Cercocarpopsallus, Schuh, Randall T., 2006

Schuh, Randall T., 2006, Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2006 (301), pp. 1-115 : 61-68

Cercocarpopsallus , new genus

Type species: Cercocarpopsallus bispinosus , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the pale greenish background coloration of the dorsum with numerous greenish to brown spots on the hemelytra (figs. 2, 3), in combination with the small field of short spinelike setae on the left side just anterior to the opening of the pygophore (fig. 24D, F). Most similar to Bisulcopsallus spp. and many of Ceratopsallus spp. in general appearance and in lacking sexually dimorphic eyes; distinguished by the absence of a conspicuously elevated tubercle on the pygophore.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Size moderate to relatively large among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, nearly parallel-sided, total length 2.86– 3.40, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.92–2.55, width pronotum 0.92–1.04. COL- ORATION (figs. 2, 3): Body and forewings faded green, corium, clavus, cuneus with heavy spotting of green to brown; eyes pale to reddish; coloration of appendages pale, greenish, femora with scattered, weak, brown spots; tibial spines dark with dark bases; membrane weakly marmorate, with conspicuous large dark areas; veins of membrane pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 2, 3, 24C): Dorsal body surface smooth, impunctate, weakly shining. Dorsal vestiture of recumbent, simple setae intermixed with sericeous silvery setae; pygophore with small field of short spinelike setae on a very weakly elevated tubercle on the left side just anterior to the opening (fig. 24D, F). STRUCTURE: Head: Weakly transverse, posterior margin of eyes contiguous with anterior margin of pronotum, frons weakly protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes; posterior margin of vertex indistinct; eyes relatively small and widely separated (figs. 2, 3, 24); antennae inserted above ventral margin of eye by roughly diameter of segment 1, insertion contiguous with eye (fig. 24A); antennal segment 2 very weakly tapered proximally (figs. 2, 3); labium reaching to or slightly surpassing hind margin of hind trochanters. Thorax: Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent-efferent system as in figure 24B. Legs: Claws strongly bent preapically, pulvilli flaplike, parempodia setiform (fig. 24E). Abdomen: Tapered posteriorly. GENITALIA (figs. 24F, 25, 26): Pygophore: Of moderate size, conical in shape (fig. 24F). Vesica: Formed of a single strap, varying from moderately long and slender to much shorter and robust, with two apical spines of varying conformation; secondary gonopore moderately to strongly developed, without a well-developed gonopore sclerite. Phallotheca: With apical portion weakly elongate, tapered, dorsal margin near apex with a triangular fold. Parameres: Left paramere with anterior process moderately to very strongly developed, posterior process relatively short, truncate, as in many other Phylinae ; right paramere relatively large, elongate, nearly parallel-sided, apex with a distinct process on either side.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.75– 3.32, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.95–2.31, width pronotum 0.90–1.01. COL- ORATION (fig. 2): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Hemelytra slightly surpassing apex of abdomen; eyes usually similar in size to those of male; antennal segment 2 tapered toward base (figs. 2, 3). GENITALIA (fig. 25): Sclerotized rings triangular, lying in a more or less vertical plane; vestibulum leading from base of ovipositor valves to anterior margin of bursa copulatrix via an elongate tubular sclerite open on one side; bursa copulatrix positioned distinctly posterior to base of ovipositor valves, posterior margin of bursa bearing a distinct, but isolated, sclerite; structure of posterior wall not clearly discernable in all preparations.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its occurrence on the genus Cercocarpus (Rosaceae) in combination with the generic name Psallus . Gender masculine.

HOSTS: Cercocarpus spp. (Rosaceae) .

DISCUSSION: The two species presently placed in this genus are united by the presence of a small field of short spinelike setae on the left side of the pygophore, these being located on a very low tubercle. The phallotheca and right paramere are very similar in structure, as are the female genitalia in both known species. In the latter case, the removal of the bursa copulatrix from the base of the ovipositor valve, the distinctive long connecting sclerite of the vestibulum, and the sclerite embedded in the posterior wall of the bursa copulatrix would appear to be diagnostic for the group. The left paramere and the vesica are strongly dissimilar in structure in the two known species. Cercocarpopsallus spp. also lack spine(s) on the phallotheca, in contrast to most other members of the Phymatopsallus group.

Although the Miridae fauna associated with Cercocarpus spp. (Rosaceae) is becoming better understood ( Knight, 1968; Schuh, 2000b, 2004a; Stonedahl, 1988), and in some groups—such as Oligotylus —is known from a very large number of specimens, the amount of material available for Cercocarpopsallus is limited. The reason appears to be that the bugs appear later in the year than do most other Cercocarpus feeding species and have therefore not been frequently collected during much of our field effort, which has focused on the preponderance of taxa that emerge during springtime when the plants are in full flower.

