five yellow maculations on face and one stripe on gena; median paraocular yellow maculation not filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and not reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (Figs 1A, E View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ; 9A, B View Figure 9 ); maculation of lower paraocular areas tiny, below tentorial pit (Figs 1A, E View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ); lower paraocular area polished, smooth (Figs 1A View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ); supraclypeal plain raised surface subpentagonal (Figs 1A View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ; 9A, B View Figure 9 ); stripe of gena on lower half, adjacent to eye (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ); antennal scape, pedicel and following three antennomeres honey-yellow (Fig. 1A, C, E View Figure 1 ); legs, from trochanters, honey-yellow (Fig. 1B-D View Figure 1 ). Male: clypeus almost totally yellow, except for a narrow strip that borders the upper edge above the tentorial pits; two large paraocular yellow spots close to clypeus; labrum and mandible almost entirely yellow; antennal scape and F1-F3 honey-yellow, pedicel brownish (Fig. 2A, B, F View Figure 2 ); apical margin of S5 uniformly concave (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ); apical margin of S6 tri-concave, with deeper median concavity bearing three strongly sclerotized denticles (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ); S7 narrow, less sclerotized, with very narrow base, concave on basal margin, with long narrow dorsally-directed, spatulate projection on median portion of apical margin (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ).

Type locality.

Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (-14.823874, -47.725206), Cerrado vegetation (Savanna), alt. 1073 m a.s.l. (Fig. 10 View Figure 10 ).

Description.

♀: Structure (mm): total body length 4.9; forewing length 3.5; head width 1.37; eye length 0.83, width 0.47; gena width in profile 0.22; ocellocular distance 0.28; diameter of median ocellus 0.10; upper interorbital distance 0.86, median interorbital distance 0.75, lower interorbital distance 0.68; clypeus length 0.48, width 0.6; labrum length 0.17, width 0.36; scape length 0.3, width 0.08; F1 length 0.05; F2 length 0.05; F3 length 0.05; metatibia length 0.9, width 0.2; T2 width 1.25; T4 width 1.38. Antennal sockets located in deep depression (Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ); supraclypeal area level with clypeus and median paraocular region, the frons below; head sutures deep and distinct; a puncture line delimiting the supraclypeal plain raised area above, with lateral branches divergent basally, maximum diameter of puncture on line ca. 0.5 DS basally; supraclypeal plain raised surface subpentagonal (Figs 1A, C, E View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ; 9A, B View Figure 9 ). Coloration: integument mostly dark metallic golden-olive-green (Fig. 1 A-E View Figure 1 ), except for following parts: large elliptical longitudinal maculation on median paraocular area, extending upward and downward from level of antennal socket, not filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and not reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (maculation width ca. 1DS, length 2.3DS, ending at a height ca. 1.25DS from epistomal suture - scape maximum width - Figs 1A View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ; 9A, B View Figure 9 ); large yellow subtriangular longitudinal maculation on disc of clypeus (Figs 1A, E View Figure 1 ; 8A View Figure 8 ); wide brownish honey-yellow band on apical 1/3 of clypeus, with base of subtriangular maculation on clypeus extending into this area (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ); tiny round yellow maculation on lower paraocular area below tentorial pit (Fig. 1A, E View Figure 1 ); yellow stripe occupying lower half of gena, adjacent to eye (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ); mandible reddish honey-brown, slightly darker on base and apex, with rounded translucent yellow area at base; labrum honey-yellow (Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ); antennal scape, pedicel and following three antennomeres honey-yellow (Fig. 1A, C, E View Figure 1 ); yellow maculation on pronotal lobe, outline areas translucent, reddish brown (Fig. 1B, D View Figure 1 ); legs honey-yellow from trochanter, meso- and meta- coxae slightly lighter brown, profemur with elliptical yellow maculation on apex of dorsal surface (Fig. 1B-D View Figure 1 ); light yellow longitudinal stripe on median line of dorsal surface of basal 1/2 of protibia (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ); mesotibia with tiny pale-yellow spot on base of outer surface. Pubescence: whitish, simple and sparse (Fig. 1B, D View Figure 1 ), shorter and sparser on head, denser on venter, longer on labrum (thicker), sides of mesosoma (especially on mesepisternum), metasoma (T3-T6) and legs, especially on metafemur and tibia; longest setae on face between ocelli (1.5DO, much finer), very short on clypeus, lower paraocular, supraclypeal and vertexal areas (0.75DO); gena nearly glabrous; sides of mesepisternum with pilosity relatively dense, sparse, long and uniformly distributed (1.5DO); posterior 2/3 of mesoscutum nearly glabrous; plumose setae easily visible only on pronotal lobe and surrounding areas (very short, whitish silvery), surrounding propodeal spiracle and on metatibia (ca. 3DO) (Fig. 1B, D View Figure 1 ); pilosity on metasoma simple, gradually longer and denser toward apex; denser on base and apical border of tergum, with glabrous area on disc from T1-T3 along its width; T4-T6 evenly setaceous; seta on sterna ca. 3DO. Microsculpture: Integument smooth, polished, and shiny on most of surface; punctation piliferous, deep, distinct, and sparse. Punctures denser and more deep on sides of clypeus, upper part of supraclypeal area, anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, mesepisternum and T4-T6, punctures larger on mesepisternum and mesoscutum and smaller on mesoscutellum and metanotum; metanotum and propodeum very coarsely microreticulate between sparse punctures; lower paraocular area, between antennal alveolus and tentorial pit, and near epistomal suture on upper half of clypeus, smooth, polished and shiny, not microreticulate; gena practically impunctate, smooth and polished; mesoscutum with punctation large, dense and deep on anterior 1/3, posterior 2/3 almost entirely smooth and polished, except for contours with small dense punctation; mesoscutellum with punctation very fine and dense, with impunctate polished area on disc; T1-T3 with punctation smaller and sparser, and broad glabrous impunctate polished area on each side of disc; T4-T6 with punctation evenly dense, large and deep.

