Ceratophysella stachi Skarzynski , Smolis & Porco, 2021

Skarzynski, Dariusz, Smolis, Adrian, Kovac, Ľubomir & Porco, David, 2021, A new European species of Ceratophysella (Collembola, Hypogastruridae) revealed by morphological data and DNA barcodes, ZooKeys 1021, pp. 1-18 : 1

Ceratophysella stachi Skarzynski, Smolis & Porco sp. nov. Figures 3-4 , 5-9

Ceratophysella granulata : Fjellberg, 1998: 41.

Type material.

Holotype ( DIBEC): female, Poland, Carpathians , Beskid Niski Mts , litter of the Carpathian beech forest on the slopes of Ostra Góra near Tylawa village, 500 m a.s.l., 20.X.2009, leg. M. Furgoł. Paratypes ( DIBEC): 2 males, same data as holotype ; male, juv., 14.V.2001, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński, other data same as holotype ; 3 females, 5 males, juv., 14.V.2002, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński, other data same as holotype .

Other material.

Denmark ( AF, leg. A. Fjellberg): female, Jutland, Himmerland, Rold Skov , Fagus liter, 20.III.1994, 94.024; Funen: 6 females, 2 males, Fiskerup Skov , forest stream, 24.III.1994, 94.076; female, Syltemade Adal, Fraxinus / Ulmus / Viburnum litter, 23.III.1994, 94.070 . Germany ( SMNG): Brandenburg: 6 females, 3 males, 3 juv., “Wanninchen” nature reserve, bog, 1. V.1972, leg. Hiebsch , 11911; 9 females, male, “Wanninchen” nature reserve, wet heather, 1972, leg. Hiebsch, 11911; male, 2 juv., " Bergener Moor " nature reserve, moor, Sphagnum , heather, pine forest, 1. V.1972, leg. Hiebsch , 11912. Hesse: 5 females, Vogelsberg , 1985-1995, leg. W. Böhle. Mecklenburg-West Pomerania : female, Müritz National Park, Neustrelitz , soil 0-5 cm, alder swamp woods not on acid peat, 16.X.2013, leg. U. Burkhardt , 264-F865; 4 females, 2 males, Serrahn, Hauptmannsberg near Feldberg, sandy-gravelly moraine, largely unforested since the Middle Ages, 1973, leg. Hiebsch/ ILN Greifswald, 11915; female, Serrahn, Klockenbruch , active, relatively undamaged raised bogs, moss/ Sphagnum , 16.X.2013, leg. R. Lehmitz and U. Burkardt, 261-01; male, Serrahn , Klockenbruch , active, relatively undamaged raised bogs, moss/ Sphagnum , 5.XI.2014, leg. R. Lehmitz and U. Burkardt, 401-12; female, Serrahn , “Kesselmoor” nature reserve, active, relatively undamaged raised bogs, moss/ Sphagnum , 16.X.2013, leg. R. Lehmitz , 49077-08; male, Serrahn , soil 0-5 cm, Medio-European collinear woodrush beech forest, 16.X.2013, leg. U. Burkhardt , 263-03. Saxony: female and juv., Erzgebirge, Kleiner Kranichsee , Sphagnum , 22.VII. 1971, leg. W. Dunger , 7871. Luxembourg, subadult male, Vallée d’Our: Tintesmühle, near the river, 21.VII.1991, leg. M. Ursone , L-91-101 ( ISEZ). Norway ( AF, leg. A. Fjellberg): Akershus: 4 females, “Östmarka” nature reserve, Tappenbergvann , old spruce cones, 18.V.1995, 95.163; female, Barum, Dalivannet, 16.XI.1997. Vestfold: male, 32/93; 2 females, Larvik, N. Holtesetra, Hvarnes, lush Alnus and Fraxinus forest, 24.XI.2007, 7.290; female and male, Larvik, Granasnekollen, Hvarnes, litter, oak/beech, 25.IX.2004, 04.086; 3 females, Brunlanes, Hummerbakken, Telemark Camp., plant debris, beach, 14.XI.1993, 93.077; female, Tjøme, Sandø, N-stranda, spongy Pinus litter behind beach, 22.IV.2009, 9.086 . Poland (Carpathians, DIBEC): female, 3 males, 2 juv., Beskid Sądecki Mts: "Las Lipowy Obrożyska” nature reserve near Muszyna , 600 m a.s.l., mosses on rocks and trees, 1.V.2004, 25.VI.2005, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński ; female, Roztoka Ryterska , 600 m a.s.l., litter and mosses near stream, 3. V.2004, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński ; 5 females, “Uhryń” nature reserve, 850 m a.s.l., litter of fir-beech forest, 3. V.2000, leg. A. Smolis ; female, 3 males, 2 juv., “Barnowiec” nature reserve, 850 m a.s.l., mosses on rocks in an old beech forest, 10. V.2003, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński ; 4 females, 2 males, SE slopes of Jaworzyna Krynicka , litter in a beech forest, ca 800 m a.s.l, 2. V.2004, leg. A. Smolis, D. Skarżyński. Bieszczady Mts : 2 females, N slopes of Krzemieniec , 1000 m a.s.l., litter in a stream valley, 19. V.2000, leg. A. Smolis. Ukraine: male, Ivano-Frankove village , Lviv District, beech and elm forest, leaf litter and soil, leg. S. Bakaeva , 2.2.4.8 ( SMNHL).

