Clavaria fumosa Persoon (1796: 31)

Furtado, Ariadne N. M., Daniëls, Pablo P. & Neves, Maria Alice, 2016, New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 253 (1), pp. 1-26 : 6-7

Clavaria fumosa Persoon (1796: 31)

Basidiomata ( Fig. 1c ) 1.5−7.5 × 0.2−0.7 cm, unbranched, densely caespitose. Clavula whitish (1A1) to pale cream (5A2) or reddish grey (9B2), whitish towards the sterile base, cylindric then subclavate, becoming compressed and slightly fusiform, slender; apex acute then obtuse, light brown (5D5); stipe indistinct or absent. Context white (5A1), brittle; taste and smell absent.

Basidiospores ( Fig. 4a ) 5.0−8.0 × 4.0−5.0 μm (Q=1.45), ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, uniguttulate, inamyloid; hilar appendage up to 1.0 μm long. Basidia ( Fig. 4b ) 55−63 × 8.0−13 μm, clavate, clampless; 4-sterigmate 5.0−8.0 μm long. Cystidia absent. Hymenium 45.5−100 μm thick, absent in stipe. Subhymenium up to 50 μm thick; hyphae 2.0−4.0 μm wide, partially clamped, secondarily septate, loosely interwoven. Context with subparallel hyphae 5.0−28 μm wide, clampless; hyphae secondarily septate, inflated, constricted at primary septa, thin-walled.

Habitat and distribution:—In the Atlantic Forest, this species is found on bare soil. In Brazil it is known only from Santa Catarina (present study). It also occurs in Java, USA and Russia ( Corner 1950), Bolivia ( Corner 1970), Switzerland ( Breitenbach & Kränzlin 1986), Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden ( Hansen & Knudsen 1997), Estonia ( Shiryaev 2009) and Spain (Olariaga 2009).

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Morro da Lagoa, Trilha do Jipe, 27º59'43"S, 49º47'83"W, 09 April 2013, A.C. Magnago 598 (FLOR 56154).

Additional specimens examined:— ENGLAND, 1923, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (K 161399) ; SOLOMON ISLANDS. Ysabel , 21 September 1965, E.J.H. Corner n.n. (BPI 264669, isotype) .

Remarks:— Clavaria fumosa is characterized by cream fuliginous basidioma with a brown apex and an indistinct or absent stipe. When young, the pale basidioma has a pinkish apex ( Corner 1950, 1970). Corner (1970) stated that this species might be restricted to temperate regions; however, he reported Ca. fumosa for Bolivia, based on a collection made by Singer, and for Java and the Solomon Islands ( Corner 1967a). A close morphological species is Clavaria rubicundula Leathers , but the basidiomata are violaceous pink, the basidiospores measure 3.0−4.0 μm in width and the basidia are smaller (35−50 × 5.5−7.5 μm) ( Leathers 1956). Clavaria fumosa seems to be a color variety of Ca. fragilis but the latter is white and has smaller basidiospores (4.5−5.0 × 2.0−3.5 μm) ( Corner 1967b).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of basidiomata in the field. a Clavaria diverticulata (ACM 1044); b. Ca. fragilis (ACM 1041); c. Ca. fumosa (ACM 598); d. Ca. gibbsiae (ANMF 484); e. Ca. subglobosa (MAN 732); f. Ca. zollingeri (ANMF 365); g. Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21); h. Cs. aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382); i. Cs. dimorphica (ACM 1051); j. Cs. helvola (KEL 34); k. Cs. imperata (ANMF 482); l. Cs. laeticolor (ANMF 495); m. Cs. spiralis (MAN 1077); n. Ramariopsis kunzei (ACM 596). Bars = 1.0 cm. Photographs by Altielys C. Magnago (A, B, C, I, N) and Raquel Friedrich (G).

FIGURE 4. Microcharacters of Clavaria fumosa (ACM 598). a. Basidia; b. Basidiospores. Bars = 10 μm.