Cercocarpopsallus bispinosus , new species figures 2, 24, 25; map 5

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized, in conjunction with the green spotting on the hemelytra (fig. 2) and the field of spicules on the left side of the pygophore (fig. 24D), by the very long, heavy, and curving anterior process of the left paramere and the heavy-bodied vesica with its large gonopore and one broad apically directed spine and another elongate retrorse spine (fig. 25).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Size moderate among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, elongate, nearly parallel-sided, total length 2.86–3.40, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.92– 2.55, width pronotum 1.00–1.04. COLORA- TION (fig. 2): Pale, faded greenish, with moderately dense covering of brown spots on clavus, corium, and cuneus; membrane boldly marmorate with broad dark areas over much of membrane, veins pale to infuscate. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 2, 24C): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching or slightly surpassing hind margin of hind trochanters. GENITALIA (fig. 25): Vesica: Heavy-bodied with large gonopore and one broad, apically directed spine and another elongate retrorse spine. Parameres: Left paramere with anterior process very long, heavy, and curving, posterior process slender, with truncate apex.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.88– 3.32, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.95–2.31, width pronotum 0.90–1.01. COL- ORATION (fig. 2): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Similar to male. GENITALIA (fig. 26): See generic description.

(AMNH_PBI 00082240).

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the two prominent spines attending the secondary gonopore in the male vesica.

HOST: Recorded from Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ex T. & G. and Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. (Rosaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION (map 5): Known from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in northern California south to Riverside County, ranging east to the Wasatch Range in western Utah.

HOLOTYPE: USA: Utah: Box Elder Co. : 5 mi SW of Clear Creek Campground, Raft River Mountains [41.94517 ° N 113.35486 ° W], 2164 m, 31 Jul 1981, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00063147) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: USA: California: Kern Co.: 20 km W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 35.70694 ° N 118.6764 ° W, 1500 m, 26 Jul 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ex T. & G. ( Rosaceae ), 2Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00071592, AMNH _PBI 00071593), 9♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00071595– AMNH _PBI 00071603) ( CNC). 44.6 km E of jct with Rt 65 on Rt 155, W of Glennville, 35.72889 ° N 118.20954 ° W, 1000 m, 26 Jul 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ex T. & G. ( Rosaceae ), 2Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00071859, AMNH _PBI 00071860), 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00071861) ( AMNH). Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ex T. & G. ( Rosaceae ), 4Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00071589– AMNH _PBI 00071591, AMNH _PBI 00071594) ( CNC). Lassen Co.: 9 mi W of McArthur, 41.33167 ° N 120.70966 ° W, 1280 m, 06 Jul 1979, R.T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 3Oi ( AMNH _ PBI 00062046, AMNH _PBI 00063295, AMNH _PBI 00063296), 5♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00063297, AMNH _PBI 00063301) ( AMNH). Riverside Co.: 5 mi S of Palm Springs, Palm Canyon, 33.75799 ° N 116.54444 ° W, 08 Jun 1978 – 05 Jul 1978, J.D. Pinto, 4Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00082885– AMNH _PBI 00082888) ( UCR). San Bernardino Co.: Mill Creek, 34.08721 ° N 117.11396 ° W, 1829 m, 04 Sep 1944, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 6Oi ( AMNH _ PBI 00082226– AMNH _PBI 00082229, AMNH _ PBI 00082293, AMNH _PBI 00082294), 10♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082238– AMNH _PBI 00082245, AMNH _PBI 00082295, AMNH _PBI 00082296) ( UCR); 29 Jul 1944, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 2Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00082230, AMNH _PBI 00082231) ( UCR); 27 Aug 1945, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00082232), 3♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082248– AMNH _PBI 00082250) ( UCR); 21 Jul 1950, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosa- ceae), 2Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00082233, AMNH _PBI 00082236) ( UCR); 16 May 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _ PBI 00082234) ( UCR); 01 Sep 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _ PBI 00082235) ( UCR); 10 Jul 1940, Timberlake, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00082246, AMNH _PBI 00082247) ( UCR); 13 Aug 1945, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082251, AMNH _PBI 00082252) ( UCR); 02 Jul 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082253) ( UCR); 16 Jul 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082254) ( UCR); 02 Aug 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082255) ( UCR); 21 Jul 1947, Timberlake, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082256) ( UCR). Mount San Antonio, 34.28888 ° N 117.64666 ° W, 1676 m, 22 Aug 1920, Timberlake, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00082237), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00082257, AMNH _PBI 00082258) ( UCR). Shasta Co.: 1 mi W of Fall River Mills, 41.08058 ° N 121.46683 ° W, 1030 m, 07 Jul 1979, R.T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00062047) ( AMNH). Brown Butte, 40.83472 ° N 121.52861 ° W, 07 Jul 1947, R.L. Usinger, 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00079107) ( UCB). Tehama Co. : 10 mi W of Mineral, 40.34762 ° N 121.78405 ° W, 27 Jun 1966, O’Brien, 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00079106) ( UCB). Tulare Co.: Mineral King Rd E of Three Rivers, 36.47356 ° N 118.8465 ° W, 492 m, 24 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Cercocarpus betuloides Torr. & A. Gray (Rosaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR 140579, 6Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00170503– AMNH _PBI 00170508) ( AMNH). Nevada: Clark Co.: Charleston Peak, 36.27222 ° N 115.69417 ° W, 2286 m, 19 Jul 1982, J.T. Polhemus, 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00063963) ( JTP). Utah: Box Elder Co. : 5 mi SW of Clear Creek Campground, Raft River Mountains, 41.94517 ° N 113.35486 ° W, 2164 m, 31 Jul 1981, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 15Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00063146, AMNH _ PBI 00063269– AMNH _PBI 00063282), 12♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00063148, AMNH _PBI 00063149, AMNH _PBI 00063285, AMNH _PBI 00063294) ( AMNH). Cercocarpus ledifolius (Rosaceae) , 2Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00063267, AMNH _PBI 00063268), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00063283, AMNH _PBI 00063284) ( USNM). Summit Co.: 4.5 mi E of Oakley, Weber Canyon Road, 40.71472 ° N 111.21417 ° W, 19 Aug 1986, G.M. Stonedahl, Cercocarpus sp. (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00096932) ( AMNH).