Etymology.

Dedicated to Jan Stach, the excellent specialist in Collembola .

Description.

Body length 1-2 mm. Colour (in alcohol) bluish-gray to bluish-black. Tegumental granulation strong, with fields of especially coarse granules on head (large uniform field covering whole dorsal side except antennal bases), thoracic terga II-III (two large subaxial fields and two lateral ones of medium size, Fig. 3 ), abdominal terga I-III (variable distribution: from four - Fig. 4 to seven fields of medium size as in C. granulata ; see Skarżyński 2004a: fig. 8), abdominal tergum IV (medium axial field and two lateral large ones, Fig. 4 ) and abdominal terga V-VI (large uniform fields covering almost whole dorsal side, Fig. 4 ). 6-9 granules between macrosetae p1 on abdominal tergum V.

Arrangement of setae on head typical for the genus, spine-like setae absent. Dorsal chaetotaxy of type B (Figs 3 , 4 ). Thoracic terga II-III with setae m6 present and one additional seta outside lateral sensillum m7 present or absent. Setae p1 on abdominal tergum IV developed as macrosetae, p2 as microsetae, setae p3 present. Differentiation of dorsal setae into micro- and macrosetae distinct. Setae long (ratio p1 microsetae and p2 macrosetae on thoracic tergum II/inner edge of claws III = 1-1.3 and 1.8-2.8, respectively), thick, curved, pointed at tips and only slightly serrate. Body sensilla (s) short (ratio sensillum p4 and m7 on thoracic tergum II/inner edge of claws III = 0.6-1 and 0.4-0.6, respectively), thin and smooth. Microsensilla (ms) on thoracic tergum II present (Fig. 3 ). Subcoxae I, II, III with 1, 2, 3 setae, respectively.

Antennal segment IV with simple or lobed apical vesicle, subapical organite (or), microsensillum (ms), 7 (2 lateral, 5 dorsal) cylindrical, subequal sensilla and 15-25 slightly curved blunt-tipped sensilla in ventral field (Figs 5 , 6 ). Antennal segment III organ with two long (lateral) and two short (internal), curved sensilla (Fig. 5 ). Microsensillum on antennal segment III present. Eversible sac between antennal segments III and IV present. Antennal segment I with 7 setae.

Ocelli: 8 + 8. Postantennal organ 1.8-2.3 times as large as single ocellus; the former with four lobes, its anterior pair larger than posterior pair. Accessory boss large (equal to or only slightly smaller than posterior lobes of postantennal organ), often granulated (Fig. 7 ).