♂: Structure (mm): total body length 4.5; forewing length 3.5; head width 1.37; eye length 0.87, width 0.52; gena width in profile 0.17; ocellocular distance 0.24; diameter of median ocellus 0.12; upper interorbital distance 0.85, median interorbital distance 0.64, lower interorbital distance 0.64; clypeus length 0.42, width 0.49; labrum length 0.18, width 0.33; scape length 0.24, width 0.08; F1 length 0.05; F2 length 0.065; F3 length 0.07; metatibia length 0.83, width 0.18; T2 width 1.15; T4 width 1.38. Antennal sockets located in deep depression (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ); frons and supraclypeal area level with clypeus and median paraocular region as in female but sutures less distinct (Fig. 2A, E, F View Figure 2 ); comparing with the female: eyes closer medially, scape shorter and wider, gena narrower in profile. Male terminalia: apical margin of S5 uniformly concave (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ); apical margin of E6 tri-concave, with deeper median concavity bearing three strongly sclerotized denticles (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ); S7 narrow, less sclerotized, with very narrow base, concave on basal margin, with long narrow dorsally-directed spatulate projection on median portion of apical margin (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ); gonostyle robust, enlarged and recurved, with an angulation in the middle portion almost forming 90 degrees, with apical portion directed to valves, lateral-distal surface of apical portion flattened, apex truncated (Fig. 3 A, B View Figure 3 ); valves in lateral view wider and subrectangular at base, hook-shaped in apical 1/4, with dentiform projection dorsomedially, which is connected to base by membranous/less-sclerotized transparent portion (Fig. 3A-C View Figure 3 ). Coloration: similar to that of female, except for antennal pedicel brownish (Fig. 2A-F View Figure 2 ); clypeus yellow, narrowly black along epistomal suture from tentorial pit upward, apical margin yellowish brown, translucent (Figs 2A, E, F View Figure 2 ; 8B View Figure 8 ); labrum entirely yellow, with three rounded yellowish brown translucent maculations on each side and middle basically and apical contour equally yellowish brown, translucent (Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ); lower paraocular area yellow from slightly below base of clypeus downward, upper margin of maculation rounded (Figs 2A, E, F View Figure 2 ; 8B View Figure 8 ); mandible yellow, brownish red at base and apex (Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ); gena without yellow maculation (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ); wide yellow stripe on external surface of protibia, from base to apex, occupying almost entire upper surface (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ), tarsus pale yellow, contrasting with other segments of legs (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Pubescence: pilosity whitish as in female, slightly shorter and sparser, especially on mesoscutum, terga and legs. Microsculpture: punctation finer and sparse, shallower, space between spots much larger (varying from 1-4DP), especially on mesoscutum, mesepisternum and terga; clypeus smooth, polished and shiny on most surface; larger smooth impunctate areas on T1-T3 and mesoscutellum.

Observed variations.

Some male specimens, such as the male paratype (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ), have a discolored translucent area in the middle of the apical 1/2 of the clypeus. Other specimens have a uniformly yellow clypeus (Fig. 2F View Figure 2 ).

Type material.

(1♀, 3♂) - Holotype ♀ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (-14.823874, -47.725206), 29.XI.2018, 15:00-15:34 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. Paratype used for description ♂ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (-14.823874, -47.725206), 30.XI.2018, 10:40-11:40 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (-14.823874, -47.725206), 29.XI.2018, 15:00-15:34 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. All specimens were collected with an entomological net on flowers of Mentha piperita L. (mint, family Lamiaceae ), in planted vegetable garden.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Oli Antonio Fiorese, Edileusa Fiorese, Henrique Gustavo Fiorese and Kaio Felipe Fiorese, owners of the Nossa Senhora Aparecida farm (located in Água Fria de Goiás, Goiás State, midwestern Brazil), where the type specimens of the new species were collected. We honor their recognition of bees as key pollinators important to sustainable production, adapting their production to meet the standards for environmental certification, and also adopting various pollinator-friendly measures through the Bayer Forward Farming Project. Because of these procedures, their property has been certified as a model farm by environmental agency Round Table on Responsible Soy Association (RTRS), being the only farm in Brazil within the Bayer Forward Farming Project, and the twenty-fifth in the world.