Cercocarpopsallus gracilis , new species figures 3, 26; map 5

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized, in conjunction with the green spotting on he hemelytra (fig. 3) and the field of spicules on the left side of the pygophore (fig. 24C), by the filamentous vesica with its two relatively short, slender, parallel apical spines (fig. 26).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Size moderate among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, elongate, nearly parallel-sided, total length 3.05–3.18, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 2.00– 2.17, width pronotum 0.92–0.98. COLORA- TION (fig. 3): Pale, faded greenish, with moderately dense covering of brown spots on clavus, corium, and cuneus; membrane boldly marmorate with broad dark areas over much of membrane, veins pale to infuscate. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 3, 24C): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching hindmargin of hind trochanters. GENITA- LIA (fig. 26): Vesica: Filamentous, apex with two slender, parallel spines about the length of secondary gonopore. Parameres: Left paramere with anterior process flattened and relatively broad, posterior process slen- der, with acute apex.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.75– 3.12, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.95–2.20, width pronotum 0.94–1.00. COL- ORATION (fig. 2): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Similar to male. GENITALIA (genitalia examined, not illustrated): Similar in structure to those of Cercocarpopsallus bispinosus .

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the slender nature of the vesica, especially in contrast with C. bispinosus .

HOST: Recorded only from Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION (map 5): Known from Harney and Wheeler Counties in Central Oregon south to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Kern County, California.

HOLOTYPE: USA: California: Kern Co.: 44.6 km E of jct with Rt 65 on Rt 155, W of Glennville, 35.72889 ° N 118.20954 ° W, 1000 m, 26 Jul 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. (Rosaceae) , 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00071864) ( CNC).

PARATYPES: USA: California: Kern Co.: 44.6 km E of jct with Rt 65 on Rt 155, W of Glennville, 35.72889 ° N 118.20954 ° W, 1000 m, 26 Jul 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides

(Rosaceae), 2Oi (AMNH_PBI 00071862, AMNH_ PBI 00071863), 4♀ (AMNH_PBI 00071865– AMNH_PBI 00071868) (AMNH). 3Oi (AMNH_ PBI 00071604–AMNH_PBI 00071606), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00071608–AMNH_PBI 00071615) (CNC). 1Oi (AMNH_PBI 00071607), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00071616) (USNM). Oregon: Harney Co.: 18 mi N of Burns, 43.84711 ° N 119.05306 ° W, 14 Aug 1971, Oman, 2Oi (AMNH_ PBI 00075920, AMNH_PBI 00075923) (AMNH). 5Oi (AMNH_PBI 00075905–AMNH_PBI 00075909) (ORSU). Wheeler Co.: 13 mi SW of Mitchell, 44.43808 ° N 120.34371 ° W, 31 Jul 1972, Oman, 5Oi (AMNH_PBI 00075916–AMNH_PBI 00075919, AMNH_PBI 00075922) (AMNH). 6Oi (AMNH_PBI 00075910–AMNH_PBI 00075915) (ORSU).