Labrum with 5, 5, 4 setae; 4 prelabrals present. Maxillary head of C. armata type ( Fjellberg 1984: fig. 18). Labial palp as shown in Fjellberg (1999: Fig. 4 ), but with 6 proximal setae. Outer maxillary lobe with one sublobal hair.

Tibiotarsi I, II, III with 19, 19, 18 setae, respectively, clavate setae absent. Claws with inner tooth and a pair of lateral teeth. Empodial appendage with broad lamelliform base and filiform apex reaching inner tooth or slightly beyond, ratio empodial appendage/ inner edge of claws = 0.4-0.7 (Fig. 8 ).

Ventral tube with 4 + 4 setae. Furca well developed. Ratio dens + mucro/inner edge of claw III = 1.8-2.2, ratio dens/mucro = 1.7-2.2. Dens with uniform fine granules and 7 dorsal setae (2-4 inner setae modified) (Fig. 9 ). Mucro wide at tip (ratio width of apical part/length of mucro = 0.4-0.6, usually 0.5), boat-like, with large outer lamella, (Fig. 9 ). Retinaculum with 4 + 4 teeth.

Anal spines yellowish, slightly curved, situated on high basal papillae, 1.1-1.7 times as long as inner edge of claws III (Fig. 4 ).

Distribution and ecology.

The range of distribution of C. stachi sp. nov. appears to be relatively wide. It is known from Denmark ( Jutland , Funen ), Germany (Brandenburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania , Saxony), Luxembourg, southern Norway (Akershus, Vestfold), Poland ( Carpathians : Beskid Niski , Beskid Sadecki , Bieszczady mountains ) and Ukraine (Lviv District) (Fig. 1 ). Probably this species is distributed much more widely in Europe , but additional research is needed to prove this thesis. Ceratophysella stachi sp. nov. lives in lowlands and in the mountains (up to ca. 1000 m a.s.l) where it inhabits litter and mosses in different types of forests, and also heathlands and bogs .

Remarks.

Ceratophysella stachi sp. nov. belongs to a small European branch of species of the C. armata -group, which have strong tegumentary granulation, with distinct fields of coarse granules: C. granulata , C. lawrencei (Gisin, 1963), C. neomeridionalis (Nosek & Červek, 1970), C. scotica (Carpenter & Evans, 1899), and C. silvatica . It differs from all of them in the chaetotaxy of the lateral parts of the thoracic terga II-III (setae m6 present and one additional seta outside lateral sensillum m7 present or absent vs setae m6 and additional setae absent) which is exceptional within the whole C. armata -group (both characters are found in the genus, but in other groups of species: formerly classified as Mitchellania Wray, 1953 and C. denticulata ). The remaining differences between C. stachi sp. nov. and related species mentioned above are summarized in Table 4.

Figures

Figure 1. Distribution of Ceratophysella stachi sp. nov. (black circles) and C. granulata (empty circles). Abbreviations: AKE - Akershus, B - Bieszczady Mts, BM - Beskid Maly Mts, BN - Beskid Niski Mts, BRA - Brandenburg, BS - Beskid Sadecki Mts, BW - Beskid Wyspowy Mts, BZ - Beskid Zywiecki Mts, CH - Cierna hora Mts, FUN - Funen, HES - Hesse, JUT - Jutland, L - Levocske vrchy Mts, LD - Lviv District, LT - Low Tatra Mts, LUX - Luxembourg, M - Muranska planina Plateau, MEC - Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, P - Pieniny Mts, S - Slovak Paradise, SAX - Saxony, SK - Slovak Karst, T - Tatra Mts, VES - Vestfold, VF - Veľka Fatra Mts.

Figures 3, 4. Ceratophysella stachi sp. nov. 3 chaetotaxy of thoracic tergum II 4 chaetotaxy of abdominal terga III-VI.

Figures 5 - 9. Ceratophysella stachi sp. nov. 5 chaetotaxy of dorsal side of antennal segments III-IV 6 chaetotaxy of ventral side of antennal segment IV 7 postantennal organ and neighbor ocelli 8 claw I 9 dens and mucro.